List of state leaders in the 10th century
This is a list of state leaders in the 10th century (901–1000) AD.
Africa
Africa: Northeast
Egypt
- Tulunids (complete list) –
- Fatimid Caliphate (complete list) –
- Al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah, Caliph (953–975, transfer from Ifriqiya in 973)
- al-Aziz Billah, Caliph (975–996)
- al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, Caliph (996–1021)
Sudan
- Makuria (complete list) –
- Georgios I, King (late 9th–early 10th century)
- Zakharias IV, King (920–930)
- Kabil, King (c.943)
- Georgios II, King (969–c.1002)
- Raphael, King (1000–c.1006)
Africa: Northcentral
Ifriqiya
- Rustamid dynasty (complete list) –
- Yusuf Abu Hatim ibn Muhammad Abi l-Yaqzan, Imam (894–895, 899–906)
- Yaqzan ibn Muhammad Abi l-Yaqzan, Imam (906–909)
- Aghlabid dynasty[1] (complete list) –
- Abu Ishaq Ibrahim II ibn Ahmad, Emir (875–902)
- Abu 'l-Abbas Abdallah II ibn Ibrahim, Emir (902–903)
- Abu Mudhar Ziyadat Allah III ibn Abdallah, Emir (903–909)
- Fatimid Caliphate[2] (complete list) –
- Abdullah al-Mahdi Billah, Caliph (909–934)
- Al-Qa'im bi-Amr Allah, Caliph (934–946)
- Al-Mansur Billah, Caliph (946–953)
- Al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah, Caliph (953–975, transfer to Egypt in 973)
- Zirid dynasty[3] (complete list) –
- Buluggin ibn Ziri, ruler (973–983)
- al-Mansur ibn Buluggin, ruler (983–995)
- Badis ibn Mansur, ruler (995–1016)
Africa: Northwest
- Barghawata (complete list) –
- Abu Ghafir Muhammad, King (c.888–917)
- Abu al-Ansar Abdullah, King (c.917–961)
- Abu Mansur Isa, King (c.961-?)
- Idrisid dynasty of Morocco (complete list) –
- Yahya ibn al-Qasim, Sultan (883–904)
- Yahya ibn Idris, Sultan (904–917)
- Al-Hasan ibn Muhammad, Sultan (925–927)
- Al-Qasim ibn Ibrahim, Sultan (937–948)
- Ahmad ibn al-Qasim, Sultan (948–954)
- Al-Hasan ibn al-Qasim, Sultan (954–974)
- Kingdom of Nekor (complete list) –
- Sa'id II ibn Salih, King (864–916)
- Salih III ibn Sa'id, King (917–927)
- Abd al-Badi' ibn Salih, King (927–929)
- Abu Ayyub Isma'il ibn 'Abd al Malik ibn Abd ar-Rahman ibn Sa'id I ibn Salih, King (c.930–935)
- Musa ibn Rumi ibn Abd as-Sami` ibn Salih ibn Idris I ibn Salih, King (c.936–940)
- Abd as-Sami' ibn Jurthum ibn Idris ibn Salih I ibn Mansur, King (940–947)
- Jurthum ibn Ahmad ibn Ziyadat Allah ibn Sa'id I ibn Idris, King (947–970)
America: Mesoamerica
- Calakmul (complete list) –
- Aj Took', King (c.909)
Asia
Asia: Central
- Ghaznavid Empire (complete list) –
- Sabuktigin, Emir (977–997)
- Ismail, Emir (997–998)
- Mahmud, Emir (998–1002), Sultan (1002–1030)
Asia: East
China: Tang dynasty
Khitan China: Liao dynasty
Northern China: The Five Dynasties
- Later Liang (complete list) –
- Zhu Wen, Emperor (907–912)
- Zhu Yougui, Emperor (912–913)
- Zhu Youzhen, Emperor (913–923)
- Later Tang (complete list) –
- Li Cunxu
- Prince of Jin (908–923)
- Emperor of Later Tang (923–926)
