United States House of Representatives elections, 1830

United States House of Representatives elections, 1830

July 5, 1830 - October 3, 1831

All 213 seats to the United States House of Representatives 107 seats were needed for a majority   Majority party Minority party   Leader Andrew Stevenson John W. Taylor Party Jacksonian Anti-Jacksonian Leader's seat Virginia-9th New York-17th Last election 136 seats 72 seats Seats won 126 66 Seat change 10 6   Third party Fourth party   Leader Phineas L. Tracy John K. Griffin Party Anti-Masonic Nullifier Leader's seat New York-29th South Carolina-9th Last election 5 seats 0 seats Seats won 17 4 Seat change 12 4

Speaker before election Andrew Stevenson Jacksonian Elected Speaker Andrew Stevenson Jacksonian

In the United States House of Representatives elections of 1830 the supporters of President Andrew Jackson lost ten seats, but managed to maintain control of the chamber amidst the growth of two new opposition movements.

The brass style of Congress during the administration of Andrew Jackson caused a number of Americans to become dissatisfied with the government and both of the major parties. Anger over the Tariff of 1828 also provided a major issue, particularly in the agricultural South. The Democrats remained firmly in control of the House, but lost several seats, as did the minority Anti-Jacksonians. The Anti-Masonic Party, an aspiring third party which was based on a single issue (distrust of Freemasonry), was actually able to gain a dozen seats, and four South Carolina Congressman who called themselves Nullifiers (based on the principle of states' rights) were also elected. Thus, this was the first election in the House where both major parties lost seats at the same time; this would not occur again until the 1854 elections.

Election summaries

↓

126	4	17	66
Jacksonian	N	AM	Anti-Jacksonian

State	Type	Date	Total seats	Jacksonian	Anti-Jacksonian	Anti-Masonic	Nullifier
				Seats	Change	Seats	Change	Seats	Change	Seats	Change
Delaware	At-large	November 13, 1830	1	0		1		0		0
Georgia	At-large	October 4, 1830	7	7		0		0		0
Louisiana	District (3)	July 5–7, 1830	3	1		2		0		0
Maine	District (7)	September 13, 1830	7	6	2	1	2	0		0
Massachusetts	District (13)	November 1, 1830	13	0		13		0		0
Mississippi	At-large	August 2–3, 1830	1	1		0		0		0
New Jersey	At-large	November 6, 1830	6	0		6		0		0
New York	District (30[Note 1])	November 1–3, 1830	34	23	3	3	8	8	5	0
Ohio	District (14)	October 12, 1830	14	6	2	8	2	0		0
Pennsylvania	District (18[Note 2])	October 12, 1830	26	17	7	2	1	7	6	0
South Carolina	District (9)	October 11–12, 1830	9	5	4	0		0		4	4
Vermont	District (5)	September 6, 1830	5	0		3	1	2	1	0
1831 elections
Alabama	District (3)	August 1, 1831	3	3		0		0		0
Connecticut	At-large	April 14, 1831	6	0		6		0		0
Illinois	At-large	August 1, 1831	1	1		0		0		0
Indiana	District (3)	August 5, 1831	3	3	2	0	2	0		0
Kentucky	District (12)	August 1, 1831	12	8	2	4	2	0		0
Maryland	District (8[Note 3])	October 3, 1831	9	4	2	5	2	0		0
Missouri	At-large	August 2, 1831	1	1		0		0		0
New Hampshire	At-large	March 8, 1831	6	6		0		0		0
North Carolina	District (13)	August 11, 1831	13	11	1	2	1	0		0
Rhode Island	At-large	August 23, 1831	2	0		2		0		0
Tennessee	District (9)	August 4–5, 1831	9	8		1		0		0
Virginia	District (22)	April, 1831	22	17	1	5	1	0		0
Total			213	126 59.2%	10	66 31.0%	6	17 8.0%	12	4 1.9%	4

House seats
Jacksonian			59.15%
Anti-Jacksonian			30.99%
Anti-Masonic			7.98%
Nullifier			1.88%

