Russian legislative election, 2016

Russian legislative election, 2016

18 September 2016

All 450 seats to the State Duma 226 seats needed for a majority Turnout 47.88%   First party Second party Third party   Leader Dmitry Medvedev Gennady Zyuganov Vladimir Zhirinovsky Party United Russia Communist Party LDPR Leader since 26 May 2012 14 February 1993 12 April 1991 Leader's seat Federal List Federal List Federal List Last election 238 seats, 49.32% 92 seats, 19.19% 56 seats, 11.67% Seats won 343[1] 42 39 Seat change 105 50 17 Popular vote 28,527,828 7,019,752 6,917,063 Percentage 54.20% 13.34% 13.14%   Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party   Leader Sergey Mironov Aleksey Zhuravlyov Rifat Shaykhutdinov Party A Just Russia Rodina Civic Platform Leader since 27 October 2013 29 September 2012 17 April 2015 Leader's seat Federal List Voronezh — 89 Bashkiriya — 6 Last election 64 seats, 13.24% — — Seats won 23 1 1 Seat change 41 1 1 Popular vote 3,275,053 792,226 115,433 Percentage 6.22% 1.51% 0.22%

Chairman before election Sergey Naryshkin United Russia Chairman Vyacheslav Volodin United Russia

Single member constituencies

Legislative elections were held in Russia on 18 September 2016, having been brought forward from 4 December.^[2] At stake were the 450 seats in the State Duma of the 7th convocation, the lower house of the Federal Assembly of Russia. Prior to the election United Russia had been the ruling party since winning the 2011 elections with 49.32% of the vote, and taking 238 seats (53%) of the seats in the State Duma.

Prior to the election, observers expected that turnout would be low and called the election campaign the dullest in recent memory.^[3]

109,820,679 voters were registered in Russian Federation (including Crimea^{[nb 1]}) on 1 January 2016. Taking into account people registered outside the Russian Federation and the voters in Baikonur, the total number of eligible voters for 1 January 2016 is 111,724,534.^[5] The vote had a record low turnout of 47.88%,^[6] with just 28% of Muscovites casting their votes before 6pm.^[7]

Background

Although the elections had been planned for 4 December 2016, deputies discussed the issue of rescheduling to an earlier date since the spring of 2015, with the second and third Sundays of September or October 2016 as possible alternatives. On 1 July 2015 the Constitutional Court of Russia accepted the possibility of conducting early elections to the Duma in 2016 under certain conditions. According to the Court, the constitution does not require the election date to be exactly five years after the previous elections and the election date can be shifted if the following conditions are met:^[8]

• Shifting of the election date does not disrupt reasonable periodicity of elections.
• Limiting of the real terms of the Duma deputies is insignificant (less than a few months).
• Shifting of the election dates is announced in advance, so to give all the parties enough time to prepare for the elections.

On 19 June 2015 the State Duma approved the first reading of a bill to bring the election to the State Duma forward from 4 December 2016 to the third Sunday of September 2016. The corresponding bill was adopted by the State Duma on the second and third (and final) reading with 339 deputies in favour and 102 against, with no abstentions. The document was put together by the speaker of the Duma, Sergei Naryshkin, and the three leaders of the Duma factions, Vladimir Vasilyev (United Russia), Vladimir Zhirinovsky (LDPR), and Sergei Mironov (A Just Russia). The initiative to transfer the date of elections had not been supported by the deputies of the Communist Party, who called it an unconstitutional decision. Earlier, a similar opinion was expressed by the leader of the Communist Party, Gennady Zyuganov. The September elections were not satisfactory to the Communists in part because the debate fell in August, "when one will be in the garden, the latter on the beach, others with their children" said Zyuganov. The Russian government supported the bill.

On 17 June 2016 President Vladimir Putin signed a decree on the appointment of the State Duma elections on 18 September 2016.^[9] From that day parties had the right to start the nomination process for deputies to hold congresses and transmit documents of candidates to the Central Election Commission of the Russian Federation (CEC) for registration.^[10]

For the first time since the controversial and unilateral 2014 Russian annexation of Crimea (from Ukraine), Crimean voters could vote in a Russian general election.^[3] Ukraine strongly condemned the vote.^[11] Various countries (among them the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom and France) did not recognize the legitimacy of the election in Crimea.^[12][13][14] According to Russia correspondent for Al Jazeera English Rory Challands, (on election day) "Despite many Crimeans voting in Russian elections for 1st time, there's little excitement. Main sentiments so far are apathy and cynicism."^[15] Scuffles between police and Ukrainian nationalists were reported near polling stations for Russian citizens in (the Ukrainian cities) Kiev and Odessa.^[3][16]

In Syria, 4,751 Russian citizens (most of them taking part in the Russian military intervention in Syria) voted.^[17]

Electoral system

The State Duma will be elected on a single day for a term of five years, with parallel voting that was used between 1993 and 2003. Half of the 450 seats will be elected by proportional representation from closed party lists with a 5% electoral threshold with the whole country as a single constituency. Seats are allocated using Hare quota and largest remainder method. The other 225 seats are elected in single-member constituencies using the first-past-the-post system.^[18]

Chronology

A supporter of United Russia handing out leaflets in the street

On June 17, President Vladimir Putin set the date of the election as 18 September 2016. On June 20 the Central Election Commission approved the calendar of the election campaign.^[19]