- Li Siyuan, Emperor (926–933)
- Li Conghou, Emperor (933–934)
- Li Congke, Emperor (934–937)
- Li Cunxu
- Later Jin (complete list) –
- Shi Jingtang, Emperor (936–942)
- Shi Chonggui, Emperor (942–947)
- Later Han (complete list) –
- Liu Zhiyuan, Emperor (947–948)
- Liu Chengyou, Emperor (948–951)
- Later Zhou (complete list) –
- Guo Wei, Emperor (951–954)
- Chai Rong, Emperor (954–959)
- Guo Zongxun, Emperor (959–960)
Southern China: The Ten Kingdoms
- Wu (complete list) –
- Yang Xingmi, Emperor (904–905)
- Yang Wo, Emperor (905–908)
- Yang Longyan, Emperor (908–921)
- Yang Pu, Emperor (921–937)
- Former Shu (complete list) –
- Wang Jian, Emperor (907–918)
- Wang Zongyan, Duke (918–925)
- Chu (complete list) –
- Ma Yin, Prince (907–930)
- Ma Xisheng, Prince (930–932)
- Ma Xifan, Prince (932–947)
- Ma Xiguang, Prince (947–950)
- Ma Xi'e, Prince (950)
- Ma Xichong, Prince (950–951)
- Liu Yan, Prince (951–953)
- Wang Kui, Prince (953–956)
- Zhou Xingfeng, Prince (956–962)
- Zhou Baoquan, Prince (962–963)
- Wuyue (complete list) –
- Qian Liu, King (907–932)
- Qian Yuanguan, King (932–941)
- Qian Hongzuo, King (941–947)
- Qian Hongzong, King (947)
- Qian Chu, King (947–978)
- Min (complete list) –
- Wang Chao, ruler (early 10th century)
- Wang Shenzhi, Emperor (909–925)
- Wang Yanhan, Emperor (925–926)
- Wang Yanjun, Emperor (926–935)
- Wang Jipeng, Emperor (935–939)
- Wang Yanxi, Emperor (939–944)
- Zhu Wenjin, Emperor (944–945)
- Wang Yanzheng, Emperor (943–945)
- Southern Han (complete list) –
- Jingnan (complete list) –
- Gao Jixing, Prince (909–928)
- Gao Conghui, Prince (928–948)
- Gao Baorong, Prince (948–960)
- Gao Baoxu, Prince (960–962)
- Gao Jichong, Prince (962–963)
- Later Shu (complete list) –
- Meng Zhixiang, Emperor (934)
- Meng Chang, Prince (934–965)
- Southern Tang (complete list) –
- Northern Han (complete list) –
- Liu Chong, Emperor (951–954)
- Liu Jun, Emperor (954–968)
- Liu Ji'en, Emperor (968)
- Liu Jiyuan, Emperor (968–979)
China: Northern Song
China: Other states and entities
- Dingnan Jiedushi (complete list) –
- Qi –
- Li Maozhen, Prince (901/907–924)
- Qingyuan Jiedushi (complete list) –
- Liu Congxiao, Jiedushi (949–962)
- Liu Shaozi, Jiedushi (962)
- Zhang Hansi, Jiedushi (962–963)
- Chen Hongjin, Jiedushi (963–978)
- Yan –
- Liu Shouguang, Emperor (911–914)
- Yiwu Circuit –
- Wang Chuzhi, Jiedushi (910–921)
- Zhao (Chengde) –
- Wang Rong, Prince (910–921)
- Dali Kingdom (complete list) –
- Duan Siping, Emperor (937–944)
- Duan Siying, Emperor (944–945)
- Duan Siliang, Emperor (945–951)
- Duan Sicong, Emperor (952–968)
- Duan Sushun, Emperor (968–985)
- Duan Suying, Emperor (985–1009)
Japan
- Japan (complete list) –
Korea
- Balhae (complete list) –
- Dae Wihae, King (894–906)
- Dae Inseon, King (906–926)
- Later Baekje
- Gyeon Hwon, King (892–935)
- Gyeon Singeom, King (935–936)
- Later Silla (complete list) –
- Hyogong, King (897–912)
