GLUT2

SLC2A2

Identifiers

SLC2A2, GLUT2, solute carrier family 2 member 2

External IDs

MGI: 1095438 HomoloGene: 68047 GeneCards: SLC2A2

Gene ontology
Molecular function	• transporter activity • transmembrane transporter activity • substrate-specific transmembrane transporter activity • hexose transmembrane transporter activity • dehydroascorbic acid transporter activity • glucose transmembrane transporter activity • D-glucose transmembrane transporter activity
Cellular component	• brush border • cytoplasm • integral component of membrane • cell-cell junction • integral component of plasma membrane • apical plasma membrane • membrane • plasma membrane
Biological process	• hexose transport • glucose transport • glucose transmembrane transport • dehydroascorbic acid transport • carbohydrate transport • transport • regulation of insulin secretion • carbohydrate metabolic process • transmembrane transport • hexose transmembrane transport
Sources:Amigo / QuickGO

Orthologs

Species

Human

Mouse

Entrez


6514


20526

Ensembl


ENSG00000163581


ENSMUSG00000027690

UniProt


P11168


P14246

RefSeq (mRNA)


NM_000340 NM_001278658 NM_001278659


NM_031197

RefSeq (protein)


NP_000331.1 NP_001265587.1 NP_001265588.1


NP_112474.2

Location (UCSC)

Chr 3: 171 – 171.03 Mb

Chr 3: 28.7 – 28.73 Mb

PubMed search

^[1]

^[2]

Wikidata

View/Edit Human

View/Edit Mouse

Glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) also known as solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 2 (SLC2A2) is a transmembrane carrier protein that enables protein facilitated glucose movement across cell membranes. It is the principal transporter for transfer of glucose between liver and blood, and has a role in renal glucose reabsorption. It is also capable of transporting fructose.^[3] Unlike GLUT4, it does not rely on insulin for facilitated diffusion.

In humans, this protein is encoded by the SLC2A2 gene.^[4]^[5]

Tissue distribution

GLUT2 is found in cellular membranes of:

liver (Primary)
pancreatic β cell (Primary)
hypothalamus (Not overly significant)
basolateral membrane of small intestine and apical GLUT2 is also suggested.^[6]
basolateral membrane of renal tubular cells^[7]

Function

GLUT2 has high capacity for glucose but low affinity (high K_m, ca. 15-20 mM) and thus functions as part of the "glucose sensor" in pancreatic β-cells. It is a very efficient carrier for glucose.^[8]^[9]

GLUT2 also carries glucosamine.^[10]

When the glucose concentration in the lumen of the small intestine goes above 30mM, such as occurs in the fed-state, GLUT2 is up-regulated at the brush border membrane, enhancing the capacity of glucose transport. Basolateral GLUT2 in enterocytes also aids in the transport of fructose into the bloodstream through glucose-dependent cotransport.

Clinical significance

Defects in the SLC2A2 gene are associated with a particular type of glycogen storage disease called Fanconi-Bickel syndrome.^[11]

In drug-treated diabetic pregnancies in which glucose levels in the woman are uncontrolled, neural tube and cardiac defects in the early-developing brain, spine, and heart depend upon functional GLUT2 carriers, and defects in the GLUT2 gene have been shown to be protective against such defects in rats.^[12] However, whilst a lack of GLUT2 adaptability^[13] is negative, it is important to remember the fact that the main result of untreated gestational diabetes appears to cause babies to be of above-average size, which may well be an advantage that is managed very well with a healthy GLUT2 status.

Maintaining a regulated osmotic balance of sugar concentration between the blood circulation and the interstitial spaces is critical in some cases of edema including cerebral edema.

GLUT2 appears to be particularly important to osmoregulation, and preventing edema-induced stroke, transient ischemic attack or coma, especially when blood glucose concentration is above average.^[14] GLUT2 could reasonably be referred to as the "diabetic glucose transporter" or a "stress hyperglycemia glucose transporter."

Interactive pathway map

Click on genes, proteins and metabolites below to link to respective articles. ^{[§ 1]}

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|{{{bSize}}}px|alt=Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis edit]]

Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis edit

↑ The interactive pathway map can be edited at WikiPathways: "GlycolysisGluconeogenesis_WP534".

