Foreign relations of Croatia
The Republic of Croatia is a sovereign state at the crossroads of Central Europe, Southeast Europe, and the Mediterranean that declared its independence from SFR Yugoslavia on June 25, 1991. Croatia is a member of the European Union (EU), United Nations (UN), the Council of Europe, NATO, the World Trade Organization (WTO), Union for the Mediterranean as well as a number of many other international organizations. As of 2015, Croatia has established diplomatic relations with 174 countries.
The main objectives of Croatian foreign policy during the 1990s were gaining international recognition and joining the United Nations. After these objectives have been achieved by year 2000, two main goals became NATO and EU membership. Croatia fulfilled both of these goals, first in 2009, second in 2013. Current Croatian goals in foreign policy are: positioning within the EU institutions and in the region, cooperation with NATO partners and strengthening multilateral and bilateral cooperation.[1]
History
Croatian foreign policy has focused on greater Euro-Atlantic integration, mainly entering the European Union and NATO. In order to gain access to European and trans-Atlantic institutions, it has had to undo many negative effects of the breakup of Yugoslavia and the war that ensued, and improve and maintain good relations with its neighbors.
Key issues over the last decade have been the implementation of the Dayton Accords and the Erdut Agreement, nondiscriminatory facilitation of the return of refugees and displaced persons from the 1991-95 war including property restitution for ethnic Serbs, resolution of border disputes with Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia and Montenegro, and general democratization.
Croatia has had an uneven record in these areas between 1996 and 1999 during the right-wing HDZ government, inhibiting its relations with the European Union and the United States. Improvement in these areas severely hindered the advance of Croatia's prospects for further Euro-Atlantic integration. Progress in the areas of Dayton, Erdut, and refugee returns were evident in 1998, but progress was slow and required intensive international engagement.
Croatia's unsatisfactory performance implementing broader democratic reforms in 1998 raised questions about the ruling party's commitment to basic democratic principles and norms. Areas of concern included restrictions on freedom of speech, one-party control of public TV and radio, repression of independent media, unfair electoral regulations, a judiciary that is not fully independent, and lack of human and civil rights protection.
A centre-left coalition government was elected in early 2000. The SDP-led government slowly relinquished control over public media companies and did not interfere with freedom of speech and independent media, though it did not complete the process of making Croatian Radiotelevision independent. Judiciary reforms remained a pending issue as well.
Major Croatian advances in foreign relations during this period have included:
- admittance into NATO's Partnership for Peace Programme in May 2000
- admittance into World Trade Organization in July 2000;
- signing a Stabilization and Association Agreement with the EU in October 2001
- becoming part of NATO's Membership Action Plan in May 2002
- becoming a member of the Central European Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA) in December 2002
- application for membership in the EU in February 2003
- full cooperation with the Hague Tribunal and the beginning of accession negotiations with the EU in October 2005
The EU application was the last major international undertaking of the Račan government, which submitted a 7,000-page report in reply to the questionnaire by the European Commission.
Foreign relations were severely affected by the government's hesitance and stalling of the extradition of Croatian general Janko Bobetko to the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY), and inability to take general Ante Gotovina into custody for questioning by the Court.
Refugee returns accelerated since 1999, reached a peak in 2000, but then slightly decreased in 2001 and 2002. The OSCE mission in Croatia has continued to monitor the return of refugees and is still recording civil rights violations. Croatian Serbs continue to have problems with restitution of property and acceptance to the reconstruction assistance programmes. Combined with lacking economic opportunities in the rural areas of former Krajina, the return process is highly troubled.