- Sindeok, King (912–917)
- Gyeongmyeong, King (917–924)
- Gyeongae, King (924–927)
- Gyeongsun, King (927–935)
- Taebong
- Gung-ye, King (901–918)
- Goryeo (complete list) –
Asia: Southeast
- Khmer Empire (complete list) –
- Yasovarman I, King (889–910)
- Harshavarman I, King (900–925)
- Ishanavarman II, King (925–928)
- Jayavarman IV, King (928–941)
- Harshavarman II, King (941–944)
- Rajendravarman II, King (944–968)
- Jayavarman V, King (968–1001)
- Medang Kingdom (complete list) –
- Balitung, King (899–911)
- Daksa, King (910–919)
- Tulodong, King (919–924)
- Wawa, King (924–929)
- Mpu Sindok, King (c.929–947)
- Isyana Tunggawijaya Queen (947–c.985)
- Makutawangsa Wardhana, King (c.985–991)
- Dharmawangsa, King (991–1016)
Asia: South
India
- Western Chalukya Empire (complete list) –
- Tailapa II, King (957–997)
- Satyashraya, King (997–1008)
- Chola dynasty (complete list) –
- Vijayalaya Chola, King (848–891)
- Aditya Chola I, King (891–907)
- Parantaka Chola I, King (907–950)
- Gandaraditya Chola, King (950–957)
- Arinjaya Chola, King (956–957)
- Sundara Chola, King (957–970)
- Uttama Chola, King (970–985)
- Raja Raja Chola I, King (985–1012)
- Western Ganga dynasty (complete list) –
- Rachamalla II, King (870–907)
- Ereganga Neetimarga II, King (907–921)
- Narasimha, King (921–933)
- Rachamalla III, King (933–938)
- Butuga II, King (938–961)
- Marulaganga Neetimarga, King (961–963)
- Marasimha II Satyavakya, King (963–975)
- Rachamalla IV Satyavakya, King (975–986)
- Rachamalla V, King (986–999)
- Rakkasa Ganga, King (985–1024)
- Gurjara-Pratihara –
- Mahendrapala I, King (885–910)
- Bhoja II, King (910–913)
- Mahipala I, King (913–944)
- Mahendrapala II, King (944–948)
- Devapala, King (948–954)
- Vinayakapala, King (954–955)
- Mahipala II, King (955–956)
- Vijayapala II, King (956–960)
- Rajapala, King (960–1018)
- Gujarat: Solanki dynasty (complete list) –
- Mularaja, King (941–996)
- Chamundaraja, King (996–1008)
- Kamarupa: Pala dynasty (complete list) –
- Brahma Pala, King (900–920)
- Ratna Pala, King (920–960)
- Indra Pala, King (960–990)
- Go Pala, King (990–1015)
- Pala Empire (complete list) –
- Narayanapala, King (c.865–920)
- Rajyapala, King (c.920–950)
- Gopala II, King (c.950–970)
- Vigrahapala II, King (c.970–985)
- Mahipala I, King (c.985–1035)
- Paramara dynasty of Malwa (complete list) –
- Vakpati I, King (9th–10th century)
- Vairisimha II, King (10th century)
- Siyaka II, King (948–972)
- Vakpati II, King (972–990s)
- Sindhuraja, King (990s–1010)
- Rashtrakuta Empire (complete list) –
- Krishna II, King (878–914)
- Indra III, King (914–929)
- Amoghavarsha II, King (929–930)
- Govinda IV, King (930–936)
- Amoghavarsha III, King (936–939)
- Krishna III, King (939–967)
- Khottiga Amoghavarsha, King (967–972)
- Karka II, King (972–973)
- Indra IV, King (973–982)
Sri Lanka
- Anuradhapura Kingdom, Sri Lanka (complete list) –
