United States House of Representatives elections, 1852

August 2, 1852 - November 8, 1853

All 234 seats to the United States House of Representatives 118 seats were needed for a majority

	Majority party	Minority party	Third party

Leader	Linn Boyd	Joseph R. Chandler	Joshua Reed Giddings
Party	Democratic	Whig	Free Soil
Leader's seat	Kentucky-1st	Pennsylvania-2nd	Ohio-20th
Last election	130 seats	86 seats	4 seats
Seats won	158^{[Note 1]}	71	4
Seat change	28	15

Speaker before election

Linn Boyd
Democratic

Elected Speaker

Linn Boyd
Democratic

Elections to the United States House of Representatives for the 33rd Congress were held at various dates in each state between August 2, 1852 (in Iowa and Missouri) and November 8, 1853 (in Mississippi).

This election cycle saw the Democrats increase their House majority and gain the presidency (under Franklin Pierce). Although sectionalism remained a huge problem, the parties got a slight boost of stability due to the unity of a bitter presidential campaign. Two small third parties, the Constitutional Unionists and States' Rights parties, quickly collapsed prior to this election, while the anti-slavery Free Soil Party held onto its four seats. In addition, one Independent, Caleb Lyon, was elected to New York's 23rd District.

Election summaries

Following the 1850 Census, the House was reapportioned. In the initial apportionment bill, the number of seats was unchanged at 233,^[1] but subsequently one additional seat was added to California's delegation, keeping its representation the same, and increasing the total apportionment by one seat to 234, due to returns from California being determined to be incomplete.^[2] One State lost 2 seats, 7 States lost 1 seat each, 15 States had no change in apportionment, 6 States gained 1 seat each, and 2 States gained 2 seats each.

↓
158	1	4	71
Democratic	I	FS	Whig

State	Type	Date	Total seats		Democratic	Whig	Free Soil	Others
State	Type	Date	Seats	Change	Seats	Change	Seats	Change	Seats	Change	Seats	Change
California	At-large	November 2, 1852 (Election Day)^{[Note 2]}	2		2		0		0		0
Illinois	District		9	2	5^{[Note 1]}	1	4	3	0		0
Michigan	District		4	1	4	3	0	2	0		0
New Jersey	District		5		4		1		0		0
New York	District		33	1	21	4	10	7	1	1	1^{[Note 3]}	1
Wisconsin	District		3		3	1	0		0	1	0
Delaware	At-large	November 8, 1852	1		1		0		0		0
Florida	At-large	October 5, 1852	1		1	1	0	1	0		0
Indiana	District	October 12, 1852	11	1	10	2	1	1	0		0
Iowa	District	August 2, 1852	2		1	1	1	1	0		0
Maine	District	September 13, 1852	6	1	3	2	3	1	0		0
Massachusetts	District	November 8, 1852	11	1	1		9	2	1	1	0
Missouri	District	August 2, 1852	7	2	3	1	4	1	0		0
Ohio	District	October 12, 1852	21		12	1	7	1	2	1	0
Pennsylvania	District	October 12, 1852	25	1	16	1	9		0		0
Vermont	District	September 7, 1852	3	1	0	1	3		0		0
1853 elections
Alabama	District	August 8, 1853	7		6	2	1	1	0		0	1^{[Note 4]}
Arkansas	District^{[Note 5]}	August 1, 1853	2	1	2	1	0		0		0
Connecticut	District	April 4, 1853	4		4	1	0	1	0		0
Georgia	District	October 3, 1853	8		6	6	2	2	0		0	8^{[Note 6]}
Kentucky	District	August 1, 1853	10		5		5		0		0
Louisiana	District	November 1, 1853	4		3	1	1	1	0		0
Maryland	District	November 2, 1853	6		4	2	2	2	0		0
Mississippi	District + 1 at-large	November 7–8, 1853	5	1	5	5	0		0		0	4^{[Note 7]}
New Hampshire	District	March 8, 1853	3	1	3	1	0	2	0		0
North Carolina	District	August 4, 1853	8	1	5	2	3	3	0		0
Rhode Island	District	April 6, 1853	2		2	1	0	1	0		0
South Carolina	District	February 28-March 1, 1853	6	1	6	1	0		0		0
Tennessee	District	August 4, 1853	10	1	5	2	5	1	0		0
Texas	District	August 1, 1853	2		2		0		0		0
Virginia	District	May 26, 1853	13	2	13		0	2	0		0
Total			234	1	158^{[Note 1]} 67.5%	28	71 30.3%	15	4 1.7%		1 0.4%	12

House seats

Democratic			67.52%
Whig			30.34%
Free Soil			1.71%
Others			0.43%

Complete returns

California

Note: From statehood to 1864, California's representatives were elected at-large, with the top two vote-getters winning election from 1849 to 1858; in 1860 when California gained a seat in the House the top three vote-getters were elected.

District	Candidates
California At-large	James A. McDougall (D) 84.4% Milton S. Latham (D) 15.6%

Florida

District	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
Florida at-large	Edward C. Cabell	Whig	1846	Lost re-election Democratic gain	Augustus Maxwell (D) 50.1% Edward C. Cabell (W) 49.9%

Notes

1 2 3 Includes 1 Independent Democrat, William Henry Bissell, elected to IL-08.
↑ In 1845, Congress passed a law providing for a uniform date for choosing presidential electors (see: Statutes at Large, 28th Congress, 2nd Session, p. 721). Congressional elections were unaffected by this law, but the date was gradually adopted by the states for Congressional elections as well.
↑ Caleb Lyon was elected to NY-23 as an Independent.
↑ Previous election had 1 Constitutional Union member.
↑ Changed from at-large.
↑ Previous election had 6 Constitutional Union and 2 States' Rights.
↑ Previous election had 3 Constitutional Union and 1 States' Rights.

References

↑ 9 Stat. 432
↑ 10 Stat. 25

Bibliography

Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company. ISBN 978-0786402830.
Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989. Macmillan Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0029201701.
Moore, John L., ed. (1994). Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections (Third ed.). Congressional Quarterly Inc. ISBN 978-0871879967.
"Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, House of United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 21, 2015.

External links

Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)

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