Accession to the European Union
At the time of Croatia's application to the European Union, three EU members states were yet to ratify the Stabilization and Association Agreement: United Kingdom, the Netherlands and Italy. The new Sanader government elected in 2003 elections repeated the assurances that Croatia will fulfill the missing political obligations, and expedited the extradition of several ICTY inductees. The European Commission replied to the answers of the questionnaire sent to Croatia on April 20, 2004 with a positive opinion. The country was finally accepted as EU candidate in July 2004. Italy and United Kingdom ratified the Stabilization and Association Agreement shortly thereafter, while the ten EU member states that were admitted to membership that year ratified it all together at a 2004 European Summit. In December 2004, the EU leaders announced that accession negotiations with Croatia would start on March 17, 2005 provided that Croatian government cooperates fully with the ICTY. The main issue, the flight of general Gotovina, however, remained unsolved and despite the agreement on an accession negotiation framework, the negotiations did not begin in March 2005. On October 4, 2005 Croatia finally received green light for accession negotiations after the Chief Prosecutor of the ICTY Carla Del Ponte officially stated that Croatia is fully cooperating with the Tribunal. This has been the main condition demanded by EU foreign ministers for accession negotiations. The ICTY called upon other southern European states to follow Croatia's good example. Thanks to the consistent position of Austria during the meeting of EU foreign ministers, a long period of instability and the questioning of the determination of the Croatian government to extradite alleged war criminals has ended successfully. Croatian Prime minister Ivo Sanader declared that full cooperation with the Hague Tribunal will continue. The accession process was also complicated by the insistence of Slovenia, an EU member state, that the two countries' border issues be dealt with prior to Croatia's accession to the EU.
Croatia finished accession negotiations on 30 June 2011,[2] and on 9 December 2011, signed the Treaty of Accession. A referendum on EU accession was held in Croatia on 22 January 2012, with 66% of participants voting in favour of joining the Union.[3][4][5][6] The ratification process was concluded on 21 June 2013, and entry into force and accession of Croatia to the EU took place on 1 July 2013.[7]
Current events
The main objective of the Croatian foreign policy is positioning within the EU institutions and in the region, cooperation with NATO partners and strengthening multilateral and bilateral cooperation.
Government officials in charge of foreign policy include the Minister of Foreign Affairs and European Integration, currently Miro Kovac, and the President of the Republic, currently Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović.
Croatia has established diplomatic relations with 174 countries.[8] As of 2009, Croatia maintains a network of 51 embassies, 24 consulates and eight permanent diplomatic missions abroad. Furthermore, there are 52 foreign embassies and 69 consulates in the Republic of Croatia in addition to offices of international organizations such as the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, International Organization for Migration, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), World Bank, World Health Organization, International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY), United Nations Development Programme, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and UNICEF.[9]
International organizations
Republic of Croatia participates in the following international organizations: CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, EU, FAO, G11, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, ITUC, NAM (observer), NATO, OAS (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, SECI, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMEE, UNMOGIP, UPU, WCO, WEU (associate), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
There exists a Permanent Representative of Croatia to the United Nations.
Foreign support
Croatia receives support from donor programs of:
- European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD)
- European Union
- International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
- International Monetary Fund
- USAID
Between 1991 and 2003, the EBRD had directly invested a total of 1,212,039,000 EUR into projects in Croatia.
In 1998, U.S. support to Croatia came through the Southeastern European Economic Development Program (SEED), whose funding in Croatia totaled $23.25 million. More than half of that money was used to fund programs encouraging sustainable returns of refugees and displaced persons. About one-third of the assistance was used for democratization efforts, and another 5% funded financial sector restructuring.
In 2003 USAID considered Croatia to be on a "glide path for graduation" along with Bulgaria. Its 2002/2003/2004 funding includes around $10 million for economic development, up to $5 million for the development of democratic institutions, about $5 million for the return of population affected by war and between 2 and 3 million dollars for the "mitigation of adverse social conditions and trends". A rising amount of funding is given to cross-cutting programs in anti-corruption, slightly under one million dollars.
The European Commission has proposed to assist Croatia's efforts to join the European Union with 245 million euros from PHARE, ISPA and SAPARD aid programs over the course of 2005 and 2006.
International disputes
Relations with neighbouring states have normalized somewhat since the breakup of Yugoslavia. Work has begun — bilaterally and within the Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe since 1999 — on political and economic cooperation in the region.
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Discussions continue between Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina on various sections of the border, the longest border with another country for each of these countries.
Sections of the Una river and villages at the base of Mount Plješevica are in Croatia, while some are in Bosnia, which causes an excessive number of border crossings on a single route and impedes any serious development in the region. The Zagreb-Bihać-Split railway line is still closed for major traffic due to this issue.
The border on the Una river between Hrvatska Kostajnica on the northern, Croatian side of the river, and Bosanska Kostajnica on the southern, Bosnian side, is also being discussed. A river island between the two towns is under Croatian control, but is also claimed by Bosnia. A shared border crossing point has been built and has been functioning since 2003, and is used without hindrance by either party.