• From June 18 to July 13 — Period for nomination of candidates (parties in the federal list and single-mandate constituencies, self-nominated in single member constituencies).
• From July 4 to August 3 — Period of registration of federal lists of candidates to the Central Election Commission and of the registration of candidates in single-member constituencies in the district election commissions.
• August 12 — Draw that decided allocation of parties on the federal-list ballot was held.^[20]
• August 16 and 18 — Draw that decided distribution of free TV time (August 16) and free space for parties or candidates in newspapers (August 18) was held.^[21]
• From August 20 to September 16 — Election campaign.
• From 3 August to 6 September — Territorial election commissions issue absentee ballots.
• From 7 to 17 September — Voters can get absentee ballots through election commissions at polling station.
• September 17 — Day of Election silence.
• September 18 — Election day.

Participating parties

The Central Election Commission determined that 14 political parties could submit lists of candidates without collecting signatures.^[22] Whilst other parties were required to present at least 200,000 signatures (with a maximum of 7,000 signatures per region).^[18]

Parties that participated in the election

Fourteen parties were registered to participate in the election. These are the same fourteen parties that did not have to collect signatures in order to participate. None of the parties tasked with collecting signatures were registered on the ballot due to various violations or failure to submit documents.

№ on ballot	Party		Abb.	Party leader	№ 1 in party list	Convention date[23]	Ideology	Contesting on party list? [24]	Contesting on SMC? [24]	Notes
1		Rodina	Rodina	Aleksey Zhuravlyov	Aleksey Zhuravlyov	2 July 2016	National conservatism / Ultranationalism	✓	✓	CEC registered the list of candidates on August 8[25]
2		Communists of Russia	CoR	Maxim Suraykin	Maxim Suraykin	1 July 2016	Communism / Marxism–Leninism	✓	✓	CEC registered the list of candidates on August 3[26]
3		Russian Party of Pensioners for Justice	RPPJ	Vladimir Burakov	Vladimir Burakov	9 July 2016	Social conservatism	✓	✘	CEC registered the list of candidates on August 12[27]
4		United Russia	UR	Dmitry Medvedev	Dmitry Medvedev	26–27 June 2016	Statism / Centrism / National conservatism	✓	✓	CEC registered the list of candidates on August 12[28]
5		Russian Ecological Party "The Greens"	Greens	Anatoly Panfilov	Oleg Mitvol	6 July 2016	Environmentalism / Centrism / Green politics	✓	✓	CEC registered the list of candidates on July 29[29]
6		Civic Platform	CPl	Rifat Shaykhutdinov	Rifat Shaykhutdinov	2 July 2016	Conservatism / Economic Liberalism	✓	✓	CEC registered the list of candidates on July 27[30]
7		Liberal Democratic Party of Russia	LDPR	Vladimir Zhirinovsky	Vladimir Zhirinovsky	28 June 2016	Russian nationalism / Pan-Slavism / Euroscepticism / Anticommunism	✓	✓	CEC registered the list of candidates on July 18[31]
8		People's Freedom Party	PARNAS	Mikhail Kasyanov	Mikhail Kasyanov	2 July 2016	Conservative liberalism / Liberal democracy / Pro-Europeanism	✓	✓	CEC registered the list of candidates on August 3[32]
9		Party of Growth	PoG	Boris Titov	Boris Titov	4 July 2016	Liberal conservatism	✓	✓	CEC registered the list of candidates on August 1[33]
10		Civilian Power	CPo	Kirill Bykanin	Kirill Bykanin	8 July 2016	Liberalism / Green politics	✓	✓	CEC registered the list of candidates on August 3[34]
11		Yabloko	Yabloko	Emilia Slabunova	Grigory Yavlinsky	1–3 July 2016	Social liberalism / Pro-Europeanism / Social democracy	✓	✓	CEC registered the list of candidates on August 5[35]
12		Communist Party of the Russian Federation	CPRF	Gennady Zyuganov	Gennady Zyuganov	25 June 2016	Communism / Left-wing nationalism	✓	✓	CEC registered the list of candidates on August 1[36]
13		Patriots of Russia	PoR	Gennady Semigin	Gennady Semigin	1 July 2016	Democratic socialism / Left-wing nationalism	✓	✓	CEC registered the list of candidates on July 27[37]
14		A Just Russia	JR	Sergey Mironov	Sergey Mironov	27 June 2016	Social democracy / Democratic socialism	✓	✓	CEC registered the list of candidates on July 22[38]

