South Asian cinema
South Asian cinema |
---|
South Asian cinema refers to the cinema of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Afghanistan, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan and the Maldives. The terms Asian cinema, Eastern cinema and Oriental cinema in common usage often encompass South Asia as well as East Asia and South East Asia. See also Asian cinema, East Asian cinema and Southeast Asian cinema.
Styles and genres
The scope of South Asian cinema is huge and takes in a wide array of different film styles, linguistic regions and genres. South Asian cinema is particularly famous in the West for:
Regional industries
India contains many state languages which have film industries centered on them. Although Hindi is the official language of government business of northern regions of India, its often-used dialect Hindustani is the most widespread language but covering only 40% of the total population, and English is widely understood irrespective of region, the state languages are preserved for official use by different states in India, and many have as many speakers as an average European nation. Regional industries have also tended to produce a higher percentage of serious art film and political film. Bangladeshi cinema is filmed in Bengali and Sri Lankan cinema is filmed in Sinhala and Tamil. Last but not least is Indonesian cinema. In the beginning the Indonesian cinema grew after World War I, rooted from the Folk Theater Drama called Dardanela. Under Usmar Ismail, Indonesian cinema became the new entertainment in 1950 to 1980. Hundred of film stars were born, such as: Citra Dewi (1960), Tanty Yosepha (1970). Yenny Rachman and Christine Hakim (1980) and Dian Sastro (late 1990s). Teguh Karya was one of the leading Film Director in Indonesia after the era of Usmar Ismail. Now, by the popularity of television, film is replaced with electronic cinema which is popular as sinetron. This industry has made the Indian born producer, Raam Punjabi, a tycon of sinetron in Indonesia.
Indian cinema
- Bollywood, the Hindi/Hindustani film industry, based in Mumbai (formerly Bombay). This film industry is the most prolific and popular in South Asia.
- Tamil Cinema, the Tamil film industry based in the Kodambakkam area of Chennai (formerly Madras). It is one of the three popular branches of Indian Cinema. Tamil films are also produced in Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Singapore and Canada.
- Chhollywood, the Chhattisgarhi language based film industry based in the state of Chhattisgarh.
- Dogri cinema, Dogri Language cinema of Jammu region.
- Malayalam Cinema, Malayalam film industry, sometimes known as Mollywood, based in Kochi and Trivandrum in Kerala. Several of its directors such as Shaji N. Karun have also received international acclaim.
- Telugu film industry, sometimes known as Tollywood, which comes from the mixture of Hollywood and Telugu, based in Hyderabad. It is one of the three popular branches of Indian Cinema. It was formerly located in Chennai, Tamil Nadu.
- Kannada film industry, based in Bangalore, Karnataka.
- Bengali film industry, long centered in the Tollygunge district of Kolkata (formerly Calcutta). This film industry is known for producing many internationally acclaimed films by directors such as Satyajit Ray, Budhhadeb Dasgupta, Mrinal Sen and Ritwik Ghatak.
- Gujarati cinema, based in Gujarat.
- Haryanvi cinema, Haryanvi language cinema, based in Haryana
- Kashmiri cinema, Kashmiri Language cinema of Kashmir valley.
- Cinema of Rajasthan, Based in Rajasthan
- Cinema of Odisha, the Odia language film industry based in Bhubaneshwar and Cuttack.
- Marathi film industry, based in Mumbai and Pune.
- Punjabi film industry, based in Punjab, India.
- Assamese film industry, based in Assam. This is the only major film industry in North-East India.
- Tulu cinema Tulu language speaking regions of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.
- Santali cinema Santali speaking regions on Jharkhand, West Bengal, Odisha & Assam.
Pakistani cinema
- Lollywood, the Punjabi and Urdu film industry based in Lahore.
- Karachi film industry, the Urdu film industry based in Karachi.
- Pashto film industry, the Pashto language film industry based in Peshawar.
Bangladeshi cinema
- Bangladeshi film industry, is the Bengali language film industry based in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The industry often generally referred to as Dhallywood, has been a significant film industry since the early 1970s. The 1960s, 1970s, 1980s and the first half of the 1990s were the golden years for Bangladeshi films as the industry produced many successful films. The industry has recently begun receiving international acclaim and many Bangladeshi movies are getting international release.
- Dhallywood, is a portmanteau of the words Dhaka and Hollywood.