The Herzegovinian municipality of Neum in the south makes the southernmost part of Croatia an exclave and the two countries are negotiating special transit rules through Neum to compensate for that. Recently Croatia has opted to build a bridge to the Pelješac peninsula to connect the Croatian mainland with the exclave but Bosnia and Herzegovina has protested that the bridge will close its access to international waters (although Croatian territory and territorial waters surround Bosnian-Herzegovinian territory and waters completely) and has suggested that the bridge must be higher than 55 meters for free passage of all types of ships. Negotiations are still being held.
Italy
The relations between Croatia and Italy have been largely cordial and friendly, although occasional incidents do arise on issues such as the Istrian exodus or the Ecological and Fisheries Protection Zone.
Montenegro
Croatia and Montenegro have a largely latent border dispute over the Prevlaka peninsula.
Serbia
The Danube border between Croatia and Serbia is in dispute, particularly in Baranja, the Island of Vukovar and the Island of Šarengrad.
Slovenia
Croatia and Slovenia have several land and maritime boundary disputes, mainly in the Gulf of Piran, regarding Slovenian access to international waters, a small number of pockets of land on the right-hand side of the river Dragonja, and around the Sveta Gera peak.
Slovenia was disputing Croatia's claim to establish the Ecological and Fisheries Protection Zone, an economic section of the Adriatic.
Other issues that have yet to be fully resolved include:
- Croatian depositors' savings in the former Ljubljanska banka
Diplomatic relations
Europe
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Albania | 1992-08-25 | See Albanian–Croatian relations
|
Andorra | 1995-04-28 | |
Armenia | 1994-07-08 | See Armenia–Croatia relations
|
Austria | 1992-01-15 | See Austria–Croatia relations
|
Azerbaijan | 1995-01-26 | See Azerbaijan–Croatia relations
|
Belarus | 1992-09-25 | See Belarus–Croatia relations
|
Belgium | 1992-03-10 |
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina | 1992-07-21 | See Bosnia and Herzegovina – Croatia relations
|
Bulgaria | 1992-08-13 | See Bulgaria–Croatia relations
|
Cyprus | 1993-02-04 |
|
Czech Republic | 1993-01-01 |
|
Denmark | 1992-02-01 | See Croatia–Denmark relations
|
Estonia | 1992-03-02 |
|
Finland | 1992-02-19 |
|
France | 1992-04-24 |
|
Georgia | 1993-02-01 | |
Germany | 1992-01-15 |
|
Greece | 1992-07-20 |
|
Holy See | 1992-02-08 | See Croatia–Holy See relations
|
Hungary | 1992-01-18 | See Croatia–Hungary relations
|
Iceland | 1992-06-30 |
|
Ireland | See Croatia-Ireland relations
| |
Italy | 1992-01-17 | See Croatia-Italy relations
|
Kosovo | 2008-06-30 | See Croatia–Kosovo relations
|
Latvia | 1992-02-14 |
|
Liechtenstein | 1992-02-04 |
|
Lithuania | 1992-03-18 |
|
Luxembourg | 1992-04-29 | |
Macedonia | 1992-03-30 |
|
Malta | 1992-06-30 |
|
Sovereign Military Order of Malta | 1992-12-22 |
|
Moldova | 1992-07-28 |
|
Montenegro | 2006-07-07 |
See Croatia–Montenegro relations
|
Netherlands | 1992-04-23 |
|
Norway | 1992-02-20 | |
Poland | 1992-04-11 |
|
Portugal | 1992-02-03 |
|
Romania | 1992-08-29 |
|
Russia | 1992-05-25 | See Croatia–Russia relations
|
San Marino | 1993-02-11 |
|
Slovakia | 1993-01-01 |
|
Slovenia | 1992-02-06 | See Croatia–Slovenia relations
|
Serbia | 1996-09-09 then as FR Yugoslavia and including Montenegro | See Croatia–Serbia relations
|
Spain | 1992-03-09 | See Croatia–Spain relations
|
Sweden | 1992-01-29 |
|
Switzerland | 1992-01-30 |
|
Turkey | 1992-08-26 |
|
Ukraine | 1992-02-18 | |
United Kingdom | 1992-06-24 |
See Croatia–United Kingdom relations
|
Africa
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Algeria | 1992-10-15 | |