Parties that did not participate in the election

Party		Abb.	Party leader	№ 1 in party list	Convention date[23]	Ideology	Notes
	Alliance of Greens and Social Democrats	AGSD	Alexander Zakondyrin	Alexander Zakondyrin	2 July 2016	Grassroots democracy	Barred from the election because the party leadership did not notify the CEC about holding a pre-election convention[39]
	Great Fatherland Party	GFP	Nikolai Starikov	Nikolai Starikov	28 June 2016	Centrism / National conservatism	CEC refused to register the list of candidates[28]
	Native Party	NP	Alexander Samokhin	—	24 June 2016		Party failed to submit the necessary signatures and as such will not be participating in the election[40]
	Party of Good Deeds	PGD	Andrey Kirillov	—	2 July 2016		Party did not submit documents to the CEC[41]
	Party of the Parents of Future	PPF	Marina Voronova	—	—		Party failed to submit the necessary signatures and as such will not be participating in the election[42]
	Party of Rural Revival	PRR	Vasily Vershinin	—	6 July 2016	Agrarianism	Announced that it would not be taking part in the election.[43] However, nominated several candidates in single-member districts
	Party of Social Reforms	PSR	Stanislav Polishchuk	—	26 June 2016		Barred from the election due to critical deficiencies in the documents filed with the CEC[44]
	People Against Corruption	PAC	Grigory Anisimov	—	22 June 2016		Party did not submit documents to the CEC[41]
	Revival of Agrarian Russia	RAR	Vasily Krylov	—	5 July 2016	Agrarianism	CEC refused to certify the list of candidates[45]
	Union of Labor	UL	Alexander Shershukov	Svetlana Antropova	21 June 2016		CEC refused to register the list of candidates[28]
	Volya	Volya	Svetlana Peunova	Marina Gerasimova	25 June and 2 July 2016	Left-wing nationalism / Democratic socialism / Narodniks	Party failed to submit the necessary signatures and as such will not be participating in the election[46]

Single-member constituencies

In 225 single-member constituencies, candidates could be nominated by a party, or be self-nominated.

Opinion polls

Opinion polling for ruling party (WCIOM)

Opinion polling for opposition parties (WCIOM)

Exit polls

Date	Poll source	UR	CPRF	LDPR	JR	PARNAS	Yabloko	CPl	Rodina	PoR	Greens	PoG[nb 2]	CoR	RPPJ	CPo	Spoilt vote	Lead
18 September 2016	WCIOM	44.5%	14.9%	15.3%	8.1%	1.2%	3.5%	0.3%	2.3%	0.8%	0.8%	1.8%	2.6%	2%	0.2%	1.7%	29.2% over LDPR
18 September 2016	FOM	48.4%	16.3%	14.2%	7.6%	1%	3.2%	0.2%	1.8%	0.6%	0.8%	1.5%	1.5%	1.9%	0.1%	?	32.1% over CPRF

Results

United Russia won a supermajority of seats, which will allow them to change the Constitution without the votes of other parties. Turnout was reported as low. Throughout the day there were reports of voting fraud including video purporting to show officials stuffing ballot boxes.^[47] Additionally, results in many regions demonstrate that United Russia on many poll stations got anomalously close results, for example, 62.2% in more than hundred poll stations in Saratov Oblast. This suggests that the results in these regions likely have been rigged.^[48] The government said there was no evidence of any large scale cheating.^[49] However, on 22 September the Central Electoral Committee canceled the results in seven constituencies, where the number of used ballots exceeded the number of registered voters, or where the authorities were videotaped stuffing the ballots.^[50]

Summary on 18 September 2016 election results

Seat composition before election: JR - 64, CPRF - 92, UR - 238, LDPR - 56

Seat composition after election: UR - 343, CPRF - 42, LDPR - 39, JR - 23, Rodina - 1, CPl - 1, Independent - 1

Party		PR				Constituency			Total result
		Votes	%	±pp	Seats	Votes	%	Seats	Seats	+/–
	United Russia	28,527,828	54.20	4.87	140	25,162,770	50.12	203	343	+105
	Communist Party of the Russian Federation	7,019,752	13.34	5.85	35	6,492,145	12.93	7	42	–50
	Liberal Democratic Party of Russia	6,917,063	13.14	1.46	34	5,064,794	10.09	5	39	–17
	A Just Russia	3,275,053	6.22	7.01	16	5,017,645	10.00	7	23	–41
	Communists of Russia	1,192,595	2.27	N/A	0	1,847,824	3.68	0	0	+0
	Yabloko	1,051,335	1.99	1.44	0	1,323,793	2.64	0	0	+0
	Russian Party of Pensioners for Justice	910,848	1.73	N/A[51]	0	No SMC				+0
	Rodina	792,226	1.51	N/A[52]	0	1,241,642	2.47	1	1	+1
	Party of Growth	679,030	1.29	0.69	0	1,171,259	2.33	0		+0
	The Greens	399,429	0.76	N/A[53]	0	770,076	1.53	0		+0
	People's Freedom Party	384,675	0.73	N/A[54]	0	530,862	1.06	0		+0
	Patriots of Russia	310,015	0.59	0.38	0	704,197	1.40	0		+0
	Civic Platform	115,433	0.22	N/A	0	364,100	0.73	1	1	+1
	Civilian Power	73,971	0.14	N/A	0	79,922	0.16	0		+0
	Independent	No Party List				429,051	0.85	1	1	+1
Invalid/blank votes		982,596	–	–		–	–	–	–	–
Total		52,700,922	100	0.00	225		100	225	450	0
Registered voters/turnout		110,061,200	47.88	0.00		0	0.00
Source: CIKRF

By region

The breakdown of the party-list results by region is as follows:^[55]