Nepali cinema
- Nepali film industry, the Nepali film industry based in Kathmandu, has recently begun receiving international acclaim with films such as The Black Hen (2015), Kagbeni (2006) and others.
Others
- Afghan film industry
- Sri Lankan film industry
- Sri Lankan Tamil film industry
- Bhutanese film industry
Key figures of South Asian cinema
With the rise in popularity of South Asian cinema in the West, especially due to the twenty million Indian immigrants spread across the world, Western audiences are becoming more familiar with many of the industry's film-makers and stars. Some, like Satyajit Ray, who has been praised as the greatest director of all time by such luminaries as Akira Kurosawa, and who has often been cited as one of the three best directors of the 20th century, are legendary amongst film circles already. Some consider Satyajit Ray, Ritwik Ghatak and Mrinal Sen to be the foremost Indian directors.
Directors
- Satyajit Ray – Bengali film director, widely regarded as one of the greatest auteurs of 20th century cinema (Apu trilogy).
- Ritwik Ghatak – Bengali film director, (Nagarik, Meghe Dhaka Tara).
- Mrinal Sen – Bengali film director, has won awards at major film festivals (Baishey Shravan, Bhuvan Shome).
- K. Balachander – Tamil director.
- Bimal Roy – Hindi film director (Devdas (1955 film), Do Bigha Zameen.
- Mani Ratnam – Generally works in Tamil films but has worked in Hindi, Malayalam, Telugu and Kannada industries. (Kannathil Muthamittal, Guru).
- Apichatpong Weerasethakul = Thai director, winner of Palme d'Or in 2010.
- Guru Dutt – Hindi actor, director and producer of the 1950s and '60s (Mr. & Mrs. '55, Kaagaz Ke Phool, Pyaasa).
- V. Shantaram – Hindi director and actor (Do Aankhen Barah Haath).
- Ashutosh Gowariker – Contemporary Hindi actor, director and producer (Lagaan).
- Budhhadeb Dasgupta - Uttara, internationally acclaimed filmmaker known for Surreal and Magical Realism.
- Vijay Anand – Bollywood actor, director and producer mainly during the 1960s and '70s. (Johnny Mera Naam, Jewel Thief)
- Hrishikesh Mukherjee – Hindi film director known for (Anand, Abhimaan).
- K. Asif - Mughal-e-Azam
- Mahboob
- Fateh Lohani
- Khan Ataur Rahman
- Zahir Raihan
- Subhash Dutta
- Ehtesham
- Chashi Nazrul Islam
- Alamgir Kabir
- Narayan Ghosh Mita
- Tareque Masud
- Tanvir Mokammel
- Morshedul Islam
- Humayun Ahmed - One of the most successful writer and director of Bangladesh.
- Mostofa Sarwar Farooki
- Kamar Ahmed Saimon
- Amitabh Reza Chowdhury
- Abu Shahed Emon
- Puttanna Kanagal - (Belli moda).
- K. Viswanath - Telugu director known for films like Swathi Muthyam, Swayam Krushi.
- Kamal Amrohi - Mahal Pakeeza Razia Sultan
- Sonali Gulati – contemporary independent filmmaker, activist, and feminist who has made award-winning documentary and experimental films.
- Nasir Hussain - (Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak)
- Sudhir Mishra – Contemporary director and screenwriter (Hazaaron Khwaishein Aisi, Chameli (Movie)).
- Bharathiraja – Tamil director who captured village life (Muthal Mariyathai, Vedham Pudhithu).
- Saawan Kumar
- Balu Mahendra – Sri Lanka-born Tamil and Malayalam director (Sandhya Raagam, Veedu).
- Prakash Jha – Contemporary Hindi director (Gangaajal, Apaharan).
- S.S. Rajamouli - A highly successful commercial Telugu director.
- Cheran – Award-winning Tamil director and actor (Autograph, Thavamai Thavamirundhu)
- Adoor Gopalakrishnan – Malayalam director (Elippathayam, Swayamvaram).
- Mani Shankar – Director of Bollywood action thrillers (16 December, Tango Charlie)
- S. Shankar – Tamil director and producer (Mudhalvan, Indian, Anniyan, Sivaji: The Boss)
- A. R. Murugadoss – Kollywood and Tollywood director (Ramana, Ghajini, Thuppakki, Stalin)
- Ram Gopal Varma – Tollywood and Bollywood director known for his gritty films. (Shiva, Rangeela).