References

↑ "Human PubMed Reference:".
↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:".
↑ Gwyn W. Gould; Helen M. Thomas; Thomas J. Jess; Graeme I. Bell (May 1991). "Expression of human glucose transporters in Xenopus oocytes: kinetic characterization and substrate specificities of the erythrocyte, liver, and brain isoforms". Biochemistry. 30 (21): 5139–5145. doi:10.1021/bi00235a004.
↑ Froguel P, Zouali H, Sun F, Velho G, Fukumoto H, Passa P, Cohen D (July 1991). "CA repeat polymorphism in the glucose transporter GLUT 2 gene". Nucleic Acids Res. 19 (13): 3754. doi:10.1093/nar/19.13.3754-a. PMC 328421. PMID 1852621.
↑ Uldry M, Thorens B (2004). "The SLC2 family of facilitated hexose and polyol transporters". Pflugers Arch. 447 (5): 480–489. doi:10.1007/s00424-003-1085-0. PMID 12750891.
↑ Kellett GL, Brot-Laroche E (2005). "Apical GLUT2: a major pathway of intestinal sugar absorption". Diabetes. 54 (10): 3056–62. doi:10.2337/diabetes.54.10.3056. PMID 16186415.
↑ Freitas HS, Schaan BD, Seraphim PM, Nunes MT, Machado UF (June 2005). "Acute and short-term insulin-induced molecular adaptations of GLUT2 gene expression in the renal cortex of diabetic rats". Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 237 (1-2): 49–57. doi:10.1016/j.mce.2005.03.005. PMID 15869838.
↑ Guillam MT, Hümmler E, Schaerer E, Yeh JI, Birnbaum MJ, Beermann F, Schmidt A, Dériaz N, Thorens B, Wu JY (November 1997). "Early diabetes and abnormal postnatal pancreatic islet development in mice lacking Glut-2". Nat. Genet. 17 (3): 327–30. doi:10.1038/ng1197-327. PMID 9354799.
↑ Efrat S (November 1997). "Making sense of glucose sensing". Nat. Genet. 17 (3): 249–50. doi:10.1038/ng1197-249. PMID 9354775.
↑ Uldry M, Ibberson M, Hosokawa M, Thorens B (July 2002). "GLUT2 is a high affinity glucosamine transporter". FEBS Lett. 524 (1-3): 199–203. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(02)03058-2. PMID 12135767.
↑ Santer R, Groth S, Kinner M, Dombrowski A, Berry GT, Brodehl J, Leonard JV, Moses S, Norgren S, Skovby F, Schneppenheim R, Steinmann B, Schaub J (January 2002). "The mutation spectrum of the facilitative glucose transporter gene SLC2A2 (GLUT2) in patients with Fanconi-Bickel syndrome". Hum. Genet. 110 (1): 21–9. doi:10.1007/s00439-001-0638-6. PMID 11810292.
↑ Li R, Thorens B, Loeken MR (March 2007). "Expression of the gene encoding the high-Km glucose transporter 2 by the early postimplantation mouse embryo is essential for neural tube defects associated with diabetic embryopathy". Diabetologia. 50 (3): 682–9. doi:10.1007/s00125-006-0579-7. PMID 17235524.
↑ Thomson AB, Wild G (March 1997). "Adaptation of intestinal nutrient transport in health and disease. Part I". Dig. Dis. Sci. 42 (3): 453–69. doi:10.1023/A:1018807120691. PMID 9073126.
↑ Stolarczyk E, Le Gall M, Even P, Houllier A, Serradas P, Brot-Laroche E, Leturque A (2007). Maedler K, ed. "Loss of sugar detection by GLUT2 affects glucose homeostasis in mice". PLoS ONE. 2 (12): e1288. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0001288. PMC 2100167. PMID 18074013.

