Arab Mexicans

Arab Mexicans
Mexicano de origen árabe

Total population
(1,100,000 1% of Mexico's population[1])
Regions with significant populations
Baja California, Coahuila, Tamaulipas, Sinaloa, Mexico City, Veracruz, Guanajuato, Chihuahua, Durango, Nayarit
Languages
Mexican Spanish, Arabic
Religion
Mostly Christianity, minority Islam
Related ethnic groups
Arabs, Jews, Spanish Mexicans

Arab Mexicans are Mexican citizens of Arab ethnic, cultural and linguistic heritage or identity, who identify themselves as Arab.. The vast majority of Mexico's 1,100,000 Arabs are from either Lebanese, Saudi Arabian, Syrian, Iraqi, Moroccan, Yemeni or Palestinian background.^[2]

The inter-ethnic marriage in the Arab community, regardless of religious affiliation, is very high; most community members have only one parent who has Arab ethnicity. As a result of this, the Arab community in Mexico shows marked language shift away from Arabic. Only a few speak any Arabic, and such knowledge is often limited to a few basic words. Instead the majority, especially those of younger generations, speak Spanish as a first language. Today, the most common Arabic surnames in Mexico include Slim (Salim), Bichir (Bashir), Hayek, Medina, Ayoub, Nader, Ali, Sabah, Mier, Haddad, Nasser, Mohamed, Malik, Abed, Mansoor, Magana, Esper, Harb, Califa and Elias.

Migration history

Kaliman a Mexican comic book character

Arab immigration to Mexico started in the 19th and early 20th centuries.^[3] Roughly 100,000 Arabic-speakers settled in Mexico during this time period. They came mostly from Lebanon, Syria, Palestine, and Iraq and settled in significant numbers in Nayarit, Guanajuato, Puebla, Mexico City and the Northern part of the country (mainly in the states of Baja California, Tamaulipas, Nuevo Leon, Sinaloa, Chihuahua, Zacatecas, Coahuila, and Durango), as well as the cities of Tampico and Guadalajara . They also came for slave trade in the 18th century. The term "Arab Mexican" may include ethnic groups that do not in fact identify as Arab.

During the Israel-Lebanon war in 1948 and during the Six-Day War, thousands of Lebanese left Lebanon and went to Mexico. They first arrived in Veracruz. Although Arabs made up less than 5% of the total immigrant population in Mexico during the 1930s, they constituted half of the immigrant economic activity.^[4]

Immigration of Arabs in Mexico has influenced Mexican culture, in particular food, where they have introduced Kibbeh, Tabbouleh and even created recipes such as Tacos Árabes. By 1765, Dates, which originated from the Middle East, were introduced into Mexico by the Spaniards. The fusion between Arab and Mexican food has highly influenced Yucatecan cuisine.^[5]

Another concentration of Arab-Mexicans is in Baja California facing the U.S.-Mexican border, esp. in cities of Mexicali in the Imperial Valley U.S./Mexico, and Tijuana across from San Diego with a large Arab American community (about 280,000), some of whose families have relatives in Mexico. 45% of Arab Mexicans are of Lebanese descent.

The majority of Arab-Mexicans are Christians who belong to the Maronite Church, Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox and Eastern Rite Catholic Churches. A scant number are Muslims of Middle Eastern origins.

Clock given in 1910 by the Ottoman Sultan Mehmed V to mark the centenary of the Mexican independence in Mexico City

Moorish Kiosk of Santa María la Ribera built in 1910 by Eng José Ramón Ibarrola at Alameda de Santa Maria la Ribera

La Pila fountain of Moorish style in Chiapa de Corzo, Chiapas

Figures

Arab net migration to Mexico from 1871 to 1976
Year period	Arab immigrants
1871–1880	672
1881–1890	3,537
1891–1900	10,572
1901–1910	35,398
1911–1920	39,052
1921–1930	18,894
1931–1940	1,682
1941–1950	2,063
1951–1960	1,083
1961–1970	278
1971–1976	-30
Total	113,201

