Utah State Legislature

Utah State Legislature
Coat of arms or logo
Type
Type
Houses Senate
House of Representatives
Leadership
Wayne Niederhauser (R)
Since January 24, 2011
Greg Hughes (R)
Since January 26, 2015
Structure
Seats 104 voting members:
29 Senators
75 Representatives
Senate political groups

     Republican (23)

     Democratic (5)      Libertarian (1)
House political groups

     Republican (63)

     Democratic (12)
Elections
Senate last election
 November 4, 2014
House last election
 November 4, 2014
Meeting place
Utah State Capitol, Salt Lake City
Website
http://www.le.state.ut.us/

The Utah State Legislature is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Utah. It is a bicameral body, comprising the Utah House of Representatives, with 75 state representatives, and the Utah Senate, with 29 state senators. There are no term limits for either chamber.

The Legislature convenes at the Utah State Capitol in the state capital of Salt Lake City on the fourth Monday of January[1] for an annual 45-day session.[2]

Overview

The Utah State Legislature meets in the Utah State Capitol in Salt Lake City. The Republicans currently have super-majorities in both the House and Senate. They control the House by a margin of 63-12 and the Senate by 23-5-1. The current Senate President is Wayne Niederhauser (R - Sandy), and the Speaker of the House is Greg H. Hughes (R - Draper).[3][4]

Districts

The state is divided into 29 Senate districts, each representing approximately 77,000 people and the House is divided into 75 House districts, each representing approximately 29,800 people. Senate districts overlap House districts allowing two legislators for each constituency in Utah.

Terms and qualifications

Senators are elected to a four-year term, and Representatives to a two-year term. All state House districts and half of all state Senate districts are up for election every two years. To be eligible for the office of a state senator or representative, a person must be a citizen of the United States, be at least 25 years of age, be a qualified voter in the district from which elected, and must be a resident of the State of Utah for three years and a resident of the district from which elected for six months. There are no term limitations for either the Utah House of Representatives or the Utah Senate.

Sessions

The annual General Session is held for 45 calendar days,[2] convening on the fourth Monday in January.[1] The General Session must conclude by midnight on the 45th day according to the Utah State Constitution. The Governor may by proclamation convene the Legislature in Special Session, to transact legislative business, but no legislative business can be conducted except that which is expressed in the proclamation or other legislative business that the Governor shall call attention to. These special sessions, except in the cases of impeachment, cannot exceed 30 calendar days.[2] The House may convene for the purpose of impeachment if two-thirds of the members are in favor of convening for that purpose. The Speaker of the House shall determine by poll whether there is a sufficient number of members to convene for an Impeachment Session outside of the General Session. If the House impeaches an official, the Senate is required to convene to try that impeachment.

History

Utah Territory in 1851

Utah Territorial Assembly

The Utah Territory was established by an act of Congress on Monday, September 9, 1850 which provided for a territorial government made up of a territorial governor chosen every four years, a territorial Assembly with a 13-member council chosen every second year and a 26-member House of Representatives chosen annually, and a territorial Judiciary made up of a Supreme Court, District Courts, Probate Courts, and justices of the peace.[5] The creation of the Territory of Utah was part of the Compromise of 1850 seeking to preserve the political balance of power between the slave and free states.[6]

Following the organization of the territory, Brigham Young was inaugurated as its first governor on Sunday, February 9, 1851 and the first territorial assembly met Monday, September 22, 1851. The legislative body of the Utah Territory continued to act until 1896 with the successful passage of the Utah Constitution and Utah achieving statehood. The first President of the Utah Territorial Senate was Willard Richards and the first Territorial Speaker of the House was William Wines Phelps. In 1870, the length of a Representative's term was extended to two years, and in 1896 the Utah Territorial Council became the Utah Senate with a four-year term.

Petitions for statehood

Wikisource has original text related to this article:
The boundaries of the provisional State of Deseret (orange) as proposed in 1849. The area of the Utah Territory as organized in 1850 is shaded in pink.

Utah first petitioned for statehood starting in 1849, and a constitutional convention was called to draft a State Constitution for a proposed State of Deseret on March 8, 1849 to be held in Salt Lake City. The U.S. House of Representatives and Senate rejected the proposed state and followed up the rejection by creating the Territory of Utah. It wasn't for another six years before the Fifth Territorial Legislature passed an act on December 10, 1855 establishing a constitutional convention to make a second attempt at Statehood. This second constitutional convention was held on March 17, 1856 in Salt Lake City and a proposed constitution was created which was subsequently rejected by the U.S. Congress.

A third constitutional convention was held on January 20, 1862 in Salt Lake City and a proposed constitution was drafted and subsequently submitted to the U.S. Congress which rejected the petition for statehood. The Twentieth Territorial Legislature on January 31, 1872 would call for a fourth constitutional convention and again petitioned Congress for statehood yet this effort also failed and it was not until April and May 1882 that a fifth and final attempt at statehood was made prior to Congress passing the Utah Enabling Act in 1894.

