TriMet

TriMet
Overview
Locale Portland metropolitan area, Oregon
Transit type
Number of lines
Number of stations
  • Light rail: 97 [2]
  • Commuter rail: 5[2]
Daily ridership 319,700 (Q4 2014, weekday average)[4]
Website trimet.org
Operation
Began operation December 1, 1969[5]
Number of vehicles
  • Buses: 659[2]
  • Light rail: 145[2]
  • Commuter rail: 6[2]
Technical
System length
  • Light rail: 60 miles (97 km)[2]
  • Commuter rail: 14.7 miles (23.7 km)[2]
Track gauge 4 ft 8 1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) (standard gauge)

TriMet, more formally known as the Tri-County Metropolitan Transportation District of Oregon, is a public agency that operates mass transit in a region that spans most of the Portland metropolitan area in the U.S. state of Oregon. Created in 1969 by the Oregon legislature, the district replaced five private bus companies that operated in the three counties; Multnomah, Washington, and Clackamas. TriMet started operating a light rail system named MAX in 1986, which has since been expanded to 5 lines that now cover 59.7 miles (96.1 km), as well as a commuter rail line in 2009. It also provides the operators and maintenance personnel for the City of Portland-owned Portland Streetcar system.

In addition to rail lines, TriMet provides the region's bus system, as well as LIFT paratransit service. There are 659 buses in TriMet's fleet that operate on 78 lines. In Fiscal Year 2013, the entire system averaged almost 316,700 rides per weekday and operates buses and trains between the hours of approximately 5 a.m. and 2 a.m. with no "night owl" service. TriMet's annual budget for FY2014 is $489 million, with over half of revenues coming from a district-wide payroll tax.[6] The district is overseen by a seven-person board of governors appointed by the state's governor. In 2014, the agency has around 2,500 employees.[7]

General information

TriMet is "a municipal corporation of the State of Oregon", with powers to tax, issue bonds, and enact police ordinances and is governed by a seven-member board of directors appointed by the Governor of Oregon.[8] It has its own boundary, which currently encompasses an area of about 533 square miles (1,380 km2).[2] The TriMet district serves portions of the counties of Multnomah, Washington, and Clackamas; it extends from Troutdale to Forest Grove east to west, and from Sauvie Island to Oregon City and Estacada north to south.

For more than 30 years the agency called itself Tri-Met, but it formally dropped the hyphen from its name in 2002, as part of a new corporate identity strategy involving a redesigned logo and new color scheme for its vehicles and other media.[9]

A now-obsolete closed-circuit television bus-schedule service on the Portland Mall in the 1980s
A real-time display of schedule information at a stop on the transit mall in 2009

TriMet was formed in 1969 after disputes between the Portland city council and Rose City Transit Company, the private company that previously operated the bus system serving the city (but not its suburbs).[5] The new public agency was created by an ordinance of the Portland city council, under provisions of a law enacted by the 1969 Oregon Legislature, and took over all of Rose City Transit's service and fleet effective December 1, 1969.[10] Bus service in the suburban portions of the metropolitan area was operated by four smaller private companies which had a common union and were collectively known as the "Blue Bus" lines: Portland Stages, Tualatin Valley Buses, Intercity Buses and Estacada-Molalla Stages. These were taken over by TriMet on September 6, 1970.[11] Eighty-eight buses owned by the four suburban companies were transferred to TriMet,[12] but many were found to be in poor condition[13] and the TriMet board soon took action to replace them with new buses.

TriMet's first paint scheme was this orange and white, worn by all vehicles from 1971 until 1980 and by a portion of the fleet (the oldest buses) until 1991.

As of January 2016, TriMet operates a total of 659 buses on 78 routes, 145 MAX light rail cars on five lines, and 268 LIFT paratransit vehicles.[2] Each of the five MAX and 12 of the bus lines are designated as "Frequent Service" lines, scheduled to operate at headways of 15 minutes or less for most of the service day (service is less frequent in the early morning and late evening).[14]

TriMet connects to several other mass transit systems:[15]

TriMet also links to various local shuttle services operated by the following: Ride Connection, which serves Banks, Gaston, King City and North Plains; the Swan Island Transportation Management Association; the Tualatin Transportation Management Association; Intel; Nike; and Oregon Health & Science University, including the Portland Aerial Tram.