External links

Glucose Transporter Type 2 at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

Membrane proteins, carrier proteins: membrane transport proteins solute carrier (TC 2A)

By group

SLC1–10

(1):	high affinity glutamate and neutral amino-acid transporter SLC1A1 2 3 4 5 6 7

(2):	facilitative GLUT transporter SLC2A1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

(3):	heavy subunits of heterodimeric amino-acid transporters SLC3A1 2

(4):	bicarbonate transporter SLC4A1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

(5):	sodium glucose cotransporter SLC5A1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

(6):	sodium- and chloride- dependent sodium:neurotransmitter symporters SLC6A1 SLC6A2 SLC6A3 SLC6A4 SLC6A5 SLC6A6 SLC6A7 SLC6A8 SLC6A9 SLC6A10 SLC6A11 SLC6A12 SLC6A13 SLC6A14 SLC6A15 SLC6A16 SLC6A17 SLC6A18 SLC6A19 SLC6A20

(7):	cationic amino-acid transporter/glycoprotein-associated SLC7A1 SLC7A2 SLC7A3 SLC7A4 glycoprotein-associated/light or catalytic subunits of heterodimeric amino-acid transporters SLC7A5 SLC7A6 SLC7A7 SLC7A8 SLC7A9 SLC7A10 SLC7A11 SLC7A13 SLC7A14

(8):	Na⁺/Ca²⁺ exchanger SLC8A1 SLC8A2 SLC8A3

(9):	Na⁺/H⁺ exchanger SLC9A1 SLC9A2 SLC9A3 SLC9A4 SLC9A5 SLC9A6 SLC9A7 SLC9A8 SLC9A9 SLC9A10 SLC9A11

(10):	sodium bile salt cotransport SLC10A1 SLC10A2 SLC10A3 SLC10A4 SLC10A5 SLC10A6 SLC10A7 10A1 10A2 10A3 10A7

SLC11–20

(11):	proton coupled metal ion transporter SLC11A1 SLC11A2 11A3

(12):	electroneutral cation-Cl cotransporter SLC12A1 SLC12A2 SLC12A3 SLC12A4 SLC12A5 SLC12A6 SLC12A7 SLC12A8 SLC12A9

(13):	human Na⁺-sulfate/carboxylate cotransporter SLC13A1 SLC13A2 SLC13A3 SLC13A4 SLC13A5

(14):	urea transporter SLC14A1 SLC14A2

(15):	proton oligopeptide cotransporter SLC15A1 SLC15A2 SLC15A3 SLC15A4

(16):	monocarboxylate transporter SLC16A1 SLC16A2 SLC16A3 SLC16A4 SLC16A5 SLC16A6 SLC16A7 SLC16A8 SLC16A9 SLC16A10 SLC16A11 SLC16A12 SLC16A13 SLC16A14

(17):	Vesicular glutamate transporter 1 SLC17A1 SLC17A2 SLC17A3 SLC17A4 SLC17A5 SLC17A6 SLC17A7 SLC17A8 SLC17A9

(18):	vesicular monoamine transporter SLC18A1 SLC18A2 SLC18A3

(19):	folate/thiamine transporter SLC19A1 SLC19A2 SLC19A3

(20):	type III Na⁺-phosphate cotransporter SLC20A1 SLC20A2

SLC21–30

(21):	Organic anion-transporting polypeptide SLCO1A2 SLCO1B1 SLCO1B3 SLCO1B4 SLCO1C1 SLCO2A1 SLCO2B1 SLCO3A1 SLCO4A1 SLCO4C1 SLCO5A1(SLCO6A1)

(22):	organic cation/anion/zwitterion transporter SLC22A1 SLC22A2 SLC22A3 SLC22A4 SLC22A5 SLC22A6 SLC22A7 SLC22A8 SLC22A9 SLC22A10 SLC22A11 SLC22A12 SLC22A13 SLC22A14 SLC22A15 SLC22A16 SLC22A17 SLC22A18 SLC22A19 SLC22A20