Complete results

Alabama

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Alabama 1st Known as the Northern District	Clement C. Clay	Jacksonian	1829	Re-elected	√ Clement C. Clay (J) 100.00%
Alabama 2nd Known as the Middle District	Robert E. B. Baylor	Jacksonian	1825	Lost re-election Jacksonian hold	√ Samuel W. Mardis (J) 41.58% Jesse W. Garth (NR) 35.51% Robert E. B. Baylor (J) 22.92%
Alabama 3rd Known as the Southern District	Dixon Hall Lewis	Jacksonian	1829	Re-elected	√ Dixon Hall Lewis (J) 57.64% John Murphy (J) 42.36%

Connecticut

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Connecticut At-Large 6 seats on a general ticket	Ralph I. Ingersoll	Adams	1825	Re-elected	√ Noyes Barber (AJ) 14.55% √ Ralph I. Ingersoll (AJ) 14.54% √ Jabez W. Huntington (AJ) 13.33% √ William W. Ellsworth (AJ) 13.31% √ William L. Storrs (AJ) 13.09% √ Ebenezer Young (AJ) 1.93% Isaac Toucey (J) 7.04% Simeon Minor (J) 7.04% Elisha Halsey (J) 6.33% William Hollabird (J) 4.88% Thaddeus Betts 3.95%
	Noyes Barber	Adams	1821	Re-elected
	Ebenezer Young	Adams	1829	Re-elected
	Jabez W. Huntington	Adams	1829	Re-elected
	William L. Storrs	Adams	1829	Re-elected
	William W. Ellsworth	Adams	1829	Re-elected

Delaware

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Delaware At-Large	Kensey Johns	Anti-Jacksonian	1827 (Special)	Retired Anti-Jacksonian hold	√ John J. Milligan (AJ) 52.68% Henry M. Ridgely (D) 47.32%