Region	JR	CPl	CPo	CPRF	CoR	LDPR	PoG	PoR	PARNAS	Rodina	RPPJ	Greens	UR	Yabloko	Turnout	Invalid ballots
Adygea	4.83%	0.13%	0.10%	13.37%	2.23%	12.66%	0.69%	0.24%	0.33%	1.13%	1.35%	0.65%	59.45%	0.89%	53.9%
Altai Krai	13.78%	0.15%	0.15%	17.25%	3.66%	19.82%	0.84%	0.30%	0.60%	1.15%	1.76%	0.71%	35.19%	2.03%	40.7%
Altai Republic	4.10%	0.11%	0.14%	18.89%	2.69%	12.73%	0.52%	0.69%	0.94%	5.66%	1.36%	0.55%	48.81%	0.81%	45.1%
Amur Oblast	4.15%	0.19%	0.17%	16.62%	2.49%	29.02%	0.63%	0.52%	0.45%	1.28%	2.54%	0.72%	37.91%	0.91%	42.4%
Arkhangelsk Oblast	9.17%	0.17%	0.13%	12.78%	1.97%	19.73%	1.21%	0.45%	0.83%	1.62%	2.99%	0.86%	44.48%	2%	36.5%
Astrakhan Oblast	17.56%	0.19%	0.17%	14.18%	3.31%	13.13%	0.89%	0.38%	0.73%	1.10%	1.57%	0.64%	42.22%	0.99%	36.9%
Baikonur	2.42%	0.16%	0.14%	11.98%	1.65%	29.73%	0.79%	0.59%	0.70%	1.94%	2.70%	0.99%	42.64%	1.03%	43.1%
Bashkortostan	6.88%	0.30%	0.14%	18.62%	1.84%	11.29%	0.36%	0.39%	0.21%	0.69%	0.99%	0.51%	56.37%	0.52%	69.7%
Belgorod Oblast	7.01%	0.20%	0.12%	14.93%	1.94%	13.73%	0.67%	0.29%	0.44%	1.20%	1.73%	0.68%	54.73%	0.78%	62.1%
Bryansk Oblast	3.48%	0.19%	0.10%	13.29%	1.83%	10.80%	0.54%	0.32%	0.38%	1.43%	1.26%	0.44%	63.91%	0.76%	55.1%
Buryatia	6.55%	0.82%	0.14%	20.59%	2.87%	13.54%	3.90%	0.40%	0.52%	0.83%	2.19%	0.57%	43.34%	1.17%	40.5%
Chechnya	1.12%	0.02%	0.07%	0.02%	0.96%	0.01%	0.16%	0.36%	0.01%	0.26%	0.11%	0.53%	96.29%	0.03%	94.9%
Chelyabinsk Oblast	17.48%	0.2%	0.15%	12.02%	2.43%	16.73%	1.23%	0.48%	0.94%	1.80%	2.34%	1.07%	38.19%	2.14%	44.4%
Chukotka Autonomous Okrug	3.13%	0.19%	0.13%	7.76%	1.62%	17.34%	0.70%	0.48%	0.39%	1.21%	2.17%	0.81%	58.8%	0.80%	64.5%
Chuvashia	10.69%	0.31%	0.18%	13.42%	1.94%	11.72%	0.77%	0.60%	0.63%	1.02%	2.78%	1.01%	50.92%	1.01%	59.3%
Crimea[nb 3]	2.06%	0.20%	0.09%	5.60%	1.26%	11.14%	0.41%	0.26%	0.54%	1.39%	1.07%	0.69%	72.80%	0.68%	49.1%
Dagestan	2.20%	0.07%	0.08%	5.35%	0.37%	0.52%	0.47%	0.53%	0.07%	0.32%	0.25%	0.17%	88.90%	0.15%	88.1%
Ingushetia	9.57%	0.22%	0.54%	5.65%	0.20%	1.65%	2.14%	2.20%	0.06%	3.85%	0.11%	0.88%	72.41%	0.20%	81.4%
Irkutsk Oblast	5.19%	0.30%	0.13%	24.08%	3.09%	17.01%	1.25%	0.87%	0.48%	1.46%	1.95%	0.89%	39.77%	1.43%	34.6%
Ivanovo Oblast	7.31%	0.23%	0.10%	18.08%	3.07%	17.67%	1.09%	0.55%	0.94%	1.48%	2.53%	0.94%	42.38%	2.02%	38.5%
Jewish Autonomous Oblast	2.80%	0.16%	0.14%	17.11%	3.31%	21.90%	0.65%	0.43%	0.45%	0.98%	1.94%	0.65%	45.03%	0.93%	39.6%
Kabardino-Balkaria	2.09%	0.01%	0.01%	18.90%	0.11%	0.15%	0.24%	0.11%	0.01%	0.06%	0.02%	0.54%	77.71%	0.04%	90.1%
Kaliningrad Oblast	5.62%	0.21%	0.14%	13.99%	2.76%	16.60%	2.30%	3.42%	1.04%	2.03%	2.21%	0.81%	43.39%	2.37%	44.0%
Kalmykia	3.18%	0.27%	0.11%	11.69%	1.56%	4.29%	0.58%	2.31%	0.34%	0.50%	1.24%	0.42%	70.61%	1.42%	57.5%
Kaluga Oblast	6.21%	0.17%	0.13%	15.95%	2.40%	17.38%	1.33%	0.60%	0.86%	1.87%	2.41%	0.91%	45.75%	2.21%	43.1%
Kamchatka Krai	4.42%	0.22%	0.17%	12.59%	2.54%	21.31%	1.26%	0.74%	0.54%	1.42%	2.37%	0.98%	46.70%	1.40%	39.5%
Karachay-Cherkessia	1.07%	0.10%	0.05%	7.97%	6.59%	0.64%	0.20%	0.65%	0.40%	0.20%	0.11%	0.10%	81.67%	0.40%	93.3%
Karelia	10.09%	0.30%	0.13%	13.05%	2.56%	17.57%	1.66%	0.90%	0.82%	1.42%	2.32%	0.95%	37.30%	7.80%	39.6%
Kemerovo Oblast	4.51%	0.10%	0.09%	7.21%	0.60%	7.72%	0.15%	0.49%	0.16%	0.23%	0.35%	0.17%	77.33%	0.44%	86.7%