(23):	Na+-dependent ascorbic acid transporter SLC23A1 SLC23A2 SLC23A3 SLC23A4

(24):	Na⁺/(Ca²⁺-K⁺) exchanger SLC24A1 SLC24A2 SLC24A3 SLC24A4 SLC24A5 SLC24A6

(25):	mitochondrial carrier SLC25A1 SLC25A2 SLC25A3 SLC25A4 SLC25A5 SLC25A6 SLC25A7 SLC25A8 SLC25A9 SLC25A10 SLC25A11 SLC25A12 SLC25A13 SLC25A14 SLC25A15 SLC25A16 SLC25A17 SLC25A18 SLC25A19 SLC25A20 SLC25A21 SLC25A22 SLC25A23 SLC25A24 SLC25A25 SLC25A26 SLC25A27 SLC25A28 SLC25A29 SLC25A30 SLC25A31 SLC25A32 SLC25A33 SLC25A34 SLC25A35 SLC25A36 SLC25A37 SLC25A38 SLC25A39 SLC25A40 SLC25A41 SLC25A42 SLC25A43 SLC25A44 SLC25A45 SLC25A46

(26):	multifunctional anion exchanger SLC26A1 SLC26A2 SLC26A3 SLC26A4 SLC26A5 SLC26A6 SLC26A7 SLC26A8 SLC26A9 SLC26A10 SLC26A11

(27):	fatty acid transport proteins SLC27A1 SLC27A2 SLC27A3 SLC27A4 SLC27A5 SLC27A6

(28):	Na⁺-coupled nucleoside transport (SLC28A1 SLC28A2 SLC28A3

(29):	facilitative nucleoside transporter SLC29A1 SLC29A2 SLC29A3 SLC29A4

(30):	zinc efflux SLC30A1 SLC30A2 SLC30A3 SLC30A4 SLC30A5 SLC30A6 SLC30A7 SLC30A8 SLC30A9 SLC30A10

SLC31–40

(31):	copper transporter SLC31A1

(32):	Vesicular glutamate transporter 1 SLC32A1

(33):	Acetyl-CoA transporter SLC33A1

(34):	type II Na⁺-phosphate cotransporter SLC34A1 SLC34A2 SLC34A3

(35):	nucleoside-sugar transporter SLC35A1 SLC35A2 SLC35A3 SLC35A4 SLC35A5 SLC35B1 SLC35B2 SLC35B3 SLC35B4 SLC35C1 SLC35C2 SLC35D1 SLC35D2 SLC35D3 SLC35E1 SLC35E2 SLC35E3 SLC35E4

(36):	proton-coupled amino-acid transporter SLC36A1 SLC36A2 SLC36A3 SLC36A436A2

(37):	sugar-phosphate/phosphate exchanger SLC37A1 SLC37A2 SLC37A3 SLC37A4

(38):	System A & N, sodium-coupled neutral amino-acid transporter SLC38A1 SLC38A2 SLC38A3 SLC38A4 SLC38A5 SLC38A6 SLC38A10

(39):	metal ion transporter SLC39A1 SLC39A2 SLC39A3 SLC39A4 SLC39A5 SLC39A6 SLC39A7 SLC39A8 SLC39A9 SLC39A10 SLC39A11 SLC39A12 SLC39A13 SLC39A14

(40):	basolateral iron transporter SLC40A1

SLC41–48

(41):	Magnesium transporter E SLC41A1 SLC41A2 SLC41A3

(42):	Ammonia transporter RhAG RhBG RhCG

(43):	Na⁺-independent, system-L like amino-acid transporter SLC43A1 SLC43A2 SLC43A3

(44):	Choline-like transporter SLC44A1 SLC44A2 SLC44A3 SLC44A4 SLC44A5

(45):	Putative sugar transporter SLC45A1 SLC45A2 SLC54A3 SLC45A4

(46):	Folate transporter SLC46A1 SLC46A2

(47):	multidrug and toxin extrusion SLC47A1 SLC47A2

(48):	Heme transporter

SLCO1–4

O1A2 O1B1 O1B3 O2B1 O431 O4A1

Ion pumps

Symporter, Cotransporter	Na⁺/K⁺,Cl⁻ Na⁺/P_i3 Na⁺/Cl⁻ Na⁺/glucose Na⁺/I⁻ Cl⁻/K⁺ 4 5

Antiporter (exchanger)	Na⁺/H⁺ Na⁺/Ca²⁺ Na⁺/(Ca²⁺-K⁺) - Cl⁻/HCO− 3 (Band 3) Cl⁻-formate Cl⁻-oxalate

see also solute carrier disorders

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