Long-range transportation planning for the metropolitan area is provided by Metro, an elected regional government. Metro also has statutory authority to take over the day-to-day operations of TriMet, but has never exercised that power, as past studies of such a merger have found it to be problematic.[17]

Rail lines

MAX train traveling on the Yellow line (Interstate Avenue)

TriMet runs the MAX Light Rail (short for Metropolitan Area Express) system, and contracts with Portland and Western Railroad to operate the WES Commuter Rail line (short for Westside Express Service). Fares on MAX (as well as WES) are the same as TriMet bus fares, and fare collection uses a proof-of-payment system (or honor system) with ticket vending machines at each station. Fare inspectors patrol the system randomly. Incidents of violence on the system have led to calls for more security,[18] and some have argued that more thorough checking of fares would improve riders' overall feeling of safety.

The TransitTracker system uses satellite tracking on buses and sensors in the MAX tracks to predict arrival times at stops and stations.[19] Additionally, TriMet is partnering with Google Maps to install Bluetooth low energy beacons on MAX platforms, allowing nearby Android device users to directly receive schedule and alert information.[20]

TriMet trains operate using reporting mark TMTC.

TriMet's rail lines include:

Light rail
Commuter rail

From 1991 until 2014,[21][22] TriMet also operated the Portland Vintage Trolley service, which ran on a portion of the MAX system on most weekends.[23] It was reduced to only seven dates per year in 2011 and was discontinued entirely in July 2014.[21][22]

See also: Portland Streetcar (Streetcar lines are owned by the City of Portland, but TriMet is contracted to provide operators and maintenance personnel.[3] TriMet also provides a portion of the funding for the streetcar lines.)

Bus service

A bus stop sign of the current design (2000-present) with frequent service.
A typical TriMet bus stop shelter

As of March 6, 2016, TriMet operates 78 bus routes.[1] Each route is identified by both a number and a name. The numbers are mostly in the range 1–99, but there are currently five routes with three-digit numbers.[1] From 1969 until 1973, TriMet bus routes were named but not numbered, a practice inherited from Rose City Transit and the "Blue Bus" lines, but route numbers were assigned to all routes in August 1973.[24][25]

Twelve bus routes are designated as "Frequent Service Lines", which the agency defines as having a headway of 15 minutes or less most of the service day (service is less frequent in the early morning and late evening).[14] Fifty-eight percent of all bus trips are on the frequent service lines.[14] Bus stops that are served by a frequent service line are identified with additional green sign.

The bus system includes 17 transit centers, that allow passengers to transfer between bus routes and, at many transit centers, MAX routes.

TriMet buses began carrying bicycles on the front in 1992, on a trial basis on eight routes;[26] the experiment was judged a success and within three years the entire bus fleet had been fitted with bike racks.[27] Each rack can hold two bikes.

Fares

Since September 2012, TriMet has used a "flat" fare system, with a single price (for each category of rider: adult, youth, senior or disabled) regardless of the length of the trip, rather than a distance-based fare system. However, the single-fare tickets permit unlimited transfers to other routes within a two-hour period.[28] Previously, the TriMet district was divided into three fare zones, with fares based on the number of zones in which a passenger traveled.[29] Zone 1 consisted of downtown Portland and extending about one to two miles (3 km) out. Zone 2 was a ring around Zone 1 out two to three more miles. Zone 3 wrapped around Zone 2 and consisted of the rest of the system within the suburbs of Portland. Within Zone 1 was Fareless Square, an area in and around downtown within which all rides were free. The zone was created in 1975 and expanded in 2001, but in 2010 it became applicable to light-rail and streetcar service only, no longer to bus service, and renamed the "Free Rail Zone",[30] and in September 2012 it was discontinued entirely.[31]

TriMet tickets and passes are also valid on the Portland Streetcar, which is owned by the City of Portland but operated mostly by TriMet personnel under a contract with the city.[3]