- Shekhar Kapur – British India-born director and producer (Elizabeth, Bandit Queen).
- Shyam Benegal – Important part of the New India Cinema movement (Ankur, Bhumika).
- Upendra - (A, Om).
- K. S. Ravikumar - Tamil commercial film director (Muthu, Padayappa, Dasavathaaram)
- Madhur Bhandarkar – Director and screenwriter Page 3, Chandni Bar).
- Deepa Mehta – Indian-born Canadian director best known for her "elements trilogy". Fire, Earth, Water).
- Aparna Sen – Bengali Indian actress and director (36 Chowringhee Lane, Mr. and Mrs. Iyer).
- Ketan Mehta – (Bhavni Bhavai, Maya Memsaab).
- Rakesh Roshan – (Karan Arjun, Krrish).
- Mira Nair – (Monsoon Wedding, Salaam Bombay!).
- Girish Karnad - (Anand Bhairavi).
- Govind Nihalani – Cinematographer and director.
- Santosh Sivan – Award-winning cinematographer and director (The Terrorist, Asoka).
- Gurinder Chadha – British director (Bend It Like Beckham, Bride and Prejudice).
- Karan Johar – Actor, screenwriter and director; hosts TV chat show, Koffee with Karan (Kuch Kuch Hota Hai, Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna).
- Prakash Mehra – (Zanjeer, Hera Pheri).
- Manmohan Desai – (Parvarish, Amar Akbar Anthony).
- Basu Chatterjee – (Chitchor).
- Rajkumar Santoshi – (Ghayal, Andaz apna apna).
- Partho Sen-Gupta – Avant-garde independent director (Hava Aney Dey).
- Rakeysh Omprakash Mehra – Director and screenwriter (Aks, Rang De Basanti).
- Sanjay Leela Bhansali – Devdas, Black)
- Vikram Bhatt – (Inteha, Deewane Huye Pagal).
- Sanjay Gupta – (Zinda)
- Yash Chopra – Veteran producer and director (Waqt, Deewaar).
- Ramesh Sippy – (Sholay, Andaz)
- Vidhu Vinod Chopra – (An Encounter with Faces, 1942: A Love Story).
- Nagathihalli Chandrashekhar - (America! America!!, Amruthadhaare).
- Yograj Bhat - (Mungaru Male).
- Prashanta Nanda - Oriya film director who won most of the National Awards for his contribution for Oriya Film Industry.
Actors
- Chhabi Biswas
- Rabi Ghosh
- Tapen Chatterjee
- Uttam Kumar
- Soumitra Chatterjee
- Tulsi Chakraborty
- Subhash Dutta
- Anwar Hossain
- Abdur Razzak
- Alamgir
- Aaryan Sigdel
- Aamir Khan
- Abhishek Bachchan
- Ajay Devgan
- Ajith Kumar
- Akkineni Nagarjuna
- Akkineni Nageswara Rao
- Akshay Kumar
- Ambareesh
- Amrish Puri
- Amitabh Bachchan
- Anil Chatterjee
- Anil Kapoor
- Anubhav Mohanty
- Ashok Kumar
- Allu Arjun
- Arshad Warsi
- Arifin Shuvoo
- ATM Shamsuzzaman
- Bappy Chowdhury
- Balakrishna
- Balraj Sahni
- Bulbul Ahmed
- Chiranjeevi
- Deepak Adhikari Dev
- Dharmendra
- Dilip Kumar
- Faisal Rehman
- Feroz Khan
- Humayun Faridi
- Hamza Ali Abbasi
- Humayun Saeed
- Hrithik Roshan
- Jagathi Sreekumar
- Jayan
- Jackie Shroff
- Jeetendra
- Kamal Hassan
- Mohib Mirza
- Moammar Rana
- Madavan
- Mahesh Babu
- Manoj Kumar
- Mehmood
- M.G. Ramachandran
- Mithun Chakraborty
- Mammooty
- Mohammad Ali
- Mohanlal
- Mukesh
- Nadeem
- Nana Patekar
- N. T. Rama Rao
- Pran