- Sena II, King (866–901)
- Udaya I, King (901–912)
- Kassapa IV, King (912–929)
- Kassapa V, King (929–939)
- Dappula IV, King (939–940)
- Dappula V, King (940–952)
- Udaya II, King (952–955)
- Sena III, King (955–964)
- Udaya III, King (964–972)
- Sena IV, King (972–975)
- Mahinda IV, King (975–991)
- Sena V, King (991–1001)
Asia: West
Mesopotamia
- Abbasid Caliphate, Baghdad (complete list) –
- al-Mu'tadid, Caliph (892–902)
- al-Muktafi, Caliph (902–908)
- al-Muqtadir, Caliph (908–929, 929–932)
- al-Qahir, Caliph (929, 932–934)
- al-Radi, Caliph (934–940)
- al-Muttaqi, Caliph (940–944)
- al-Mustakfi, Caliph (944–946)
- al-Muti, Caliph (946–974)
- at-Ta'i, Caliph (974–991)
- al-Qadir, Caliph (991–1031)
- Hamdanid dynasty (complete list) –
- Nasir al-Dawla, Emir (929–967)
- Abu Taghlib, Emir (967–978)
- Abu Tahir Ibrahim, Emir (989–997)
- Abu Abdallah al-Husayn, Emir (989–997)
- Sayf al-Dawla, Emir (945–967)
- Sa'd al-Dawla, Emir (967–991)
- Sa'id al-Dawla, Emir (991–1002)
Persia
- Imad al-Dawla, Emir (934–949)
- 'Adud al-Dawla, Emir (949–983)
- Sharaf al-Dawla, Emir (983–989)
- Samsam al-Dawla, Emir (989–998)
- Baha' al-Dawla, Emir (998–1012)
- Sultan al-Dawla, Emir (1012–1024)
- Rukn al-Dawla, Emir (935–976)
- Fakhr al-Dawla, Emir (976–980, 984–997)
- Mu'ayyad al-Dawla, Emir (980–983)
- Majd al-Dawla, Emir (997–1029)
- Mu'izz al-Dawla, Emir (945–967)
- 'Izz al-Dawla, Emir (966–978)
- 'Adud al-Dawla, Emir (978–983)
- Samsam al-Dawla, Emir (983–987)
- Sharaf al-Dawla, Emir (987–989)
- Baha' al-Dawla, Emir (989–1012)
- Saffarid dynasty (complete list) –
- Amr ibn al-Layth, Amir (879–901)
- Tahir ibn Muhammad ibn Amr, Amir (901–908)
- al-Layth ibn 'Ali, Amir (908–910)
- Muhammad ibn Ali ibn al-Layth, Amir (910–911)
- Al-Mu'addal, Amir (911)
- Amr ibn Ya'qub, Amir (912–913)
- Ahmad ibn Muhammad, Amir (922–963)
- Khalaf ibn Ahmad, Amir (963–1002)
- Samanid Empire (complete list) –
- Isma'il ibn Ahmad, Amir (892–907)
- Ahmad Samani, Amir (907–914)
- Nasr II, Amir (914–943)
- Nuh I, Amir (943–954)
- Ibrahim ibn Ahmad, Amir (947)
- Abd al-Malik I, Amir (954–961)
- Mansur I, Amir (961–976)
- Nuh II, Amir (976–997)
- Abd al-Aziz ibn Nuh, Amir (992)
- Mansur II, Amir (997–999)
- Abd al-Malik II, Amir (999)
- Isma'il Muntasir, Amir (1000–1004)
- Ziyarid dynasty (complete list) –
Europe
Europe: Balkans
- First Bulgarian Empire (complete list) –
- Byzantine Empire (complete list) –
- Leo VI the Wise, Co-Emperor (870–886), Emperor (886–912)
- Alexander, Emperor (912–913)
- Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos, Junior Co-Emperor (908–913, 920–945), Emperor (913–920, 945–959)
- Romanos I Lekapenos, Emperor (920–944)
- Christopher Lekapenos, Junior Co-Emperor (921–931)
- Stephen Lekapenos, Junior Co-Emperor (924–945)
- Constantine Lekapenos, Junior Co-Emperor (924–945)
- Romanos II, Emperor (959–963)
- Nikephoros II Phokas, Emperor (?)
- John I Tzimiskes, Emperor (?)