In September 2013, TriMet released a mobile ticketing app, allowing riders to purchase and use tickets for buses, light rail, and commuter rail on their smartphones.[32] The app, called TriMet Tickets, was developed by Portland startup GlobeSherpa at no cost to TriMet. Instead, GlobeSherpa will take a commission on every ticket sale through the app.[33]

An e-fare system is being developed by TriMet, the City of Portland, and C-TRAN that will enable riders to pay with a fare card, near field communication–equipped smartphone, or credit card, using card readers on buses and train platforms.[34] The system is expected to cost $30 million to develop, and will be implemented in phases: employee testing in 2015 after the opening of the MAX Orange Line, public beta testing in 2016, and full implementation in 2017. TriMet listed possible names for the system as 1Pass, Indigo, Umbrella, Via, and Lynx,[35] but it was instead named "Hop Fastpass", said to evoke the hop plant.[36]

Fleet

Buses

1991 Gillig Phantom 30-foot, in TriMet's pre-2002 and post-2002 paint schemes
2009 New Flyer D40LFR
2012 Gillig BRT

As of January 2016, TriMet's fleet includes 659 buses, in lengths of either 40 or 30 feet (12 or 9 meters) for use on traditional fixed-route services.[2] TriMet also owns a fleet of 253 minibuses and 15 vans for use on LIFT Paratransit service.[2]

In 1997, the TriMet board decided that all buses purchased in the future should be low-floor type and equipped with air-conditioning.[37] The decision was for a gradual phase-out of high-floor, non-air-conditioned buses as they reach the ends of their normal lifespan (about 18–20 years) and in 2013 TriMet was anticipating that by 2017 all buses would have low floors without steps.[37][38] TriMet retired its last non-air-conditioned buses in late December 2015.[39] The last series of high-floor buses in service (40-foot Gillig Phantoms built in 1997) were taken out of regular use in June 2016, but with some being kept serviceable[40] for occasional use on temporary shuttles during construction-related disruptions to MAX service planned to take place later in 2016.

TriMet does not currently operate any 60-foot (18 m) articulated buses. However, the Powell–Division Transit and Development Project, a bus rapid transit line currently under development and projected to open in 2020, would add 60-foot (18 m) articulated buses to the TriMet fleet.[41]

While most of TriMet's fleet uses diesel motors for propulsion, the agency has also experimented with hybrid electric buses. The first two hybrid buses were entered service in 2002,[42][43][44] but in 2008 TriMet stated that the buses had not performed sufficiently better than its newest diesel buses to justify the estimated 50-percent-higher purchase cost, and that consequently the agency had no plans to purchase additional hybrid buses at that time.[45] These first two hybrid buses were retired in 2012.[44] However, with hybrid technology having improved since that earlier purchase, TriMet acquired four new hybrid buses in 2012 and placed them into service in January 2013 on line 72,[44][46] a long, mostly level north–south route. TriMet is acquiring four more hybrid buses in 2015 with even greater electronic technology on board.[47]

Since October 30, 2006, all TriMet buses and paratransit minibuses have been fueled by a B5 biodiesel blend.[48] Plans to increase to a B10 or higher mix were later put on hold as a result of cost increases and problems experienced in a trial use of B10 blend in about one-quarter of the fleet.[49]

The agency delayed new bus purchases for four years due to the recession of 2008 and the resulting decrease in income from taxes.[50] In 2012 TriMet began to replace buses on an accelerated schedule.[51] By that time some of the buses in the fleet were more than 20 years old and had become more expensive to maintain and less reliable. The first order of 55 40-foot Gillig buses began to enter service in fall 2012,[52] followed by 70 buses in 2013,[53] 60 in the summer of 2014,[54] followed by another 30 in October 2014.[55] In early 2015, TriMet received its first new 30-foot buses in more than 20 years.[56] These 22 Gillig buses are similar to the rest of TriMet's new buses, but their shorter length allows them to serve routes with tighter turns and difficult terrain.[56]

By mid-2016 TriMet plans to have 326 buses on the road under 4 years old, which will allow the agency to meet the industry standard of an average age of eight years.