Khabarovsk Krai	4.52%	0.23%	0.17%	16.46%	3.31%	25.01%	1.11%	0.42%	1.13%	1.60%	2.99%	1.22%	37.31%	1.85%	36.9%
Khakassia	7.17%	0.17%	0.14%	20.90%	3.49%	19.52%	0.86%	0.76%	0.70%	1.32%	2.09%	1.03%	38.06%	1.44%	39.4%
Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug	5.57%	0.22%	0.15%	9.69%	2.15%	22.31%	1.03%	0.59%	0.62%	2.25%	2.17%	0.77%	47.61%	1.13%	39.2%
Kirov Oblast	9.46%	0.23%	0.16%	13.58%	2.64%	24.94%	1.40%	0.36%	0.56%	1.43%	2.38%	0.74%	37.96%	1.63%	41.9%
Komi Republic	8.82%	0.25%	0.22%	12.49%	3.67%	22.59%	1.23%	0.69%	0.85%	1.86%	3.51%	1.12%	37.85%	1.76%	40.7%
Kostroma Oblast	8.05%	0.15%	0.10%	21.40%	3.17%	18.85%	1.32%	0.30%	0.81%	2.73%	2.32%	0.74%	36.56%	1.77%	39.4%
Krasnodar Krai	3.69%	0.19%	0.14%	12.63%	1.98%	13.76%	1.21%	0.42%	0.54%	1.55%	1.62%	0.61%	59.30%	0.97%	51.2%
Krasnoyarsk Krai	4.86%	0.26%	0.16%	14.41%	3.06%	20.26%	1.02%	5.13%	0.77%	1.84%	2.20%	1.15%	40.45%	1.57%	36.6%
Kurgan Oblast	13.79%	0.14%	0.11%	14.56%	3.03%	18.83%	0.66%	0.42%	0.51%	1.40%	1.93%	0.60%	41.51%	0.96%	41.8%
Kursk Oblast	4.55%	0.21%	0.13%	12.83%	3.55%	15.66%	0.74%	2.61%	0.55%	1.24%	1.62%	0.92%	51.70%	1.28%	47.0%
Leningrad Oblast	9.61%	0.23%	0.14%	10.37%	2.22%	13.30%	2.46%	0.37%	0.95%	1.81%	2.13%	0.90%	50.04%	2.57%	44.1%
Lipetsk Oblast	5.96%	0.15%	0.11%	13.68%	1.99%	12.33%	0.69%	0.45%	0.51%	1.80%	2.50%	0.49%	56.19%	1.20%	52.6%
Magadan Oblast	7.72%	0.35%	0.10%	14.84%	2.74%	19.15%	1.22%	0.48%	0.64%	1.26%	2.51%	0.87%	44.69%	1.08%	40.5%
Mari El	4.60%	0.21%	0.10%	27.28%	4.11%	10.44%	0.55%	0.24%	0.42%	0.96%	1.23%	0.60%	46.70%	0.86%	53.3%
Mordovia	2.49%	0.06%	0.05%	5.16%	0.60%	5.19%	0.18%	0.20%	0.15%	0.29%	0.33%	0.14%	84.36%	0.31%	83.0%
Moscow	6.54%	0.32%	0.25%	13.90%	1.97%	13.09%	3.55%	0.60%	2.62%	3.52%	2.93%	1.77%	37.76%	9.53%	35.2%
Moscow Oblast	5.02%	0.25%	0.17%	15.24%	2.04%	14.89%	1.90%	0.62%	1.19%	2.57%	2.56%	1.34%	45.99%	3.45%	37.9%
Murmansk Oblast	8.72%	1.13%	0.17%	11.13%	2.73%	19.97%	1.38%	0.41%	1.00%	1.79%	3.26%	1.09%	41.98%	2.28%	39.7%
Nenets Autonomous Okrug	4.41%	0.21%	0.20%	18.45%	2.87%	21.80%	1.02%	0.51%	0.77%	2.22%	2.24%	1.08%	41.11%	1.23%	44.8%
Nizhny Novgorod Oblast	5.11%	0.14%	0.12%	12.83%	2.26%	12.36%	0.94%	0.40%	0.68%	1.70%	1.69%	0.52%	58.15%	1.30%	44.4%
North Ossetia-Alania	1.86%	0.05%	0.04%	22.18%	0.74%	1.75%	0.17%	3.92%	0.10%	0.98%	0.25%	0.22%	67.09%	0.15%	85.6%
Novgorod Oblast	12.60%	0.25%	0.14%	15.67%	2.58%	16.18%	1.78%	0.42%	0.75%	1.34%	2.33%	0.81%	40.05%	2.81%	39.8%
Novosibirsk Oblast	5.61%	0.26%	0.13%	19.55%	3.48%	19.55%	0.96%	0.37%	1.04%	3.13%	1.82%	0.84%	38.26%	2.30%	34.9%
Omsk Oblast	6.24%	0.24%	0.16%	25.21%	4.55%	15.61%	1.98%	0.31%	0.74%	1.27%	1.72%	0.64%	36.32%	1.91%	38.7%
Orenburg Oblast	5.39%	0.21%	0.13%	18.38%	3.08%	22.66%	1.02%	0.62%	0.60%	1.04%	1.68%	0.55%	40.85%	1.35%	41.6%
Oryol Oblast	5.63%	0.24%	0.12%	17.86%	3.74%	15.33%	0.94%	0.38%	0.64%	1.13%	1.73%	0.75%	47.93%	1.10%	53.5%
Penza Oblast	4.44%	0.12%	0.08%	12.48%	2.12%	10.02%	0.58%	0.24%	0.47%	0.89%	1.37%	0.47%	64.26%	1.03%	60.6%
Perm Krai	9.02%	0.21%	0.16%	14.24%	3.36%	15.75%	1.74%	0.35%	0.86%	1.45%	2.24%	0.69%	42.65%	3.07%	35.1%
Primorsky Krai	5.16%	0.21%	0.17%	17.95%	3.38%	19.66%	1.51%	0.45%	0.86%	1.87%	3.80%	0.82%	38.99%	1.79%	37.3%