- Basil II, Emperor (960–976, 976–1025)
- Emirate of Crete (complete list) –
- Abu Hafs Umar al-Iqritishi, Emir (827/828–c.855)
- Shu'ayb ibn Umar, Emir (c.855–880)
- Abu Abdallah Umar ibn Shu'ayb, Emir (c.880–895)
- Muhammad ibn Shu'ayb al-Zarkun, Emir (c.895–910)
- Yusuf ibn Umar ibn Shu'ayb, Emir (c.910–915)
- Ali ibn Yusuf ibn Umar, Emir (c.915–925)
- Ahmad ibn Umar, Emir (c.925–940)
- Shu'ayb ibn Ahmad, Emir (940–943)
- Ali ibn Ahmad, Emir (943–949)
- Abd al-Aziz ibn Shu'ayb, Emir (949–961)
- Duchy / Kingdom of Croatia (complete list) –
- Muncimir, Duke (892–910)
- Tomislav
- Duke (910–925)
- King (c.925–928)
- Trpimir II, King (928–935)
- Krešimir I, King (935–945)
- Miroslav, King (945–949)
- Michael Krešimir II, King (949–969)
- Stephen Držislav, King (969–997)
- Svetoslav Suronja, King (997–1000)
- Gojslav, co-King (1000–c.1020)
- Principality of Serbia (complete list) –
Europe: British Isles
Great Britain: Scotland
- Kingdom of Alba, traditionally The Scots (complete list) –
- Constantine II (III), King (900–943)
- Malcolm I, King (943–954)
- Indulf, King (954–962)
- Dub, King (962–967)
- Cuilén, King (967–971)
- Kenneth II, King (971–995)
- Amlaíb, rival King (973–977)
- Constantine III (IV), King (995–997)
- Kenneth III, King (997–1005)
- Kingdom of Strathclyde (complete list) –
- Dyfnwal I, King (?–908/916)
- Owen I, King (916/925–937)
- Dyfnwal II (940–943)
- Indulf
- King (943–954)
- King of the Scots (954–962)
- Dubh mac Malcolm
- King (954–962)
- King of the Scots (962–967)
- Dyfnwal III, King (941–971)
- Máel Coluim I, King (973–997)
- Owain Foel, King (c.997–c.1018)
Great Britain: Northumbria
- Kingdom of Northumbria (complete list) –
- Cnut, King (c.900)
- Æthelwold, King (900–902)
- Airdeconut, King (c.902)
- Eowils, co-King (902–910)
- Halfdan II, co-King (902–910)
- Ingwær, co-King (?–910)
- Ragnall ua Ímair, King (918–921)
- Sitric Cáech, King (921–927)
- Gofraid ua Ímair, King (927)
- Olaf Guthfrithson, King (939–941)
- Sitric II, King (c.942)
- Ragnall Guthfrithson, King (943–944)
- Eric Bloodaxe, King (947–948, 952–954)
- Amlaíb Cuarán, King (949–952)
Great Britain: England
- The Britons (complete list) –
- Anarawd ap Rhodri, King (878–916)
- Idwal Foel, King (916–942)
- Hywel Dda, King (942–950)
- Dyfnwal III of Strathclyde, King (962–975)
- Maredudd ab Owain, King (986–999)
- Kingdom of East Anglia (complete list) –
- Eohric, King (890–902)
- Æthelwold, Sub-King (902)
- Guthrum II, King (902–918)
- Mercia (complete list) –
- Æthelred II, Lord (c.881–911)
- Æthelflæd, Lady (911–918)
- Ælfwynn, Lady (918)
- Kingdom of Wessex / Kingdom of England (complete list) –
- Edward the Elder, King of Wessex (899–924)
- Ælfweard, King of Wessex (924)
- Æthelstan
- King of the Anglo-Saxons (924–927)
- King of the English (927–939)
- Edmund I, King (939–946)
- Eadred, King (946–955)
- Eadwig, King (955–959)
- Edgar, King (959–975)
- Edward the Martyr, King (975–978)
- Æthelred the Unready, King (978–1013, 1014–1016)
Great Britain: Wales
- Kingdom of Gwynedd (complete list) –
- Anarawd ap Rhodri, King (878–916)
- Idwal Foel, King (916–942)
- Hywel Dda, King (942–950)
- Iago ab Idwal, King (950–979)
- Ieuaf ab Idwal, King (950–969)