TriMet's buses operate out of three garages: Powell Garage to the east, Merlo Garage on the west side, and the Center Street Garage in inner Southeast Portland.

TriMet bus fleet
Year built Make Model Length Fleet number series
(original quantity)
1997 Gillig Phantom 40' 2101–2165 (65)
1998–99 New Flyer D40LF 40' 2201–2318 (118)
2000–01 New Flyer D40LF 40' 2501–2560 (60)
2002 New Flyer D40LF 40' 2601–2655 (55)
2003 New Flyer D40LF 40' 2701–2725 (25)
2005 New Flyer D40LF 40' 2801–2839 (39)
2008–09 New Flyer D40LFR 40' 2901–2940 (40)
2012 Gillig BRT 40' 3001–3051 (51)
2012 Gillig BRT Hybrid 40' 3052–3055 (4)
2013 Gillig BRT 40' 3101–3170 (70)
2014 Gillig BRT 40' 3201–3260 (60)[54]
2014 Gillig BRT 40' 3301–3330 (30)[55]
2015 Gillig BRT 30' 3401–3422 (22)[56]
2015 Gillig BRT Hybrid 40' 3056–3059 (4)
2015 Gillig BRT 40' 3261–3268 (8)
2016 Gillig BRT 40' 3501–3577 (77)[57]

Light rail (MAX)

Main article: MAX Light Rail

Counting the newest series, currently being delivered, there are 145 light rail vehicles, of four general types: TriMet Type 1, Type 2/Type 3 (effectively identical), Type 4 and Type 5.[58][59] The first two cars of Type 5 entered service in April 2015.[60]

MAX light rail vehicle fleet
TriMet
designation 		Car numbers Manufacturer Model no. First used No. of seats/
overall capacity 		Quantity
Type 1 101–126 Bombardier none 1986 76/166 26
Type 2 201–252 Siemens SD660 1997 64/166 52
Type 3 301–327 Siemens SD660 2003 64/166 27
Type 4 401–422 Siemens S70 2009 68/172[61] 22
Type 5 521–538 Siemens S70 2015 72/186[59] 18

Note on capacities:

Commuter rail (WES)

WES Commuter Rail train
Main article: WES Commuter Rail

The commuter rail line between Beaverton and Wilsonville is operated primarily with trains made up from a fleet of four Colorado Railcar Aero diesel multiple unit railcars. TriMet also owns a pair of Budd RDC diesel multiple unit railcars that are used as a backup.

Timeline

One of TriMet's articulated buses, in service 1982–99.
For more than 40 years, until 2015, TriMet's fleet included buses built by Flxible, an example of which is the 1992 Flxible Metro shown in this 2013 photo.
TriMet's Tilikum Crossing, built as part of the MAX Orange Line project, opened in 2015.

Note: Items in the timeline lacking individual citations are taken mostly from TriMet's Rider Insider newsletter, November/December 2004 issue

Future

Under the Powell–Division Transit and Development Project, a new bus rapid transit line is planned to be created between Downtown Portland and Gresham. It would roughly parallel the existing MAX Blue Line, partially replacing the existing Line 4 – Division/Fessenden and becoming the first BRT line operated by TriMet.[85] If the project is approved, it would not be completed until 2021 or later.[86]

Initial plans had the line traveling on Tilikum Crossing, Powell Boulevard and then Division Street to the Gresham Transit Center, terminating at Mt. Hood Community College.[87] Crossing over between Powell and Division would have taken place on either 50th, 52nd, or 82nd Avenue. However, after analysis showed that this routing would increase travel times from Gresham to Portland,[88] the route was redesigned to solely travel along Division Street, dropping the Powell Boulevard portion. Improvements along the segment of Division Street between 82nd Avenue and 8th Avenue would include stop consolidation and traffic signal prioritization.[89] In addition, the extension from the Gresham Transit Center to Mt. Hood Community College was dropped in September 2016 due to concerns over competitiveness for federal transportation funds.[90]

Communities served

The following cities and unincorporated communities (*) are in the TriMet service area:

TriMet buses and commuter rail also serve Wilsonville, Oregon, which is outside the TriMet district, in order to provide connections to transit services operated by SMART in that city.