Angola | 1994-11-16 | |
Benin | 2001-03-26 | |
Botswana | 2005-09-09 |
Diplomatic relations between Botswana and Croatia were established on September 9, 2005.[65][66] |
Burkina Faso | 1995-05-18 | |
Cape Verde | 1994-08-13 |
|
Chad | 1999-09-17 |
|
Comoros | 1999-06-29 |
|
Côte d'Ivoire | 1995-10-17 | |
Egypt | 1992-10-01 | See Croatia–Egypt relations
|
Eritrea | 1999-06-04 |
|
Ethiopia | 1995-10-17 |
|
Gabon | 2001-10-22 |
|
Gambia | 1998-10-16 | |
Ghana | 1993-02-17 | |
Guinea-Bissau | 1995-10-19 |
|
Kenya | 1992-05-22 | |
Lesotho | 1998-11-06 | |
Libya | 2000-03-30 | See Croatia–Libya relations
|
Mali | 1995-09-20 | |
Mauritania | 2004-11-11 |
|
Mauritius | 1997-09-03 |
|
Morocco | 1992-06-26 |
|
Mozambique | 1996-08-23 |
|
Namibia | 1998-06-22 |
Diplomatic relations between Croatia and Namibia were established on June 22, 1998.[65][66] |
Nigeria | 1993-01-07 | |
São Tomé and Príncipe | 1993-05-23 |
|
Senegal | 1997-10-01 |
|
Seychelles | 1997-09-30 |
|
South Africa | 1992-11-19 |
|
Sudan | 1992-07-17 | |
Tanzania | 1993-07-02 | |
Togo | 1993-12-20 |
|
Tunisia | 1993-01-30 |
|
Uganda | 1999-03-10 |
|
Zambia | 1995-09-20 |
Asia
Middle East
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Bahrain | 1993-01-18 |
|
Iran | 1992-04-18 | See Croatia–Iran relations |
Iraq | 2005-01-05 | |
Israel | 1997-09-04 | See Croatia–Israel relations
|
Jordan | 1994-06-29 | |
Kuwait | 1994-08-10 | |
Lebanon | 1994-12-05 | |
Qatar | 1992-12-05 | See Croatia–Saudi Arabia relations |
Saudi Arabia | 1995-06-08 | |
Syria | 1997-08-29 | See Croatia–Syria relations
|
United Arab Emirates | 1992-06-23 | |
Yemen | 1993-01-17 |
Central Asia
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Afghanistan | 1996-01-03 |
|
Kazakhstan | 1992-10-20 |
|
Kyrgyzstan | 1996-12-23 | |
Turkmenistan | 1996-07-02 |
|
Uzbekistan | 1995-02-06 |
South Asia
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
India | 1992-07-09 |
|
Maldives | 1997-04-08 |
|
Nepal | 1998-02-06 | |
Pakistan | 1994-07-20 |
|
Sri Lanka | 1997-02-14 |
Southeast Asia
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Burma | 1999-09-03 | |
Cambodia | 1996-09-10 |
|
Indonesia | 1992-09-03 |
|
Laos | 1996-03-04 |
|
Malaysia | 1992-05-04 |
|
Philippines | 1993-02-25 |
|
Singapore | 1992-11-23 |
|
Thailand | 1992-09-09 |
|
Timor-Leste | 2003-02-05 |
|
Viet Nam | 1994-07-01 |
|
East Asia
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
China (People's Republic) | 1992-05-13 | See also: China–Croatia relations
|
Japan | 1993-03-05 |
|
Mongolia | 1993-03-10 |
|
North Korea | 1992-11-30 | |
South Korea | 1992-11-18 | See Foreign relations of South Korea
|
Oceania
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Australia | 1992-02-13 |
|
Nauru | 2000-12-14 | |
New Zealand | 1992-02-25 |
|
Samoa | 1994-03-08 |
|
Americas
Caribbean
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Antigua and Barbuda | 1999-09-20 | |
Cuba | 1992-09-23 |
|
Dominica | 2013[119] |
Joint Communiqué on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations between the Republic of Croatia and the Commonwealth of Dominica was signed on the 30 July 2013.[119] |
Guyana | February 25, 2003 |
|
Grenada | 2000-05-19 |
|
Jamaica | 1996-10-09 | |
Saint Lucia | 1997-12-10 |
|
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 1994-10-07 |
|
Latin America
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Argentina | 1992-04-13 | See Argentina–Croatia relations
|
Bolivia | 1992-11-26 |
|
Brazil | 1992-12-23 | |
Chile | 1992-04-15 | See Chile–Croatia relations
|
Colombia | 1995-04-25 | |
Costa Rica | 1995-10-19 | |
Ecuador | 1996-02-22 | |
El Salvador | 1997-07-24 |
|
Guatemala | 1992-12-22 |
|
Honduras | 1999-09-20 |
|
Mexico | 1992-12-06 | See Croatia-Mexico relations
|