Pskov Oblast	7.27%	0.19%	0.18%	17.41%	2.59%	14.23%	1.18%	0.71%	0.53%	1.47%	2.17%	0.81%	45.15%	4.14%	42.1%
Rostov Oblast	4.34%	0.20%	0.12%	13.60%	2.29%	12.49%	0.82%	0.34%	0.57%	1.53%	1.58%	0.58%	58.79%	1.18%	48.2%
Ryazan Oblast	5.00%	0.18%	0.10%	13.99%	2.58%	14.99%	0.82%	0.30%	0.73%	1.49%	1.85%	0.72%	54.52%	1.34%	43.3%
Saint Petersburg	6.90%	0.28%	0.31%	11.31%	1.23%	11.36%	8.52%	0.44%	2.18%	2.62%	2.19%	1.53%	39.71%	9.08%	32.5%
Sakha Republic	15.20%	0.82%	0.16%	14.35%	3.14%	10.70%	0.73%	0.30%	0.49%	1.56%	2.34%	0.82%	46.42%	1.16%	48.1%
Sakhalin Oblast	3.40%	0.21%	0.14%	15.44%	3.25%	20.03%	1.07%	0.59%	0.72%	1.72%	3.00%	0.90%	45.44%	1.74%	37.1%
Samara Oblast	4.47%	0.51%	0.16%	15.94%	2.75%	14.27%	1.45%	0.36%	0.91%	1.33%	1.44%	0.86%	50.77%	1.99%	52.8%
Saratov Oblast	4.22%	0.14%	0.18%	10.36%	2.06%	9.36%	0.59%	0.53%	0.36%	1.03%	0.76%	0.49%	68.17%	0.89%	64.4%
Sevastopol[nb 4]	5.09%	0.12%	0.07%	12.07%	1.90%	15.36%	3.58%	0.30%	0.56%	2.29%	0.98%	0.78%	53.78%	0.65%	47.0%
Smolensk Oblast	4.35%	0.20%	0.11%	15.82%	2.23%	19.42%	0.86%	0.59%	0.64%	1.38%	2.10%	0.72%	48.13%	1.33%	40.3%
Stavropol Krai	4.34%	0.18%	0.15%	13.19%	2.67%	15.52%	1.02%	0.42%	0.52%	1.29%	1.72%	0.85%	54.26%	0.99%	42.0%
Sverdlovsk Oblast	13.20%	0.35%	0.16%	11.88%	2.61%	16.54%	1.47%	0.50%	0.97%	1.57%	3.03%	1.25%	40.53%	2.90%	41.4%
Tambov Oblast	3.89%	0.11%	0.09%	10.77%	1.76%	7.76%	0.42%	0.21%	0.39%	7.21%	0.94%	0.38%	63.51%	0.87%	49.2%
Tatarstan	2.26%	0.12%	0.11%	4.07%	3.02%	2.25%	0.23%	0.20%	0.27%	0.41%	0.49%	0.20%	85.27%	0.55%	78.7%
Tomsk Oblast	7.33%	0.20%	0.17%	12.58%	3.52%	20.46%	1.84%	0.50%	1.10%	1.45%	1.91%	1.55%	40.67%	3.71%	33.8%
Tula Oblast	4.47%	0.17%	0.13%	14.41%	2.61%	14.28%	0.98%	0.32%	0.77%	1.79%	2.60%	0.99%	53.02%	1.76%	45.6%
Tuva	4.35%	0.10%	0.09%	4.17%	1.15%	3.12%	0.23%	0.24%	0.47%	0.25%	0.94%	0.26%	82.61%	0.93%	89.7%
Tver Oblast	9.61%	0.17%	0.14%	15.23%	2.18%	16.35%	1.07%	0.41%	0.79%	1.94%	2.26%	0.76%	45.00%	1.92%	41.6%
Tyumen Oblast	11.45%	0.14%	0.11%	12.27%	0.50%	14.12%	0.25%	0.24%	0.20%	0.35%	0.53%	0.23%	58.35%	0.39%	81.1%
Udmurtia	8.91%	0.31%	0.13%	13.93%	2.24%	12.28%	3.18%	0.67%	0.61%	1.15%	1.82%	0.62%	50.52%	1.19%	44.4%
Ulyanovsk Oblast	3.34%	0.21%	0.12%	19.16%	3.24%	15.99%	1.81%	0.46%	0.61%	1.13%	1.89%	0.54%	48.46%	1.23%	52.3%
Vladimir Oblast	7.61%	0.39%	0.15%	13.03%	3.37%	17.96%	1.25%	0.42%	0.84%	1.94%	3.04%	0.99%	45.20%	1.77%	38.4%
Volgograd Oblast	5.61%	0.16%	0.11%	14.94%	2.53%	16.17%	0.88%	0.79%	0.73%	1.27%	1.82%	0.73%	50.64%	1.76%	42.1%
Vologda Oblast	10.54%	0.23%	0.15%	13.87%	2.76%	21.40%	1.45%	0.40%	0.97%	1.40%	4.03%	1.00%	37.21%	2.43%	40.8%
Voronezh Oblast	7.07%	0.12%	0.10%	15.59%	1.98%	9.25%	0.70%	0.54%	0.53%	1.48%	1.28%	0.56%	58.67%	0.97%	53.7%
Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug	4.74%	0.28%	0.27%	6.86%	1.15%	14.02%	0.65%	0.46%	0.43%	0.73%	0.90%	0.49%	67.14%	0.67%	74.3%
Yaroslavl Oblast	10.27%	0.28%	0.11%	16.04%	2.19%	17.36%	1.43%	0.59%	1.26%	2.50%	2.51%	1.46%	38.43%	3.77%	37.8%
Zabaykalsky Krai	4.17%	0.35%	0.16%	15.93%	3.38%	26.40%	0.66%	0.81%	0.50%	1.19%	2.13%	0.78%	39.87%	0.82%	38.9%
Total	6.23%	0.22%	0.14%	13.34%	2.27%	13.14%	1.29%	0.59%	0.73%	1.51%	1.73%	0.76%	54.19%	1.99%	47.8%