The Boring area has been removed from the TriMet District effective January 1, 2013.[91]

Criticism and controversies

Operator fatigue

An investigation by The Oregonian in 2013 led to the revelation that some TriMet drivers were working as many as 22 hours in a 24-hour period. There have also been 22 reported cases of drivers falling asleep at the wheel.[92][93][94] In response, the agency adopted a new policy restricting the number of hours a driver is permitted to work within a 24-hour period.[95]

Failure rate of MAX ticket vending machines

A broken TriMet ticket machine at the Beaverton Transit Center WES platform

An investigation by several local Portland news outlets found that several of the MAX Light Rail ticket machines have extremely high failure rates. Many riders have claimed that they have received a fare evasion citation after boarding the MAX train without a fare after they have attempted to pay for a ticket. The official statement from TriMet is to ride to the next MAX station, de-board the train and pay for a ticket there and wait for the next train. This response has been deemed unacceptable both by riders and bus/rail operators. TriMet has begun replacing all of its older machines with newer machines, and cites a 50% drop in complaints.[96]

Sanctioned for illegal employee negotiations behavior

On January 3, 2013 TriMet was found by The Oregon Employment Relations Board to be in violation of ORS 243.672 by restricting the ATU 757 from attending contract negotiation hearings. In retaliation to the ATU filing a ULP earlier in 2010, TriMet implemented a wage freeze requiring all employees to pay their increases in healthcare premiums and changing insurance plans after the union contract expired without first discussing it with the union.