The Utah Territory proceeded to hold a constitutional convention on March 4, 1895 which ended on March 6, 1895 and the proposed Constitution was ratified by the voters Tuesday, November 5, 1895. The first election was also held on this day and state officials were elected. The First Utah State Legislature convened on January 13, 1896 and proceeded to conduct the business of organizing the state.[7]

Composition of Senate

Further information: 60th Utah State Legislature and Utah Senate

The current party composition of the Utah Senate is:

Affiliation Members
  Republican Party 23
  Democratic Party 5
  Libertarian Party 1
  Total 29
  Majority 19

Composition of House of Representatives

Further information: 60th Utah State Legislature and Utah House of Representatives

The current party composition of the Utah House is:

Affiliation Members
  Republican Party 63
  Democratic Party 12
  Total 75
  Majority 38

Structure and organization

The Utah Legislature is a bicameral, partisan body composed of a lower chamber which is the Utah House of Representatives with 75 members, and upper chamber which is the Utah Senate, with 29 members.[8][9] State senators serve four-year terms with half the seats in the Utah Senate being up for election every two years and state representatives serve two-year terms with all the seats in the Utah House being up for election every two years.[10][11] Each body elects its own leadership and is responsible for determining its own rules of procedures.[12]

The members of both houses of the Utah Legislature are elected on a partisan basis, and they conduct their proceedings including the elections of leadership according to membership in a party caucus. Currently, the state of Nebraska is the only state in the United States that is elected and conducted in a nonpartisan manner.[13]

Committees and leadership

The Utah Senate elects a President of the Senate and the Utah House elects a Speaker, and each political party caucus in both houses elects party leadership including a majority leader, majority whip and assistant majority whip by the caucus with the most members in that house. The minority party caucus elects a minority leader, minority whip, assistant minority whip and includes one additional leadership position of minority caucus manager to offset the Speaker of the House and President of the Senate who are traditionally members of the majority caucus yet are elected by the entire membership of their respective bodies.[14]

Legislative committees serve an important function in the legislative process, as the majority of the debate and discussion of a bill is done in committee and public comment is generally accepted at this point in the bill process. Amendments can be made to the bill and be given more consideration than they would on the floor of either legislative chamber. Utah has three types of legislative committees, these are: appropriations subcommittees, standing committees and interim committees.[14]

Standing committees

There are eleven Utah Senate standing committees and fifteen Utah House of Representatives standing committees. A standing committee can take the following actions on a bill after it is assigned to the committee: amend the bill, hold the bill, table the bill, return the bill to the Senate Rules Committee, substitute the bill, vote the bill out of committee with a favorable recommendation, or vote the bill out of committee with an unfavorable recommendation.[15]

Interim committees

Interim committees fulfill essentially the same functions as standing committees and are differentiated from standing committees in that they meet during the interim between legislative sessions to discuss bills, to study issues, and to recommend bills for consideration. Interim committees may take the same actions on a bill as a standing committee.[15]

Utah State Capitol

Further information: Utah State Capitol
Inside the Utah State Capitol in 2002

Over the years there have been many changes to the structure of the legislature, the number of Senators and Representatives, and the location of the Capitol, the Salt Lake Council Hall served as the meeting place for the Utah Territorial legislature, and in 1896 the Utah State Legislature designated Fillmore, Millard County, Utah, as the state capital.

Council Hall as seen from in front of the State Capitol c. 2002.

The Fillmore Capitol was abandoned and the Utah Legislature met in Salt Lake City at various locations including The Council House (Main and South Temple streets), the Industrial Christian Home for Polygamous Wives, the Social Hall (Social Hall Avenue), the old Salt Lake County Courthouse (Second South and Second West streets), the Salt Lake City Hall (First South near State Street), and the present Salt Lake City and County Building (Fourth South and State streets).[16]

After, being admitted to the Union as a State on January 4, 1896 by an act signed into law by President Grover Cleveland, the first official act of statehood was the swearing in of State officials at the Salt Lake Tabernacle on January 6, 1896 as Utah did not have an official State Capitol. Acting upon the recommendation of Governor John C. Cutler the Utah Legislature finally approved a plan to build a State Capitol in 1909 yet construction on the Capitol did not start until December 26, 1912 and it was not completed and dedicated until October 9, 1916.[17]

The Utah Capitol Building was undergoing renovations and seismic upgrades beginning in 2002 and was finished in 2008. The State Legislature met in the West Administration Building at the Capitol Complex while the Governor's and Lt. Governor's Offices were located in the East Administration Building during the time of renovation.[18]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Utah Constitution - Article VI, Section 2 - Time of general sessions.
  2. 1 2 3 Utah Constitution - Article VI, Section 16 - Duration of sessions.
  3. ↑ Utah House Leadership, accessed Monday, February 9, 2015
  4. ↑ Utah Senate Leadership, accessed Monday, February 9, 2015
  5. ↑ Text of the Act of Congress to Establish the Territory of Utah, September 9, 1850, 9 Stat. 453
  6. ↑ Library of Congress, Compromise of 1850, accessed on Tuesday, January 30, 2007
  7. ↑ Petitions for Statehood section relies upon History to Go, Chronology of Statehood
  8. ↑ House, Utah Code, Title 36, Chapter 1, Section 201, accessed on Tuesday, January 30, 2007
  9. ↑ Senate, Utah Code, Title 36, Chapter 1, Section 101, accessed on Tuesday, January 30, 2007
  10. ↑ Senate, Utah Constitution, Article VI, Section 4, accessed on Tuesday, January 30, 2007
  11. ↑ House, Utah Constitution, Article VI, Section 3, accessed on Tuesday, January 30, 2007
  12. ↑ Utah Constitution, Article VI, Section 12, accessed on Tuesday, January 30, 2007
  13. ↑ History of the Nebraska Unicameral, accessed on January 30, 2007
  14. 1 2 Utah Legislative Website, Organization of the Legislature
  15. 1 2 Utah State Legislative Website
  16. ↑ http://historytogo.utah.gov/utah_chapters/pioneers_and_cowboys/fillmore.html
  17. ↑ Utah Capitol Preservation Board, History of the Utah State Capitol Archived January 4, 2008, at the Wayback Machine., accessed on Tuesday, January 30, 2007
  18. ↑ Utah Capitol Preservation Board - Restoration, Expansion, and Preservation, accessed Tuesday, January 30, 2007
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