Turnout (red) and United Russia vote (blue)

KPRF (red) vs LDPR (blue), percentage difference based on total number of registered voters

By constituency

Notes

1. Recognized by most members of the UN as part of Ukraine.^[4]
2. In opinion polls often found under the old name of "Right Cause"
3. Recognized by most members of the UN as part of Ukraine^[56]
4. Recognized by most members of the UN as part of Ukraine^[56]

References

1. https://ria.ru/infografika/20160918/1476912507.html
2. "State Duma passes first reading of bill to postpone the elections". Vedomosti. 19 June 2015. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
3. Russia votes in parliamentary election with firm Putin grip, BBC News (18 September 2016)
4. UKRAINE REPORTS RUSSIAN MILITARY ACTIVITY ON CRIMEA BORDER, Newsweek (8 August 2016)
   Gutterman, Steve. "Putin signs Crimea treaty, will not seize other Ukraine regions". Reuters.com. Retrieved 26 March 2014.
   Ukraine crisis timeline, BBC News
   UN General Assembly adopts resolution affirming Ukraine's territorial integrity, China Central Television (28 March 2014)
6. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/sep/19/russia-stays-loyal-kremlin-election-record-low-turnout
7. http://www.economist.com/news/europe/21707388-reshuffle-russias-security-services-may-follow-parliamentary-elections-vladimir-putins
8. "On 1 July 2015, Constitutional Court of Russia announces ruiling on interpretation of part 1 of article 96 and parts 1, 2, and 4 of article 99 of the Russian Constitution". Constitutional Court of Russia.
9. "Владимир Путин назначил выборы в Госдуму на 18 сентября". Retrieved 18 September 2016 – via Kommersant.
10. "Владимир Путин объявил выборы в Госдуму". Retrieved 18 September 2016 – via Kommersant.
11. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/sep/18/russia-votes-in-election-unlikely-to-loosen-putins-grip-on-power
12. http://www.rferl.mobi/a/us-says-russian-duma-elections-crimea-september-18-are-illegal-/27996754.html
13. "Париж не признает законность голосования жителей Крыма на выборах в Госдуму". Retrieved 2016-09-19.
14. http://uatoday.tv/politics/canada-becomes-another-country-to-not-recognize-the-russian-elections-in-annexed-crimea-750503.html
15. https://mobile.twitter.com/rorychallandsAJ/status/777425805609734144?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw
16. http://www.rferl.mobi/a/ukraine-russian-embassy-kyiv-protests-elections/27998434.html
17. Zahl der russischen Soldaten in Syrien enthüllt
18. "Федеральный закон "О выборах депутатов Государственной Думы Федерального Собрания Российской Федерации" от 22.02.2014 N 20-ФЗ (действующая редакция, 2016) / КонсультантПлюс". Retrieved 18 September 2016.
19. "Центральная избирательная комиссия Российской Федерации". Retrieved 18 September 2016.
20. ЦИК РФ ПРОВЕДЕТ ЖЕРЕБЬЕВКУ ПОРЯДКА НАИМЕНОВАНИЙ ПАРТИЙ В БЮЛЛЕТЕНЯХ 12 АВГУСТА. (In Russian). Retrieved 2016-08-06
21. "Жеребьёвка эфирного времени в СМИ для депутатов пройдёт в ЦИК 16 и 18 августа". Retrieved 18 September 2016.
22. "Information on political parties allowed to participate in the election of deputies of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation without the collection of voter signatures (in accordance with Article 44 of the Federal Law of 22 February 2014 "On elections of deputies of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation")" (doc). Central Election Commission of Russia (cikrf.ru). 2014-10-28. Retrieved 2015-12-31.
23. "Парад партийных съездов". Retrieved 18 September 2016.
24. "ЦИК заверил списки: 20 партий продолжат участие в думской кампании". Retrieved 18 September 2016.