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 "TriMet: Bus Service". Retrieved May 2, 2016.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 "TriMet At-A-Glance". TriMet. January 2016. Retrieved March 28, 2016.
  3. 1 2 3 Austin, David (July 20, 2001). "Streetcar safety". The Oregonian, "Back on Track" special section, p. 20.
  4. ↑ "American Public Transportation Association - Transit Ridership Report - Fourth Quarter 2014" (PDF). American Public Transportation Association. 3 March 2015. p. 25. Retrieved 1 June 2015.
  5. 1 2 3 "The TriMet Story". History. TriMet. Retrieved 2009-10-09.
  6. ↑ "TriMet-At-a-Glance 2014" (PDF). TriMet. February 2014. Retrieved 2014-09-10.
  7. ↑ "New TriMet Budget Promises Improved Service, Cuts To Employee Health Benefits". Oregon Public Broadcasting. March 12, 2014. Retrieved September 8, 2014.
  8. ↑ Board of Directors. TriMet
  9. 1 2 Leeson, Fred (August 14, 2002). "Tri-Met is changing its stripes". The Oregonian. Retrieved 2009-08-16. (subscription required (help)).
  10. ↑ "Tri-Met Takes Bus Control; Strike Averted" (December 1, 1969). The Oregonian, p. 1.
  11. ↑ "Federman, Stan (September 2, 1970). "Tri-Met Action Averts Strike Of Bus Drivers; Agency To Assume Operation Of Four Suburban Blue Lines". The Oregonian, p. 1.
  12. ↑ "Tri-Met To Get Blue Buses Sunday; New Suburban Runs To Start Tuesday" (September 5, 1970). The Oregonian, p.15.
  13. 1 2 "Tri-Met Takes Over Operation Of Blue Buses, Finds Rolling Stock In Bad Condition" (September 9, 1970). The Oregonian, p. 9.
  14. 1 2 3 "TriMet: Frequent Service Lines". Retrieved September 12, 2015.
  15. ↑ Other Local Transit Services. TriMet. Retrieved 2009-10-02.
  16. ↑ "Schedules & Routes". Columbia County Rider. 2014. Retrieved March 28, 2014.
  17. ↑ Stan Federman (January 18, 1988). "Pathway to altar for Tri-Met, Metro filled with financial, legal potholes". The Oregonian.
  18. ↑ S. Renee Mitchell (December 13, 2007). "TriMet Safety". The Oregonian.
  19. ↑ "TransitTracker". TriMet. Retrieved 5 April 2015.
  20. ↑ Fetsch, Mary (March 9, 2015). "TriMet to provide riders with another way to access real-time transit information". TriMet. Retrieved 5 April 2015.
  21. 1 2 "Vintage Trolley Has Ceased Operation". Portland Vintage Trolley website. September 2014. Retrieved January 2, 2015.
  22. 1 2 "Portland double-track is brought into use". Tramways & Urban Transit. LRTA Publishing. November 2014. p. 454.
  23. ↑ Tramways & Urban Transit, February 2014, p. 92. UK: LRTA Publishing Ltd.
  24. 1 2 "Tri-Met directors discontinue little-used experimental route" (August 7, 1973). The Oregonian, p. 15.
  25. 1 2 "Take a number .... It's a winner" (August 28, 1973). Tri-Met advertisement in The Oregonian, Section 2, p. 6.
  26. 1 2 Walker, Dee J. (June 18, 1992). "Tri-Met to kick off one-year trial of bike project". The Oregonian, p. C6.
  27. ↑ "People will bike, walk" (editorial, February 21, 1995). The Oregonian, p. B6.
  28. ↑ "Fares: 2-Hour Ticket". TriMet. 2013. Retrieved August 14, 2013.
  29. ↑ Fare Zones. TriMet
  30. ↑ "Better have that bus fare today; Fareless Square ends". Portland Tribune. January 3, 2010. Retrieved August 14, 2013.
  31. ↑ Bailey Jr., Everton (August 30, 2012). "TriMet boosts most fares starting Saturday; some routes changing". The Oregonian. Retrieved August 14, 2013.
  32. ↑ Barry, Keith (September 16, 2013). "Portlandia, Rejoice! Smartphone Fare System Coming to Mass Transit". Wired Magazine. Retrieved 5 April 2015.
  33. ↑ Rose, Joseph (May 13, 2013). "TriMet unveils e-ticket app from Portland's GlobeSherpa, says technology is future of fares (video)". The Oregonian. Retrieved 5 April 2015.
  34. ↑ "We're building a new, state-of-the-art electronic fare system". TriMet. Retrieved 5 April 2015.
  35. ↑ Rose, Joseph (November 11, 2014). "Lynx? Umbrella? 1Pass? TriMet's e-fare names are sorta lame. Can you do better? (poll)". The Oregonian. Retrieved 5 April 2015.
  36. ↑ Njus, Eliot (September 3, 2015). "TriMet's new electronic fare system dubbed 'Hop Fastpass'". The Oregonian. Retrieved September 4, 2015.