- Hywel ab Ieuaf, King (974–985)
- Cadwallon ab Ieuaf, King (985–986)
- Maredudd ab Owain, King (986–999)
- Cynan ap Hywel, King (999–1005)
- Kingdom of Powys (complete list) –
- Llywelyn ap Merfyn, King (900–942)
- Hywel Dda, King (942–950)
- Owain ap Hywel Dda, King (950–986)
- Maredudd ap Owain, King (986–999)
- Llywelyn ap Seisyll, King (999–1023)
- Kingdom of Dyfed (complete list) –
- Llywarch ap Hyfaidd, King (893–904)
- Rhodri ap Hyfaidd, King (904–905)
- Hywel Dda, King (905–909)
- Seisyllwg (complete list) –
- Cadell ap Rhodri (878–909)
- Deheubarth (complete list) –
- Hywel Dda, King (920–950)[4]
- Owain ap Hywel, King (950–986)
- Rhodri ap Hywel, King (950–953)
- Edwin ap Hywel, King (950–954)
- Maredudd ab Owain, King (986–999)
- Cynan ap Hywel, prince of Gwynedd (999–1005)
Ireland
- Ireland (complete list) –
- Flann Sinna, High King (877–914)
- Niall Glúndub, High King (915–917)
- Donnchad Donn, High King (918–942)
- Congalach Cnogba, High King ( 943–954)
- Domnall ua Néill, High King (955–978)
- Máel Sechnaill mac Domnaill, High King (979–1002, 1014–1022)
- Kingdom of Ailech (complete list) –
- Domnall mac Áeda, King (887–915)
- Niall Glúndub mac Áeda, King (896–919)
- Flaithbertach mac Domnaill, King (916–919)
- Fergal mac Domnaill, King (919–938)
- Muirchertach mac Néill, King (938–943)
- Domnall mac Muirchertaig ua Néill, King (943–980)
- Flaithbertach mac Muirchertaig meic Néill, King (943–949)
- Flaithbertach mac Conchobair, King (956–962)
- Tadg mac Conchobair, King (956–962)
- Conn mac Conchobair, King (956–962)
- Murchad Glun re Lar mac Flaithbertaigh, King (962–972)
- Fergal mac Domnaill meic Conaing, King (980–989)
- Áed mac Domnaill Ua Néill, King (989–1004)
- Connachta (complete list) –
- Cathal mac Conchobair, King (900–925)
- Tadg mac Cathail, King (925–956)
- Fergal Ua Ruairc, King (956–967)
- Conchobar mac Tadg, King (967–973)
- Cathal mac Tadg, King (973)
- Cathal mac Conchobar mac Taidg, King (973–1010)
- Leinster (complete list) –
- Cerball mac Muirecáin, King (885–909)
- Augaire mac Aililla, King (909–917)
- Faelan mac Muiredach, King (917–942)
- Lorcán mac Fáelán, King (942–943)
- Bran Fionn mac Máelmórda, King (943–947)
- Túathal mac Úgaire, King (947–958)
- Cellach mac Faelan, King (958–966)
- Murchad mac Bran Fionn, King (966–972)
- Úgaire mac Túathail, King (972–978)
- Domnall Claen, King (978–984)
- Donnchad mac Domnall Claen, King (984–1003)
- Kingdom of Meath (complete list) –
- Flann Sinna mac Maíl Sechnaill, King (877–916)
- Conchobar mac Flainn, King (916–919)
- Donnchad Donn mac Flainn, King (919–944)
- Oengus mac Donnchada, King (944–945/946)
- Donnchad mac Domnaill, King (945/946–950)
- Fergal Got mac Oengussa, King (c.950)
- Aed mac Mael Ruanaid, King (c.950–951)
- Domnall mac Donnchada, King (951–952)
- Carlus mac Cuinn, King (952–960)
- Donnchad Finn mac Aeda, King (960–974)
- Muirchertach mac Mael Sechnaill, King (974–c.976)
- Máel Sechnaill mac Domnaill, King (975/976–1022)
- Munster (complete list) –
- Finguine Cenn nGécan mac Loégairi, King (895–902)
- Cormac mac Cuilennáin, King (902–908)
- Flaithbertach mac Inmainén, King (908–944)
- Lorcán mac Coinlígáin, King (944–?)