25. "ЦИК зарегистрировал федеральный список "Родины" на выборах в Госдуму". Retrieved 2016-08-08.
26. "ЦИК РФ зарегистрировал федеральный список кандидатов в депутаты Госдумы от "Коммунистов России"" (in Russian). Retrieved 2016-08-03.
27. "ЦИК зарегистрировал список Российской партии пенсионеров на выборах". Retrieved 2016-08-12.
28. "ЦИК зарегистрировал список кандидатов из 14 партий в Госдуме". Retrieved 2016-08-12.
29. CEC registered Greens list for the elections to State Duma
30. "ЦИК зарегистрировал федеральный список "Гражданской платформы"". Retrieved 18 September 2016.
31. "ЦИК РФ зарегистрировал список ЛДПР для участия в выборах в Госдуму". Retrieved 18 September 2016.
32. "Центризбирком зарегистрировал федеральный список кандидатов в депутаты Госдумы от ПАРНАС" (in Russian). Retrieved 2016-08-03.
33. "ЦИК зарегистрировал федеральный список "Партии роста" на выборах в Госдуму". Retrieved 2016-08-02.
34. "ЦИК зарегистрировал федеральный список "Гражданской силы" на выборах". Retrieved 2016-08-03.
35. "ЦИК зарегистрировал федеральный список "Яблока" на выборах". Retrieved 2016-08-05.
36. "ЦИК зарегистрировал список КПРФ на выборах в Госдуму". ТВ Центр - Официальный сайт телекомпании (in Russian). Retrieved 2016-08-02.
37. "ЦИК зарегистрировала федеральный список "Патриотов России"". Retrieved 18 September 2016.
38. "ЦИК зарегистрировал список кандидатов "Справедливой России" на выборах в ГД". Retrieved 18 September 2016.
39. "Памфилова заявила о неправомерности съезда партии "Альянс зеленых"". Retrieved 18 September 2016.
40. "ЦИК не зарегистрировал на выборах в Госдуму список "Родной партии"". Retrieved 2016-08-10.
41. CEC: 22 parties submitted list of candidates
42. ""Партия родителей будущего" не собрала подписи для выборов в Госдуму". www.tv2.tomsk.ru. Retrieved 2016-08-04.
43. "Непарламентские партии рассказали о сборе подписей для участия в выборах". Retrieved 2016-08-04.
44. "ЦИК отказался заверять списки "Партии социальных реформ" на выборах в ГД". Retrieved 18 September 2016.
45. CEC refused to certify RAR list of single-member constituencies candidates
46. "ЦИК не зарегистрировал список партии "Воли" на выборах". Retrieved 2016-08-05.
47. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-37403673
48. Zelensky, Mikhail (22 September 2016). "Загадочные 62%. На родине Володина нашлась самая подозрительная цифра выборов" (in Russian). Slon. Retrieved 22 September 2016.
49. "Pro-Putin party wins Russian parliamentary election". Reuters. 2016-09-18. Retrieved 2016-09-18.
50. Sharkov, Damien (22 September 2016). "Russia Cancels Election Results After Ballot Stuffing". The Newsweek. Retrieved 23 September 2016.
51. Russian Party of Pensioners for Justice participated in the last election as part of A Just Russia https://rg.ru/2012/10/29/partii-site.html
52. Rodina participated in the last election as part of A Just Russia https://rg.ru/2012/10/29/partii-site.html
53. The Greens participated in the last election as part of A Just Russia http://www.neva24.ru/a/2012/02/11/Partija_Zelenie_vnov_po/
54. The party did not participate in the 2011 elections because its registration was revoked from 2007 until 2012
55. "Выборы депутатов Госдумы VII созыва". Retrieved 2016-09-20.
56. UKRAINE REPORTS RUSSIAN MILITARY ACTIVITY ON CRIMEA BORDER, Newsweek (8 August 2016)
    Gutterman, Steve. "Putin signs Crimea treaty, will not seize other Ukraine regions". Reuters.com. Retrieved 26 March 2014.
    Ukraine crisis timeline, BBC News
    UN General Assembly adopts resolution affirming Ukraine's territorial integrity, China Central Television (28 March 2014)

External links

• Central Elections Commission of Russia
• WCIOM
• FOM
• 2016 State Duma Elections
• Full info on Ura.ru