- Prithviraj Sukumaran
- Raj Kapoor
- Rajesh Hamal
- Rishi Kapoor
- Rajkumar
- Rajinikanth
- Rajesh Khanna
- Ramesh Aravind
- Shammi Kapoor
- Raaj Kumar
- Shamoon Abbasi
- Sanjeev Kumar
- Surya Sivakumar
- Dev Anand
- Om Puri
- Naseeruddin Shah
- Anant Nag
- Kishore Kumar
- Manoj Bajpai
- Saif Ali Khan
- Salman Khan
- Sanjay Dutt
- Shakib Khan
- Shaan
- Shahrukh Khan
- Siddhanta Mahapatra
- Symon Sadik
- Shankar Nag
- Sunil Dutt
- Sunny Deol
- Suresh Gopi
- Thilakan
- Sivaji Ganeshan
- Upendra
- Waheed Murad
- Ritesh Deshmukh
- Vijay
- Venkatesh
- Vinod Khanna
- Vinod Mehra
- Vishnuvardhan
- Vidyut Jamwal
- Ranjit Mallick
- Riaz
- Salman Shah
- Ananta Jalil
- Pahari Sanyal
- Prosenjit Chatterjee
- Jeet (actor)
- Chiranjeet
- Tapas Paul
- Manna
- Ilias Kanchan
- Sohel Rana (actor)
- Dipjol
- Rahsaan Islam
- Raisul Islam Asad
- Mamnun Hasan Emon
- Kazi Maruf
- Ferdous Ahmed
- Omar Sani
- Chunky Pandey
- Wasim
- Zafar Iqbal
- Uttam Mohanty
- Vikram
- Anmol K.C.
Actresses
- Aishwarya Rai - Miss World 1994
- Amrita Acharia - (Game Of Thrones) Nepali Actress
- Asin Thottumkal
- Apu Biswas
- Aparajita Mohanty
- Archita Sahu
- Barsha Priyadarshini
- Zeenat Aman - Miss Asia Pacific 1970
- Mahiya Mahi
- Shabana ( Dhallywood Actress )
- Bobita ( Dhallywood Actress )
- B. Saroja Devi
- Lara Dutta - Miss Universe 2000, Miss Intercontinental 1997
- Padmini
- Diana Hayden - Miss World 1997
- Madhubala
- Madhuri Dixit
- Nutan
- Rekha
- Nicole Faria - Miss Earth 2010
- Dia Mirza - Miss Asia Pacific 2000
- Meena Kumari
- Noor Jehan
- Trisha Krishnan
- Divya Spandana (Ramya)
- Devika Rani
- Celina Jaitly - Miss India 2001
- Neha Dhupia - Miss India 2002
- Vyjayanthimala
- Hema Malini
- Smita Patil
- Soundarya
- Sridevi
- Rani Mukerji
- Yukta Mookhey - Miss World 1999
- Manisha Koirala
- Prema
- Sharmila Tagore
- Shabana Azmi
- Bipasha Basu
- Jaya Bachchan
- Jayanthi
- Nargis
- Kajol
- Nandita Das
- Tabu
- Dimple Kapadia
- Sushmita Sen - Miss Universe 1994
- Juhi Chawala - Miss India 1984
- Karishma Kapoor
- Soha Ali Khan
- Sonali Bendre
- Priyanka Karki - Miss Teen
- Priyanka Chopra - Miss World 2000
- Urmila Matondkar
- Preity Zinta
- Kareena Kapoor
- Amrita Rao
- Ayesha Takia
- Shriya Saran
- Popy
- Moushumi
- Achol
- Purnima
- Shabnur
- Bobby
- Rituparna Sengupta
- Koel Mallick
- Debashree Roy
- Rachana Banerjee
- Anju Ghosh
- Suchitra Sen
- Bidya Sinha Saha Mim
- Alisha Pradhan
See also
- Cinema of the world
- Alpavirama South Asian Short Film Festival (Alpavirama)
- Asian cinema
- Dhallywood (also known as Bangladeshi film industry)
- Cinema of Bangladesh
- Cinema of India
- Cinema of Pakistan
- Hindi cinema
- Cinema of West Bengal
- Malayalam cinema
- Tamil cinema
- Telugu cinema
- Kannada cinema
- World cinema
- Sambalpuri Cinema
- List of Hollywood-inspired nicknames
Further reading
- Contemporary Asian Cinema, Anne Tereska Ciecko, editor. Berg, 2006. ISBN 1-84520-237-6