- Cellachán Caisil, King (?–954)
- Máel Fathardaig mac Flann, King (954–957)
- Dub-dá-Bairenn mac Domnaill, King (957–959)
- Fer Gráid mac Clérig, King (959–961)
- Donnchad mac Cellacháin, King (959–963)
- Máel Muad mac Brain, King (959–970, 976–978)
- Ivar of Limerick, King (960–977)
- Mathgamain mac Cennétig, King (970–976)
- Brian Boru, King (978–1014)
- Uí Maine (complete list) –
- Mughroin mac Sochlachan, King (?–904)
- Sochlachan mac Diarmata, King (?–909)
- Murchadh mac Sochlachan, King (?–936)
- Murchadh mac Aodha, King (?–960)
- Geibennach mac Aedha, King (?–973)
- Muirgus mac Domnaill, King (?–986)
- Tadhg Mór Ua Cellaigh, King (?–1014)
- Ulaid / Ulster (complete list) –
- Áed mac Eochocáin, King (898–919)
- Dubgall mac Áeda, King (919–925)
- Loingsech mac Cinn Etig, King (925–932)
- Eochaid mac Conaill, King (932–937)
- Matudán mac Áeda, King (937–950)
- Ardgal mac Matudáin, King (950–970)
- Niall mac Áeda, King (970–971)
- Áed mac Loingsig, King (971–972)
- Eochaid mac Ardgail, King (972–1004)
Europe: Central
- Holy Roman Empire (complete list) –
- Kingdom of Germany, formally East Francia (complete list) –
- Duchy of Bavaria (complete list) –
- Luitpold, Margrave (895–907)
- Arnulf the Bad, Duke (907–920)
- Arnulf the Bad, Duke (920–937)
- Eberhard, Duke (937–938)
- Berthold, Duke (938–947)
- Henry I, Duke (947–955)
- Henry II the Quarrelsome, Duke (955–976)
- Otto I, Duke (976–982)
- Henry III the Younger, Duke (983–985)
- Henry II the Quarrelsome, Duke (985–995)
- Henry IV, Duke (995–1004)
- March of Austria (complete list) –
- Leopold I, Margrave (976–994)
- Henry I, Margrave (994–1018)
- Adalbert, Margrave (1018–1055)
- Ernest, Margrave (1055–1075)
- Leopold II, Margrave (1075–1095)
- Leopold III, Margrave (1095–1136)
- Leopold IV, Margrave (1137–1141)
- Henry II, Margrave (1141–1156)
- Billung March (complete list) –
- Hermann Billung, Margrave (936–973)
- Duchy of Bohemia (complete list) –
- Spytihněv I, Duke (894–915)
- Vratislaus I, Duke (915–921)
- Wenceslaus I, Duke (921–935)
- Boleslaus I the Cruel, Duke (935–972)
- Boleslaus II the Pious, Duke (972–999)
- Boleslaus III the Redhead, Duke (999–1002, 1003)
- Upper Burgundy (complete list) –
- Rudolph I, King (888–912)
- Rudolph II, King (912–937)
- Conrad I, King (937–993)
- Rudolph III, King (993–1032)
- Duchy of Franconia (complete list) –
- Conrad I, Duke (906–918)
- County of Frisia / County of Holland (complete list) –
- Dirk I, Count (896–931)
- Dirk I bis, Count (931–939)
- Dirk II, Count (939–988)
- Arnulf, Count (988–993)
- Dirk III Hierosolymita, Count (993–1039)
- County of Hainaut (complete list) –
- Sigard, Count (898–908)
- Reginar I, Count (870–898, 908–915)
- Reginar II, Count (915–post–932)
- Reginar III, Count (pre–940–958)
- Godfrey I, Count (pre–958–964)
- Hainaut split into Mons and Valenciennes
- Lotharingia (complete list) –
- Louis the Child, King (900–911)
- Gebhard, Duke (903–910)
- Charles the Simple, King (911–923)
- Reginar, Duke (910–915)
- Gilbert, Duke (915–939)
- Henry, Duke (939–940)
- Otto, Duke (942–944)
- Conrad, Duke (944–953)
- Bruno, Duke (953–965)
- Louis the Child, King (900–911)
- March of Merseburg –
- County of Mons (complete list) –
- Richar, Count (964–973)
- Renaud, Count (973)
- Reginar IV, Count (973–974, 998–1013)
- Godfrey II, Count (974–998)
- Great Moravia –
- Mojmír II, Duke (894–906)
- March of Pannonia (complete list) –
- Aribo of Austria (871–909)
- Duchy of Saxony (complete list) –
- Otto I the Illustrious, Duke (880–912)
- Henry I the Fowler, Duke (912–936)
- Otto II the Great, Duke (936–961)
- Hermann, Duke (961–973)
- Bernard I, Duke (973–1011)