Pennsylvania

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates[1][Note 4]
Pennsylvania 1	Joel B. Sutherland	Jacksonian	1826	Re-elected	Joel B. Sutherland (J) 66.2% Stephen Simpson (AJ) 33.8%
Pennsylvania 2	Joseph Hemphill	Jacksonian	1800 1828	Retired Jacksonian hold	Henry Horn (J) 55.6% Daniel W. Coxe (AJ) 44.4%
Pennsylvania 3	Daniel H. Miller	Jacksonian	1822	Lost re-election Anti-Jacksonian gain	John G. Watmough (AJ) 54.1% Daniel H. Miller (J) 45.9%
Pennsylvania 4 Plural district with 3 seats	James Buchanan	Jacksonian	1820	Retired Anti-Masonic gain	William Hiester (AM) 52.4% Joshua Evans, Jr. (J) 50.4% David Potts, Jr. (AM) 49.1% Edward Darlington (AM) 49.0% Samuel Boyd (J) 47.3% Archibald T. Dick (J) 37.1% Samuel Edwards (F) 14.6%
	Joshua Evans, Jr.	Jacksonian	1828	Re-elected
	George G. Leiper	Jacksonian	1828	Retired Anti-Masonic gain
Pennsylvania 5	John B. Sterigere	Jacksonian	1826	Retired Jacksonian hold	Joel K. Mann (J) 56.4% John Freedly (AM) 43.6%
Pennsylvania 6	Innis Green	Jacksonian	1826	Retired Jacksonian hold	John C. Bucher (J) 54.4% Valentine Hummel (AJ) 45.6%
Pennsylvania 7 Plural district with 2 seats	Joseph Fry, Jr.	Jacksonian	1826	Retired Jacksonian hold	Henry A. P. Muhlenberg (J) 58.3% Henry King (J) 55.0% John Bentenman (AM) 44.2% Walter C. Livingston (AM) 42.5%
	Henry A. P. Muhlenberg	Jacksonian	1828	Re-elected
Pennsylvania 8 Plural district with 2 seats	Peter Ihrie, Jr.	Jacksonian	1829 (special)	Re-elected	Peter Ihrie, Jr. (J) 61.0% Samuel A. Smith (J) 48.1% Lewis A. Coryell (D?) 33.4% Christian J. Hutter (D?) 29.7% James M. Porter (AJ) 18.4% Stephen Brock (AJ) 9.4%
	Samuel A. Smith	Jacksonian	1829 (special)	Re-elected
Pennsylvania 9 Plural district with 3 seats	Philander Stephens	Jacksonian	1828	Re-elected	Lewis Dewart (D[Note 5]) 99.0% Philander Stephens (J) 69.6% James Ford (J) 68.4% John Burrows (AJ) 32.3% George Walker (AJ) 30.7%
	James Ford	Jacksonian	1828	Re-elected
	Alem Marr	Jacksonian	1828	Retired Jacksonian hold
Pennsylvania 10	Adam King	Jacksonian	1826	Re-elected	Adam King (J) 58.6% William McIlvine (AJ) 41.4%
Pennsylvania 11 Plural district with 2 seats	Thomas H. Crawford	Jacksonian	1828	Re-elected	Thomas H. Crawford (J) 60.1% William Ramsey (J) 59.2% Jacob Alter (AM) 40.5% Robert Smith (AM) 40.1%
	William Ramsey	Jacksonian	1826	Re-elected[Note 6]
Pennsylvania 12	John Scott	Jacksonian	1828	Lost re-election Anti-Masonic gain	Robert Allison (AM) 55.1% John Scott (J) 44.9%
Pennsylvania 13	Chauncey Forward	Jacksonian	1826	Retired Anti-Jacksonian gain	George Burd (AJ) 50.2% David Mann (AM) 48.5% Reynolds[Note 7] 1.3%
Pennsylvania 14	Thomas Irwin	Jacksonian	1828	Lost re-election Anti-Masonic gain	Andrew Stewart (AM) 54.3% Thomas Irwin (J) 45.7%
Pennsylvania 15	William McCreery	Jacksonian	1828	Lost re-election Anti-Masonic gain	Thomas M. T. McKennan (AM) 52.1% William McCreery (J) 47.9%
Pennsylvania 16 Plural district with 2 seats	John Gilmore	Jacksonian	1828	Re-elected	Harmar Denny (AM) 55.2% John Gilmore (J) 41.6% Robert T. Stewart (J) 35.7% William Ayers (AM) 35.4% Walter Forward (AM) 32.2%
	Harmar Denny	Anti-Masonic	1829 (special)	Re-elected
Pennsylvania 17	Richard Coulter	Jacksonian	1826	Re-elected	Richard Coulter (J) 63.5% Thomas Pollock (AM) 26.5%
Pennsylvania 18	Thomas H. Sill	Anti-Jacksonian	1826 (special) 1828	Retired Anti-Masonic gain	John Banks (AM) 57.1% Thomas S. Cunningham (J) 42.9%

In the 11th district, William Ramsey (J) died on September 29, 1831, before the first meeting of the 22nd Congress. A special election was held on November 22, 1831 to fill the resulting vacancy, electing Robert McCoy (J)^[2]

See also

• United States elections, 1830
  • List of United States House of Representatives elections, 1824–54
  • United States Senate elections, 1830 and 1831
• 21st United States Congress
• 22nd United States Congress

Notes

1. Includes 3 plural districts
2. Includes 6 plural districts
3. Includes 1 plural district
4. For plural districts, percent is based on assumption that each voter cast as many votes as there are seats
5. Ran on joint Jacksonian/Anti-Jacksonian ticket
6. Died before the start of the 22nd Congress
7. Source did not give full name

References

1. Wilkes University Elections Statistics Project
2. Twenty-second Congress (membership roster) – see footnotes 28 and 29

Bibliography

• Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company. ISBN 978-0786402830.
• Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989. Macmillan Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0029201701.
• Moore, John L., ed. (1994). Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections (Third ed.). Congressional Quarterly Inc. ISBN 978-0871879967.
• "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, House of United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 21, 2015.

External links

• Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)