Protein metabolism
Protein metabolism denotes the various biochemical processes responsible for the synthesis of proteins and amino acids, and the breakdown of proteins (and other large molecules, too) by catabolism.
Dietary proteins are first broken down to individual amino acids by various enzymes and hydrochloric acid present in the gastro-intestinal tract.[1] These amino acids are further broken down to α-keto acids which can be recycled in the body for generation of energy, and production of glucose or fat or other amino acids. This break-down of amino acids to α-keto acids occurs in the liver by a process known as transamination, which follows a bimolecular ping pong mechanism.[2]
Protein synthesis
Protein biosynthesis relies on four processes:
Protein anabolism is the process by which protein are formed from amino acids (aka anabolic amino acid synthesis).
Protein breakdown
Protein catabolism is the process by which proteins are broken down to their amino acids. This is also called proteolysis.
This can be followed by further amino acid degradation.
Amino acid metabolism
The following list contains links to information about the metabolism of individual amino acids.
- Positively charged side chains
- Negatively charged side chains
- Polar uncharged side chains
- Special cases
- Hydrophobic side chains
References
- ↑ Mehta, S. Digestion of Dietary Proteins
- ↑ Mehta, S. Metabolism of amino acids- bimolecular ping pong mechanism of transamination.
Metabolism map | |
|---|---|
 Single lines: pathways common to most lifeforms. Double lines: pathways not in humans (occurs in e.g. plants, fungi, prokaryotes).  Orange nodes: carbohydrate metabolism.  Violet nodes: photosynthesis.  Red nodes: cellular respiration.  Pink nodes: cell signaling.  Blue nodes: amino acid metabolism.  Grey nodes: vitamin and cofactor metabolism.  Brown nodes: nucleotide and protein metabolism.  Green nodes: lipid metabolism. |
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