United States House of Representatives elections, 1892

November 8, 1892^{[Note 1]}

All 356 seats in the U.S. House of Representatives 179 seats needed for a majority

	Majority party	Minority party

Leader	Charles Frederick Crisp	Thomas Brackett Reed
Party	Democratic	Republican
Leader's seat	Georgia-3rd	Maine-1st
Last election	238 seats	86 seats
Seats won	220^[1]^{[Note 2]}^{[Note 3]}	124^[1]^{[Note 2]}
Seat change	18	38

	Third party	Fourth party

Leader	Jerry Simpson	Francis G. Newlands
Party	Populist	Silver
Leader's seat	Kansas-7th	Nevada-AL
Last election	8 seats	0
Seats won	11^[1]	1^[1]
Seat change	3	1

Speaker before election

Charles Crisp
Democratic

Elected Speaker

Charles Crisp
Democratic

Elections to the United States House of Representatives were held in 1892 for members of the 53rd Congress, taking place at the same time as the election of Grover Cleveland as President for the second, non-continuous, time, defeating incumbent Benjamin Harrison.

In spite of the presidential results, Harrison's Republican Party gained back some of the seats that had been lost in 1890 to the Democratic Party, but was still deep in the minority. The Republican pickups were a result of a number of Republican-friendly Northern districts reverting to form after voting Democratic in the previous election cycle. The third party Populists, who had high support among farmers and laborers in the South and West, also gained two seats.

Election summaries

This was the first election after reapportionment following the 1890 Census. Twenty-four new seats were added,^[2] with 13 States gaining one seat each, two States gaining 2 seats each, and one state gaining 3 seats, and the remaining 28 states having no change. Several states did not redistrict following the apportionment of extra seats, and elected those new seats at-large.

↓
218	2	11	1	124
Democratic	ID	P	S	Republican

State	Type	Total seats		Democratic	Republican	Populist
State	Type	Seats	Change	Seats	Change	Seats	Change	Seats	Change
Alabama	District	9	1	9	1	0		0
Arkansas	District	6	1	6	1	0		0
California	District	7	1	4	2	2	2	1	1
Colorado	District^{[Note 4]}	2	1	0		0	1	2	2
Connecticut	District	4		3		1		0
Delaware	At-large	1		1		0		0
Florida	District	2		2		0		0
Georgia	District	11	1	11	2	0		0
Idaho	At-large	1		0		1		0
Illinois	District +2 at-large^{[Note 5]}	22	2	11	3	11	5	0
Indiana	District	13		11		2		0
Iowa	District	11		1	5	10	5	0
Kansas	District +at-large^{[Note 5]}	8	1	1	1	2		5
Kentucky	District	11		10		1		0
Louisiana	District	6		6		0		0
Maine^{[Note 6]}	District	4		0		4		0
Maryland	District	6		6		0		0
Massachusetts	District	13	1	3^{[Note 7]}	4	10	5	0
Michigan	District	12	1	5	2	7	3	0
Minnesota	District	7	2	2	1	4	3	1
Mississippi	District	7		7		0		0
Missouri	District	15	1	14		1	1	0
Montana	At-large	1		0	1	1	1	0
Nebraska	District	6	3	1		3	3	2
Nevada	At-large	1^{[Note 8]}		0		0	1	0
New Hampshire	District	2		0	2	2	2	0
New Jersey	District	8	1	6	1	2		0
New York	District	34		20	3	14	3	0
North Carolina	District	9		8		1		0
North Dakota	At-large	1		0		1		0
Ohio	District	21		11	3	10	3	0
Oregon^{[Note 6]}	District^{[Note 4]}	2	1	0		2	1	0
Pennsylvania	District +2 at-large^{[Note 5]}	30	2	10^{[Note 7]}		20	2	0
Rhode Island	District	2		2		0		0
South Carolina	District	7		6	1	1	1	0
South Dakota	At-large	2		0		2		0
Tennessee	District	10		8		2		0
Texas	District	13	2	13	2	0		0
Vermont^{[Note 6]}	District	2		0		2		0
Virginia	District	10		10		0		0
Washington	At-large	2	1	0		2	1	0
West Virginia	District	4		4		0		0
Wisconsin	District	10	1	6	2	4	3	0
Wyoming	At-large	1		1	1	0	1	0
Total		356	24	220^[1]^{[Note 3]} 61.8%	23	124^[1] 34.83%	45	11^[1] 3.1%	3

House seats

Democratic			61.80%
Republican			34.83%
Populist			3.09%
Silver			0.28%

The previous election of 1890 saw the election of eight Populists, but no other third party or independent members.