  37. 1 2 Oliver, Gordon (June 26, 1997). "Tri-Met steers toward easy-access, air-conditioned fleet". The Oregonian, p. D1.
  38. ↑ "The first batch of 70 new buses rolls into service Tuesday, July 23". July 22, 2013. Retrieved September 10, 2014.
  39. ↑ "The Year in Review: 2015". How We Roll. TriMet. December 31, 2015. Retrieved 2016-01-11.
  40. ↑ "Renewing our bus fleet". TriMet. July 12, 2016. Retrieved 2016-08-27.
  41. ↑ "Powell-Division Transit and Development Project". Metro. Retrieved February 18, 2016.
  42. ↑ Boone, Jerry F. (May 6, 2002). "Tri-Met rolls out diesel-electric bus". The Oregonian.
  43. ↑ Tribune staff (May 10, 2002). "PDX Update". Portland Tribune. Archived from the original on June 8, 2011. Retrieved April 5, 2015.
  44. 1 2 3 4 "Building a better bus". TriMet. 2013. Retrieved August 13, 2013.
  45. ↑ Hansen, Fred (TriMet General Manager, op-ed column) (April 1, 2008). "TriMet stays innovative". Portland Tribune. Retrieved April 5, 2015.
  46. 1 2 Oberman, Lily (January 31, 2013). "TriMet unveils new hybrid buses; transit union responds with safety concerns". The Oregonian. Retrieved August 13, 2013.
  47. ↑ Murphy, Angela (5 June 2014). "Our new buses are hitting the road!". TriMet. Retrieved 8 June 2015. Mid-2015: 4 hybrid buses will be delivered.
  48. 1 2 "TriMet becomes state's #1 biodiesel fuel user". TriMet. October 30, 2006. Archived from the original on June 7, 2011. Retrieved April 5, 2015.
  49. ↑ Budnick, Nick (May 15, 2008). "TriMet's biodiesel ambitions hit wall". Portland Tribune. Archived from the original on June 8, 2011. Retrieved April 5, 2015.
  50. ↑ Murphy, Angela (20 June 2013). "New TriMet buses to begin service in less than a month". TriMet. Retrieved 8 June 2015.
  51. ↑ Angela, Murphy (26 September 2013). "New TriMet buses will continue to roll into service every year through 2019". TriMet. Retrieved 8 June 2015.
  52. ↑ Rose, Joseph (October 3, 2012). "TriMet rolls out new state-of-the-art buses in Portland on Thursday". The Oregonian. p. C2. Retrieved November 16, 2012.
  53. ↑ Rose, Joseph (July 23, 2013). "A new look and a new ping for TriMet's buses". The Oregonian. p. 1. Retrieved August 13, 2013.
  54. 1 2 "Our new buses are hitting the road! The first of 60 new buses went into service this morning". TriMet. June 5, 2014. Retrieved 2014-08-10.
  55. 1 2 "TriMet's newest fleet of buses begins to roll into service". TriMet. October 10, 2014. Retrieved 2014-10-12.
  56. 1 2 3 Murphy, Angela (24 March 2015). "New 30-foot TriMet buses are now in service in areas with tighter turns and terrain". TriMet. Retrieved 2 April 2015.
  57. ↑ "First Batch of New Buses Take to The Streets". How We Roll. TriMet. February 17, 2016. Retrieved 2016-02-18.
  58. ↑ Vincent, John M. (September 10, 2015). "Orange Line brings new railcars, updated originals". Portland catches the Orange Line. Portland Tribune. Portland, Oregon: Pamplin Media Group. pp. 44–45.
  59. 1 2 "PMLR Type 5 LRV Fact Sheet" (PDF). TriMet. March 2015. Retrieved May 3, 2015.
  60. ↑ Tramways & Urban Transit magazine, July 2015, p. 289. UK: LRTA Publishing. ISSN 1460-8324.
  61. ↑ "MAX: The Next Generation". TriMet. 2009. Archived from the original on August 31, 2009. Retrieved 2015-04-04.
  62. 1 2 Colby, Richard (January 12, 1975). "Tri-Met eliminates fare zones, offers free rides downtown". The Sunday Oregonian, p. A38.
  63. 1 2 Hortsch, Dan (August 27, 1978). "Tri-Met riders will start paying higher fares on Sept. 3". The Sunday Oregonian, p. B7.
  64. ↑ "Mall makes it". (December 12, 1977). The Oregonian, p. A1.
  65. ↑ "Mall enters future - and it works!" (March 19, 1978). The Sunday Oregonian, p. M11. Excerpt: "Although the Portland Mall has [now] been officially dedicated, it has been in full operation since December."
  66. ↑ Federman, Stan (January 24, 1982). "Introduction of articulated buses kicks off Tri-Met expansion". The Oregonian, p. B1.
  67. ↑ Federman, Stan (March 4, 1984). "No wonder the sour look: Tri-Met bendable buses 'lemons'". The Sunday Oregonian, p. 1.