Notable people

• Carlos Slim, business magnate, investor, and philanthropist. Slim's parents are both Mexicans of Lebanese Maronite Catholic descent.
• Emeraude Toubia, actress and model raised in Brownsville, Texas, half Lebanese via her father and half Mexican via her mother.
• José Antonio Meade Kuribreña, economist, lawyer and diplomat and current Mexican Secretariat of Foreign Affairs of Lebanese and British descent.
• Pedro Joaquín Coldwell, politician affiliated to the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) of Lebanese and English descent.
• Emilio Chuayffet, lawyer and politician, the incumbent Secretary of Public Education of Mexico of Lebanese descent.
• Enrique Dau, former mayor of Guadalajara, grandson of the Lebanese emigrant Wadih Dau^[6]
• José Murat Casab, former Governor of Oaxaca and a member of the Institutional Revolutionary Party of Iraqi descent.
• Alfredo Harp Helú, Mexican businessman of Lebanese origin.
• Salma Hayek, actress; she is half Lebanese via her father.
• Pépé Abed, Lebanese-born Mexican jeweler returned to Lebanon after 40 years.
• Victor Nacif, Vice President of Design Business Aspects for Nissan Design America, of Iraqi descent.
• Mauricio Féres Yázbek (Garcés), actor of Lebanese descent from Tampico, Tamaulipas
• Alfonso Petersen Farah, mayor of Guadalajara. German, Danish and Lebanese descent.
• Carlos Kuri Slim, former entrepreneur of textil branch specialized on narrow fabrics. First Mexican of Lebanese descendent to achieve North American Powerboat Championship US-1 High-Points at 2003 endorsed by APBA .
• Mohammed Yussuf, footballer of Iraqi descent.
• Raùl Machi, Baseball player of Palestinian descent.
• Emilio Hassan, footballer, nephew of Carlos Slim, of Lebanese descent.
• Mohammed Yousif Rahim, footballer, of Iraqi descent.
• Lizeth Farah de Gebara, Mexican of Lebanese origin, mother of Paulette Gebara who missing child found dead at home in 2010.
• Mauricio Gebara, Mexican of Lebanese origin, father of Paulette Gebara who missing child found dead at home in 2010.
• Roberto Assad, Mexican actor and model to paternal of Arab descent.
• Abdul Sahib Machi, writer of Palestinian descent
• Paul Ham, bassist for Anabantha, of Lebanese descent.
• Ricardo Dájer Nahum, Mexican politician of Lebanese origin.
• Jeff Becerra, Heavy metal musician of Lebanese descent.
• Capulina, actor of Lebanese descent.
• Jaime Camil, Actor, singer of Egyptian and Brazilian descent.
• Isaac Saba Raffoul, businessman of Syrian-Lebanese descent.
• Mizada Mohamed, Astrologer of Palestinian descent.
• Abraham Zaied Dabdoub,politician and businessman of Palestinian descent
• Astrid Hadad, Mexican actress of Lebanese descent.
• Miguel Sabah, a Mexican international footballer of mixed Palestinian/Mexican/Lebanese descent
• Liliana Abud, an actress in telenovelas and Mexican cinema.
• Farah Abud, an actress in telenovelas and Mexican cinema.
• José Sulaimán, President of the World Boxing Council, Lebanese descent.
• Antonio Mohamed, Argentine-born Mexican soccer player of Lebanese descent.
• Samer Haj Omar Wade, football player currently playing for Tiburones Rojos de Veracruz. He is of Lebanese background.
• Kamel Nacif Borge, Mexican businessman of Lebanese descent.
• Jesús Murillo Karam, Mexican politician of Lebanese descent.
• Susana Harp, Mexican singer of traditional music of Lebanese and Mexican descent.
• Omar Fayad, Mexican politician of Lebanese descent.
• Rosemary Barkett, U.S. Federal Judge to Syrian parent.
• Jorge Kahwagi, Mexican boxer, lawyer, businessman, and politician of Lebanese descent.
• Carlos Jiménez Mabarak, Musician of Lebanese descent.
• Maruan Soto Antaki, Mexican film director of Syrian descent.
• Ikram Antaki, Mexican writer, Mother of Maruan Soto Antaki, of Syrian origin.
• Arturo Elías Ayub, Mexican businessman of Lebanese descent.
• Alfredo Elias Ayub, Director General of Federal Electricity Commission, Arturo Elías Ayub is his youngest brother, of Lebanese descent.
• Bibelot Mansur, actress born to a Mexican mother and a father of Lebanese descent.
• Armando Ahued, Mexican, Former Responsible of Health Federal Institution at the Federal District of Mexico City of Lebanese descent.
• Geraldine Zinat, Mexican actress of Arab origin.
• Manuel Abdul Saleh, Mexican businessman of Syrian Lebanese descent.
• Miguel Layún, a Mexican international footballer of Lebanese and Spanish descent.
• Jerónimo Amione, a Mexican footballer of Lebanese and Mexican descent.
• Jaime Sabines, a Mexican poet of Lebanese descent.
• Alejandro Bichir, a Mexican actor of Lebanese and Mexican descent.
• Bruno Bichir, a Mexican actor of Lebanese and Mexican descent.
• Demián Bichir, a Mexican actor of Lebanese and Mexican descent.
• Odiseo Bichir, a Mexican actor of Lebanese and Mexican descent.
• Jorge Estefan Chidiac, Mexican politician of Lebanese descent
• María de Lourdes Dieck-Assad, Mexican economist of Belgian and Levantine descent.

See also

• Arab diaspora
• Immigration to Mexico
• Arab diaspora in Colombia
• Arab Brazilians
• Arab Argentines
• Lebanese diaspora
• Syrian diaspora
• Palestinian diaspora

External links

• Arab Mexican Chamber of Industry and Commerce
• Los árabes de México. Asimilación y Herencia Cultural

References

1. WorldStatesmen.org - Mexico
2. "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-03-27. Retrieved 2010-04-17.
3. Marin-Guzman, Roberto and Zidane Zeraoui. Arab Immigration in Mexico in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries: Assimilation and Arab Heritage.(Book Review) Industry & Business Article - Research, News, Information, Contacts, Divisions, Subsidiaries, Business Associations
4. "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-03-27. Retrieved 2010-04-17.
5. Discovery Mexico: Travel Guide and Booking - Discovery Mexico
6. El emigrante libanés vigila Guadalajara