[[Image:53 us house membership.png|thumb|500px|

House seats by party holding plurality in state
80.1-100% Democratic	80.1-100% Populist	80.1-100% Republican
60.1-80% Democratic	60.1-80% Populist	60.1-80% Republican
Up to 60% Democratic		Up to 60% Republican

]]

[[Image:53 us house changes.png|thumb|right|450px|

Net gain in party representation
6+ Democratic gain		6+ Republican gain
3-5 Democratic gain		3-5 Republican gain
1-2 Democratic gain	1-2 Populist gain	1-2 Republican gain
no net change

]]

Early election dates

In 1892, three states, with 8 seats among them, held elections early:

June 6 Oregon
September 6 Vermont
September 12 Maine

Complete returns

California

Main article: United States House of Representatives elections in California, 1892

One new seat was added in reapportionment. Democrats had a net gain of one seat (taken from a Republican), and Populists gained a seat in the new district.

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
California 1	Thomas J. Geary	Democratic	1890	Re-elected	Thomas J. Geary (D) 56.8% E. W. Davis (R) 38.6% C. C. Swafford (Pop) 4.6%
California 2	Anthony Caminetti	Democratic	1890	Re-elected	Anthony Caminetti (D) 53.2% John F. Davis (R) 43.1% C. H. Dunn (Pr) 3.4% J. H. White (I) 0.3%
California 3	Samuel G. Hilborn	Republican	1890	Re-elected	Samuel G. Hilborn (R) 43.2% Warren B. English (D) 43.1% J. L. Lyon (Pop) 11.5% L. B. Scranton (Pr) 2.2%
California 4	John T. Cutting	Republican	1890	Retired Democratic gain	James G. Maguire (D) 49.2% Charles O. Alexander (R) 43.4% Edgar P. Burman (Pop) 6.5% Henry Collins (Pr) 1%
California 5	Eugene F. Loud	Republican	1890	Re-elected	Eugene F. Loud (R) 46.4% J. W. Ryland (D) 43.3% Jonas Morrison (Pop) 7.9% William Kelly (Pr) 2.4%
California 6	None (District created)			New seat Populist gain	Marion Cannon (Pop) 56.3% Hervey Lindley (R) 38.8% O. R. Dougherty (Pr) 4.9%
California 7	William W. Bowers (Redistricted from the 6th district)	Republican	1890	Re-elected	William W. Bowers (R) 41.6% Olin Wellborn (D) 39% Hiram Hamilton (Pop) 14.6% M. B. Harris (Pr) 4.8%

Florida

Main article: United States House of Representatives elections in Florida, 1892

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Florida 1	Stephen R. Mallory	Democratic	1890	Re-elected	Stephen R. Mallory (D) 99.2% Others 0.8%
Florida 2	Robert Bullock	Democratic	1888	Retired Democratic hold	Charles Merian Cooper (D) 76.0% Austin S. Mann (Pop) 24.0%