Nicaragua | 1996-03-29 | |
Panama | 1996-06-12 |
|
Paraguay | 1992-03-13 |
|
Peru | 1993-01-12 | |
Suriname | 1997-12-17 | |
Uruguay | 1993 -05-04 | See Croats in Uruguay
|
Venezuela | 1992-10-09 |
North America
Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
---|---|---|
Canada | 1993-04-14 |
|
United States of America | 1992-08-11 | See Croatia–United States relations
|
No diplomatic relations
Croatia has not established diplomatic relations with these 21 UN member states:
Croatia has not established diplomatic relations with these nine States with limited recognition:
See also
- Croatian passport
- List of diplomatic missions in Croatia
- List of diplomatic missions of Croatia
- Visa requirements for Croatian citizens
References
- ↑ "MVEP • Vanjska politika". Mvep.hr. Retrieved 2016-04-30.
- ↑ Statement by President Barroso on Croatia – Commission proposes to close the last "Chapters" in the accession talks European Commission, 10 June 2011
- ↑ "Croats say 'yes' to EU membership | Europe | DW.DE | 22.01.2012". Dw-world.de. Retrieved 3 April 2012.
- ↑ Independent Newspapers Online (23 December 2011). "Croatia sets date for EU referendum". Iol.co.za. Retrieved 3 April 2012.
- ↑ "Croatian parliament calls EU referendum for January 22". Focus-fen.net. Retrieved 3 April 2012.
- ↑ "Parl't decides that EU referendum will be held on 22 January". Daily.tportal.hr. Retrieved 3 April 2012.
- ↑ "EU Summit: Accession Treaty with Croatia to be signed in 2011". eu2011.hu. 27 June 2011. Retrieved 30 June 2011.
- ↑ Drago Pilsel (May 5, 2011). "S kojim državama nemamo diplomatske odnose?" [Which countries do we have no diplomatic relations with?] (in Croatian). t-portal. Retrieved September 24, 2011.
- ↑ "Diplomatic Missions and Consular Offices to Croatia". Ministry of Foreign Affairs and European Integration (Croatia). Retrieved September 24, 2011.
- ↑ "Foreign Ministries of Belarus and Croatia To Hold Political Consultations". Belarus. Retrieved 2009-11-26.
The diplomatic relations between Belarus and Croatia were established on September 25, 1992. There is no Belarusian Embassy to Croatia and there is no Embassy of Croatia to Belarus. The states maintain their bilateral relations through their embassies to Russia.
- ↑ "Belarus Signs Intergovernmental Agreement on Cooperation to Integrate Druzhba and Adria Oil Pipelines". Belarus. Retrieved 2009-11-26.
- ↑ "Belgian embassy in Zagreb". Retrieved 20 February 2015.
- ↑ "Croatian embassy in Brussels". Be.mfa.hr. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
- 1 2 "Croatia, Zagreb, Embassy of the Republic of Bulgaria". mfa.bg. Retrieved 18 November 2012.
- ↑ "Croatian embassy in Prague (in Croatian and Polish only)". Cz.mfa.hr. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
- ↑ "Czech embassy in Zagreb". Mzv.cz. 2010-04-30. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
- ↑ "Finnish embassy in Zagreb". Finland.hr. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
- ↑ Drazen Karaman [email protected]; Zvonimir Frka-Petesic [email protected]. "Croatian embassy in Paris(in Croat and French only)". Amb-croatie.fr. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
- ↑ "French embassy in Zagreb (in Croat and French only)". Ambafrance-hr.org. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
- ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva RH u svijetu • Gruzija, Atena". Mvep.hr. Retrieved 2016-04-30.
- ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva stranih država u RH • Gruzija, Budimpešta". Mvep.hr. Retrieved 2016-04-30.
- ↑ "Greek embassy in Zagreb". Grembassy.hr. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
- ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva RH u svijetu • Grčka, Atena". Mvep.hr. 1992-07-20. Retrieved 2016-04-30.
- ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva RH u svijetu • Sveta Stolica, Vatikan". Mvep.hr. 1992-02-08. Retrieved 2016-04-30.
- ↑ "Croatian embassy in Budapest (in Croatian and Hungarian only)". Hu.mfa.hr. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
- ↑ "Hungarian embassy in Zagreb". Mfa.gov.hu. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
- 1 2 "MVEP • Veleposlanstva stranih država u RH • Island, Berlin". Mvep.hr. 1992-06-30. Retrieved 2016-04-30.
- ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva RH u svijetu • Irska, Dublin". Mvep.hr. 1995-01-27. Retrieved 2016-04-30.
- ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva stranih država u RH • Irska, Zagreb". Mvep.hr. 1995-01-27. Retrieved 2016-04-30.
- ↑ "Croatian embassy in Rome (in Croatian and Italian only)". It.mvp.hr. 1944-07-22. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
- ↑ "Italian embassy in Zagreb". Ambzagabria.esteri.it. 2006-10-10. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
- ↑ "Croatia establishes embassy to Kosovo, seated in Pristina". Mvpei.hr. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
- ↑ "Kosovar Embassy in Zagreb, Croatia". Embassy Pages. Retrieved 17 December 2014.
- ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva RH u svijetu • Litva, Vilnius". Mvep.hr. 1992-03-18. Retrieved 2016-04-30.
- ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva RH u svijetu • Luksemburg, Bruxelles". Mvep.hr. 1992-04-29. Retrieved 2016-04-30.
- ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva stranih država u RH • Luksemburg, Berlin". Mvep.hr. 1992-04-29. Retrieved 2016-04-30.
- ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva stranih država u RH • Malta, Split". Mvep.hr. 1992-06-30. Retrieved 2016-04-30.
- ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva stranih država u RH • Crna Gora, Dubrovnik". Mvep.hr. 2006-07-07. Retrieved 2016-04-30.
- ↑ "Ponovno otkrivena Duklja!". Glas-slavonije.hr. 2008-12-05. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
- ↑ "Croatian embassy in The Hague". Nl.mfa.hr. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
- ↑ "Dutch embassy in Zagreb". Mfa.nl. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
- ↑ "Norwegian embassy in Zagreb". Norwegianembassy.hr. 2009-11-08. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
- ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva stranih država u RH • Norveška, Rijeka". Mvep.hr. 1992-02-20. Retrieved 2016-04-30.
- ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva RH u svijetu • Poljska, Warszawa". Mvep.hr. 1992-11-04. Retrieved 2016-04-30.
- 1 2 "MVEP • Veleposlanstva stranih država u RH • Poljska, Zagreb". Mvep.hr. 1992-11-04. Retrieved 2016-04-30.
- ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva stranih država u RH • Rumunjska, Zagreb". Mvep.hr. 1992-08-29. Retrieved 2016-04-30.
- ↑ (Russian) (Croatian) Embassy of Croatia in Moscow
- ↑ (Russian) (Croatian) Embassy of The Russian Federation in Zagreb
- ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva RH u svijetu • San Marino, Rim". Mvep.hr. Retrieved 2016-04-30.
- ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva stranih država u RH • San Marino". Mvep.hr. Retrieved 2016-04-30.
- ↑ "Croatian embassy in Bratislava (in Croatian and Slovakian only)". Sk.mfa.hr. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
- ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva stranih država u RH • Slovačka, Zagreb". Mvep.hr. Retrieved 2016-04-30.
- ↑ "Swedish embassy in Zagreb". Swedenabroad.com. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
- ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva stranih država u RH • Švicarska, Zagreb". Mvep.hr. 1992-01-30. Retrieved 2016-04-30.
- ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva stranih država u RH • Ukrajina, Zagreb". Mvep.hr. 1992-02-18. Retrieved 2016-04-30.
- ↑ "Ukrainian embassy in Zagreb (in Croatian and Ukrainian only)". Mfa.gov.ua. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
- ↑ "British embassy in Zagreb". Ukincroatia.fco.gov.uk. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
- ↑ "Croatian embassy in London". Uk.mfa.hr. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
- ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva RH u svijetu • Alžir, Alžir". Mvep.hr. 1992-10-15. Retrieved 2016-04-30.
- ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva stranih država u RH • Alžir, Zagreb". Mvep.hr. 1992-10-15. Retrieved 2016-04-30.
- ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva RH u svijetu • Angola, Lisabon". Mvep.hr. 1994-11-16. Retrieved 2016-04-30.
- ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva stranih država u RH • Angola, Beč". Mvep.hr. 1994-11-16. Retrieved 2016-04-30.
- ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva RH u svijetu • Benin, Pariz". Mvep.hr. 2001-03-26. Retrieved 2016-04-30.
- ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva stranih država u RH • Benin, Genéve". Mvep.hr. 2001-03-26. Retrieved 2016-04-30.
- 1 2 http://www.mvep.hr/en/foreign-politics/bilateral-relations/date-of-recognition-and-establishment-of-diplomatic-relations/. Missing or empty
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(help) - 1 2 http://www.mvep.hr/en/foreign-politics/bilateral-relations/overview-by-country/botswana,161.html. Missing or empty
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(help) - ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva stranih država u RH • Burkina Faso, Beč". Mvep.hr. 1995-05-18. Retrieved 2016-04-30.
- ↑ "MVEP • Diplomatic Missions and Consular Offices of Croatia • Kenya, Pretoria". Mvep.hr. Retrieved 2016-04-30.
- ↑ http://www.mfa.go.ke/contactus.html
- ↑ "Croatian embassy in Pretoria". Za.mfa.hr. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
- ↑ "Hrvatsko iseljeništvo u Južnoafričkoj Republici". mvep.hr (in Croatian). Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs of the Republic of Croatia. Retrieved 8 April 2012.
- ↑ "Croatian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and European Integration: list of bilateral treaties signed with South Africa". Mvpei.hr. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
- ↑ "MVEP • Diplomatic Missions and Consular Offices of Croatia • United Republic of Tanzania (the), Pretoria". Mvep.hr. Retrieved 2016-04-30.
- ↑ "MVEP • Diplomatic Missions and Consular Offices to Croatia • United Republic of Tanzania (the), Rome". Mvep.hr. Retrieved 2016-04-30.
- ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva RH u svijetu • Irak, Bagdad". Mvep.hr. 2005-01-04. Retrieved 2016-04-30.
- ↑ "MVEP • Pregled viznog sustava • Irak". Mvep.hr. 2005-01-04. Retrieved 2016-04-30.
- ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva stranih država u RH • Jordan, Rim". Mvep.hr. 1994-06-29. Retrieved 2016-04-30.
- ↑ [http://www.mvep.hr/hr/predstavnistva/dmkurh-u-svijetu/kuvajt-doha,296.html#p> "MVEP • Veleposlanstva RH u svijetu • Kuvajt, Doha"]. Retrieved 2 May 2016.
- ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva stranih država u RH • Kuvajt, Prag". Mvep.hr. 1994-10-08. Retrieved 2016-04-30.
- ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva RH u svijetu • Libanon, Bejrut". Mvep.hr. 1994-12-05. Retrieved 2016-04-30.
- ↑ "MVEP • Pregled viznog sustava • Libanon". Mvep.hr. 1994-12-05. Retrieved 2016-04-30.
- ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva RH u svijetu • Katar, Doha". Mvep.hr. 1992-12-05. Retrieved 2016-04-30.
- ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva stranih država u RH • Katar, Zagreb". Mvep.hr. 1992-12-05. Retrieved 2016-04-30.
- ↑ "Syrian embassy in Budapest (also accredited to Croatia)". Syrianembassy.hu. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
- ↑ "RH priznala sirijsku oporbu kao legitimnog predstavnika naroda - Večernji.hr". Vecernji.hr. Retrieved 2016-04-30.
- ↑ "Hrvatska priznala sirijsku oporbu kao jedinu legitimnu vlast u Siriji". Retrieved 2 May 2016.
- ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva RH u svijetu • Ujedinjeni Arapski Emirati, Kairo". Retrieved 2 May 2016.
- ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva stranih država u RH • Ujedinjeni Arapski Emirati, Berlin". Retrieved 2 May 2016.
- ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva RH u svijetu • Kazahstan, Moskva". Retrieved 2 May 2016.
- 1 2 "Milanović zbog zastoja danas osobno predaje brod Berdimuhamedovu - Jutarnji.hr". Retrieved 2 May 2016.
- ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva RH u svijetu • Indija, New Delhi". Retrieved 2 May 2016.
- ↑ "Indian embassy in Zagreb". Indianembassy.hr. 2009-01-09. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
- ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva stranih država u RH • Nepal, Genéve". Retrieved 2 May 2016.
- ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva RH u svijetu • Pakistan, Teheran". Retrieved 2 May 2016.
- ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva RH u svijetu • Šri Lanka, Colombo". Retrieved 2 May 2016.
- ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva stranih država u RH • Šri Lanka, Beč". Retrieved 2 May 2016.
- ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva RH u svijetu • Laoska Narodna Demokratska Republika, Kuala Lumpur". Retrieved 2 May 2016.
- ↑ "Croatian embassy in Jakarta (also accredited to Thailand)". Croatemb.or.id. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
- ↑ "Thai embassy in Budapest (also accredited to Croatia)". Thaiembassy.org. 2010-05-30. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
- ↑ "Croatian embassy in Beijing". Cn.mfa.hr. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
- ↑ "Chinese embassy in Zagreb". Hr.china-embassy.org. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
- ↑ "Chinese premier meets president of Croatia on bilateral cooperation". http://news.xinhuanet.com/. 2015-10-15. Retrieved 2016-02-07. External link in
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(help) - ↑ "Japanese embassy in Zagreb". Hr.emb-japan.go.jp. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
- ↑ "Japan-Croatia Relations". Mofa.go.jp. 1993-03-05. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
- ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva stranih država u RH • Mongolija, Beč". Retrieved 2 May 2016.
- ↑ Stephen Turnbull (2003). Genghis Khan & the Mongol Conquests 1190-1400. Osprey Publishing. p. 53. ISBN 1-84176-523-6.
The Mongol way now led via Lake Balaton to a crossing of the Drava river into Croatia. The Mongols soon captured Zagreb, and before very long they were in ...
- ↑ Marcus Tanner (2001). Croatia: a nation forged in war. Yale University Press. p. 21. ISBN 0-300-09125-7.
- ↑ Vjekoslav Klaić (1982). Povijest Hrvata [History of the Croats]. Knjiga prva: Prvo doba: Vladanje knezova i kraljeva hrvatske krvi (641 - 1102) (in Croatian). Zagreb: Nakladni zavod Matice hrvatske.
- ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva RH u svijetu • Demokratska Narodna Republika Koreja, Peking". Retrieved 2 May 2016.
- ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva stranih država u RH • Demokratska Narodna Republika Koreja, Bukurešt". Retrieved 2 May 2016.
- ↑ "Kako se Stipe Mesić u potpunosti prenerazio životom u Sjevernoj Koreji". Telegram.hr. Retrieved 2 May 2016.
- ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Korea. "Veleposlanstvo Republike Koreje u Republici Hrvatskoj". Retrieved 2 May 2016.
- ↑ "Australian embassy in Zagreb". Croatia.embassy.gov.au. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
- ↑ "Hrvatsko iseljeništo u Australiji". Retrieved 2 May 2016.
- ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva RH u svijetu • Nauru, Canberra". Retrieved 2 May 2016.
- ↑ "New Zealand embassy in Rome (also accredited to Croatia)". Nzembassy.com. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
- ↑ "Hrvatsko iseljeništvo u Novom Zelandu". Retrieved 2 May 2016.
- ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva RH u svijetu • Antigva i Barbuda, New York". Retrieved 2 May 2016.
- 1 2 "Ministry Foreign Affairs of Croatia".
- ↑ Ministry of foreign affairs of Croatia
- ↑ Ministry of foreign affairs of Croatia
- ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva RH u svijetu • Jamajka, New York". Retrieved 2 May 2016.
- ↑ Croatian embassy in Buenos Aires
- ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva RH u svijetu • Brazil, Brasilia". Retrieved 2 May 2016.
- ↑ "República de Croacia". Cancillería. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
- ↑ "MVEP • Diplomatic Missions and Consular Offices of Croatia • Mexico, Washington DC". Retrieved 20 February 2015.
- ↑ Administrator. "Honorary Consulates". Retrieved 20 February 2015.
- ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva stranih država u RH • Panama, Piraeus". Retrieved 2 May 2016.
- ↑ "MVEP • Veleposlanstva RH u svijetu • -". Retrieved 2 May 2016.
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