  68. ↑ Federman, Stan (November 5, 1985). "Tri-Met sues over articulated bus defects". The Oregonian.
  69. ↑ Federman, Stan (August 29, 1982). "All eyes will be on Tri-Met's new self-service plan". The Sunday Oregonian, p. C2.
  70. ↑ Federman, Stan (June 16, 1984). "Inspectors bid goodbye to Tri-Met test". The Oregonian, p. C5.
  71. ↑ Federman, Stan (May 23, 1986). "Tri-Met plans to lay off 81, cut bus lines". The Oregonian, p. A1.
  72. 1 2 Hayakawa, Alan R. (July 1, 1986). "Tri-Met approves $71.9 million budget". The Oregonian, p.B1.
  73. ↑ "Transit professionals single out Tri-Met" (September 27, 1989). The Oregonian.
  74. ↑ Oliver, Gordon (August 18, 1996). "Tri-Met adopts global technology to track bus fleet". The Oregonian, p. D1.
  75. ↑ O'Keefe, Mark (September 1, 1997). "New MAX cars smooth the way for wheelchairs". The Oregonian, p. B12.
  76. ↑ "Easy-access buses hit the streets in Portland" (December 15, 1997). The Oregonian.
  77. ↑ Redden, Jim (January 12, 2007). "Bye-bye, bus mall as we know it". Portland Tribune. Retrieved April 4, 2015.
  78. ↑ Redden, Jim (May 21, 2009). "TriMet: Mall can be safe, orderly". Portland Tribune. Retrieved April 4, 2015.
  79. ↑ Rivera, Dylan (May 28, 2009). "TriMet adopts cuts, warns of more later". The Oregonian, p. B1.
  80. ↑ Rivera, Dylan (August 12, 2009). "The days of a free bus ride are over". The Oregonian. Retrieved 2009-08-13.
  81. ↑ Tribune staff (August 28, 2009). "New MAX line opens downtown". Portland Tribune. Retrieved April 4, 2015.
  82. ↑ Rivera, Dylan (September 12, 2009). "Riders pack MAX Green Line on first day of service". The Oregonian. Retrieved 2009-09-27.
  83. ↑ Redden, Jim (September 13, 2009). "Leaders heap praise on new MAX Green Line". Portland Tribune. Archived from the original on June 8, 2011. Retrieved 2014-05-13.
  84. ↑ Njus, Elliot (September 12, 2015). "The wait's over: TriMet's Orange Line, Tilikum Crossing up and running". The Oregonian. Retrieved September 16, 2015.
  85. ↑ "Powell-Division Transit and Development Project". Metro. Retrieved 20 July 2015.
  86. ↑ Njus, Eliot (March 23, 2016). "Metro, TriMet bus rapid transit goes back to the drawing board". The Oregonian. p. A6. Retrieved 2016-03-27.
  87. ↑ "Transit Action Plan" (PDF). Powell-Division Transit and Development Project. Metro. June 2015. Retrieved 20 July 2015.
  88. ↑ Njus, Elliot (March 23, 2016). "Powell-Division rapid bus proposal would be slower than existing bus". The Oregonian. Retrieved November 3, 2016.
  89. ↑ Njus, Elliot (May 26, 2016). "Powell likely to be dropped from Powell-Division rapid bus project". The Oregonian. Retrieved November 3, 2016.
  90. ↑ Njus, Elliot (September 8, 2016). "Proposal would cut Mt. Hood Community College from planned rapid-bus route". The Oregonian. Retrieved November 3, 2016.
  91. ↑ Fuggetta, Emily (December 14, 2011). "TriMet board votes to approve Boring withdrawal". The Oregonian. Retrieved January 3, 2013.
  92. ↑ Rose, Joseph. "TriMet board member demands action in light of investigation by The Oregonian." Oregonian. 09 2013: n. page. Web. 10 Jan. 2013. http://www.oregonlive.com/roadreport/index.ssf/2013/01/trimet_board_member_demands_ac.html
  93. ↑ Rose, Joseph. "TriMet driver fatigue: Reaction to The Oregonian's 'culture of exhaustion' investigation." Oregonian. 09 2013: n. page. Web. 10 Jan. 2013. <http://blog.oregonlive.com/commuting/2013/01/trimet_fatigue_reaction_to_the.html>.
  94. ↑ Rose, Joseph. "TriMet overtime: 'Exhaustion has become part of the culture' at transit agency." Oregonian. 05 2013: n. page. Web. 10 Jan. 2013. <http://www.oregonlive.com/roadreport/index.ssf/2013/01/trimet_overtime_exhaustion_has.html>.
  95. ↑ Joseph, Joseph (December 23, 2013). "TriMet driver fatigue: New work rules spurred by Oregonian investigation end marathon shifts behind the wheel". The Oregonian. Retrieved May 17, 2015.
  96. ↑ "Transit Investment Priorities (TIP) FY15". TriMet. Retrieved 30 December 2014.
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