Ohio

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates^[3]
Ohio 1	Bellamy Storer	Republican	1890	Re-elected	Bellamy Storer (R) 51.6% Robert B. Bowler (D) 48.4%
Ohio 2	John A. Caldwell	Republican	1888	Re-elected	John A. Caldwell (R) 52.6% Charles T. Greve (D) 47.4%
Ohio 3	George W. Houk	Democratic	1890	Re-elected	George W. Houk (D) 54.8% Charles C. Donley (R) 45.2%
Ohio 4	Martin K. Gantz	Democratic	1890	Lost re-nomination Democratic loss	Fernando C. Layton (D) 61.4% C. S. Mauk (R) 38.6%
Ohio 4	Fernando C. Layton Redistricted from the 5th district	Democratic	1890	Re-elected	Fernando C. Layton (D) 61.4% C. S. Mauk (R) 38.6%
Ohio 5	Dennis D. Donovan Redistricted from the 6th district	Democratic	1890	Re-elected	Dennis D. Donovan (D) 56.6% George L. Griffith (R) 43.4%
Ohio 6	John M. Pattison Redistricted from the 11 district	Democratic	1890	Lost re-election Republican gain	George W. Hulick (R) 54.1% John M. Pattison (D) 45.9%
Ohio 7	William E. Haynes	Democratic	1890	Retired Republican gain	George W. Wilson (R) 53.2% Martin K. Gantz (D) 46.8%
Ohio 8	None (District created)			New seat Republican gain	Luther M. Strong (R) 54.2% Fremont Arford (D) 45.8%
Ohio 9	None (District created)			New seat Democratic gain	Byron F. Ritchie (D) 50.02% James Mitchell Ashley (R) 49.98%
Ohio 10	Robert E. Doan	Republican	1890	Lost renomination Republican loss	William H. Enochs (R) 56.2% James I. Dungan (D) 43.8%
	William H. Enochs Redistricted from the 12th district	Republican	1890	Re-elected
	James I. Dungan Redistricted from the 13th district	Democratic	1890	Lost re-election Democratic loss
Ohio 11	None (District created)			New seat Republican gain	Charles H. Grosvenor (R) 53.6% Charles E. Peoples (D) 46.4%
Ohio 12	Joseph H. Outhwaite Redistricted from the 9th district	Democratic	1890	Re-elected	Joseph H. Outhwaite (D) 54.4% Edward N. Huggins (R) 45.6%
Ohio 13	Darius D. Hare Redistricted from the 8th district	Democratic	1890	Re-elected	Darius D. Hare (D) 58.6% Linn W. Hull (R) 41.4%
Ohio 14	James W. Owens	Democratic	1890	Retired Democratic loss	Michael D. Harter (D) 52.2% Elizur G. Johnson (R) 47.8%
Ohio 14	Michael D. Harter Redistricted from the 15th district	Democratic	1890	Re-elected
Ohio 15	None (District created)			New seat Republican gain	H. Clay Van Voorhis (R) 51.6% Milton Turner (D) 48.4%
Ohio 16	Lewis P. Ohliger	Democratic	1892 (s)	Lost renomination Democratic loss	Albert J. Pearson (D) 50.06% Christian L. Poorman (R) 49.94%
Ohio 16	Albert J. Pearson	Democratic	1890	Re-elected
Ohio 17	None (District created)			New seat Democratic gain	James A. D. Richards (D) 58.0% Arthur H. Walkey (R) 42.0%
Ohio 18	Joseph D. Taylor	Republican	1890	Retired Democratic gain	George P. Ikirt (D) 51.4% Thomas R. Morgan (R) 48.6%
Ohio 19	Ezra B. Taylor	Republican	1880 (s)	Retired Republican hold	Stephen A. Northway (R) 59.8% A. H. Tidball (D) 40.2%
Ohio 20	Vincent A. Taylor	Republican	1890	retired Republican Hold	William J. White (R) 51.4% John S. Ellen (D) 48.6%
Ohio 21	Tom L. Johnson	Democratic	1890	Re-elected	Tom L. Johnson (D) 55.1% Orlando J. Hodge (R) 44.9%

South Carolina

Main article: United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina, 1890

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
South Carolina 1	William H. Brawley	Democratic	1890	Re-elected	William H. Brawley (D) 99.8% Others 0.2%
South Carolina 2	George D. Tillman	Democratic	1878	Lost primary Democratic hold	W. Jasper Talbert (D) 99.6% Others 0.4%
South Carolina 3	George Johnstone	Democratic	1890	Lost primary Democratic hold	Asbury Latimer (D) 91.2% John R. Tolbert (R) 8.6% Others 0.2%
South Carolina 4	George W. Shell	Democratic	1890	Re-elected	George W. Shell (D) 85.7% Joshua A. T. Ensor (R) 14.3%
South Carolina 5	John J. Hemphill	Democratic	1882	Lost primary Democratic hold	Thomas J. Strait (D) 80.7% E. Brooks Sligh (R) 19.3%
South Carolina 6	Previous incumbent Eli T. Stackhouse (R) died June 14, 1892			Democratic hold	John L. McLaurin^{[Note 9]} (D) 84.6% E. J. Sawyer (R) 15.3% Others 0.1%
South Carolina 7	William Elliott	Democratic	1890	Retired Republican gain	George W. Murray (R) 50.0% E. W. Moise (D) 49.6% Others 0.4%

Notes

↑ Three states held early elections between June 6 and September 12.
1 2 Dubin (p. 303) records 214 Democrats, 2 Independent Democrats, 127 Republicans, 11 Populists, and 1 Silver at the opening of the 53rd Congress, before several contested elections overturned a few results..
1 2 Includes 2 Independent Democrats: Michael J. McEttrick elected to MA-10, and William McAleer elected to PA-03.
1 2 Changed from at-large district.
1 2 3 Additional seat or seats elected at-large due to failure of State to redistrict.
1 2 3 Elections held early.
1 2 Includes 1 Independent Democrat.
↑ Nevada elected Francis G. Newlands, a member of the Silver Party.
↑ Also elected in special election for 52nd Congress

References

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Martis, pp. 146–147.
↑ "1890 Apportionment act" (pdf). United States Census Bureau.
↑ Smith, Joseph P, ed. (1898). History of the Republican Party in Ohio. I. Chicago: the Lewis Publishing Company. pp. 630–632.

Bibliography

Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company. ISBN 978-0786402830.
Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989. Macmillan Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0029201701.
Moore, John L., ed. (1994). Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections (Third ed.). Congressional Quarterly Inc. ISBN 978-0871879967.
"Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, House of United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 21, 2015.

External links

Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)

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