- Duchy or Landgraviate of Thuringia (complete list) –
- County of Valenciennes (complete list) –
- Amaury, Count (953–973)
- Werner, Count (973)
- Reginar IV, Count (973–974)
- Arnulf, Count (974–988)
- Baldwin IV, Count (988–1035)
- March of Zeitz –
- Wigger I, Margrave (965–981)
Europe: East
- Volga Bulgaria (complete list) –
- Batyr Mö'min, ruler (882–895)
- Almış, Emir (895–925)
- Mikail bine Cäğfär, ruler (925–943)
- Äxmäd bine Cäğfär, ruler (943–950)
- Abdulla bine Mikail, ruler (950–970)
- Talib bine Äxmäd, ruler (970–976)
- Mö'min bine Äxmäd, ruler (976–980)
- Abd ar-Rahman bine Mö'min, ruler (980–1006)
- Civitas Schinesghe (complete list) –
- Piast the Wheelwright, Duke (?–861)
- Siemowit, Duke (9th century)
- Lestek, Duke (early 10th century)
- Siemomysł, Duke (mid–10th century)
- Mieszko I, Duke (960–992)
- Bolesław I
- Duke (992–1025)
- King (1025)
- Principality of Hungary (complete list) –
- Khazar Khaganate (complete list) –
- Aaron I, ruler (c.900)
- Menahem, ruler (early 10th-century)
- Benjamin, ruler (c.920)
- Aaron II, ruler (late 920s–940)
- Joseph, ruler (940–965)
- David of Taman, ruler (c.986–988)
- Georgius Tzul, ruler (?–1016)
- Kievan Rus' (complete list) –
- Oleg of Novgorod,[5] Prince (882–912)
- Igor I, Prince (912–945)
- Olga,[6] Regent, Consort (945–962)
- Sviatoslav I,[7] Prince (962–972)
- Yaropolk I,[8] Prince (972–980)
- Vladimir I the Great, Grand Prince (980–1015)
- Novgorod (complete list) –
- Oleg of Novgorod (879–912)
- Poland (complete list) –
- Mieszko I, Duke (c.960–992)
Europe: Nortic
- Denmark (complete list) –
- Harthacnut I, King (early–10th century)
- Gorm the Old, King (c. 936–c. 958)
- Harald Bluetooth, King (c.958–c.986)
- Sweyn Forkbeard, King (986–1014)
- Norway (complete list) –
- Harald Fairhair, King (c.872–930)
- Eric Bloodaxe, King (c.929–934)
- Haakon I the Good, King (c.934–960)
- Harald II Greycloak, King (c.961–970)
- Harald Bluetooth, King (c.970–985/986)
- Haakon Sigurdsson, de facto ruler (c.975–995)[9]
- Olaf Tryggvason, King (995–1000)
- Sweyn Forkbeard, King (c.985–995, 1000–1014)
- Sweden (complete list) –
- Ring of Sweden, King (c.910–940)
- Erik Ringsson, King (c.940–950)
- Emund Eriksson, King (mid–10th century)
- Björn Eriksson, King (late 10th century)
- Olof Björnsson, King (late 10th century)
Europe: Southcentral
Holy Roman Empire in Italy
Holy Roman Empire in Italy
- Integrum: Simultaneous claimants
- Berengar I, King (887–924)
- Guy of Spoleto, King (889–894)
- Lambert of Spoleto, King (894–898)
- Arnulf of Carinthia, King (894–899)[10]
- Ratold, King (896)
- Lambert of Spoleto, King (896–898)
- Berengar I, King (896–924)
- Louis III the Blind, King (900–905)
- Rudolph II of Burgundy, King (922–926)
- Hugh of Arles, King (924–947)
- Lothair II, King (948–950)
- Berengar II of Ivrea, co-King (950–961)
- Adalbert of Ivrea, co-King (950–963)
- Papal States (complete list) –
- Benedict IV, Pope (900–903)
- Leo V, Pope (903)
- Sergius III, Pope (904–911)
- Anastasius III, Pope (911–913)
- Lando, Pope (913–914)
- John X, Pope (914–928)
- Leo VI, Pope (928)
- Stephen VII, Pope (929–931)
- John XI, Pope (931–935)
- Leo VII, Pope (936–939)
- Stephen VIII, Pope (939–942)
- Marinus II, Pope (942–946)
- Agapetus II, Pope (946–955)
- John XII, Pope (955–963, 964)
- Benedict V, Pope (964)
- Leo VIII, Pope (964–965)
- John XIII, Pope (965–972)
- Benedict VI, Pope (973–974)
- Benedict VII, Pope (974–983)
- John XIV, Pope (983–984)
- John XV, Pope (985–996)
- Gregory V, Pope (996–999)
- Sylvester II, Pope (999–1003)
- Duchy of Spoleto (complete list) –
- Transamund III, Duke (982–989)
- Republic of Venice (complete list) –
- Pietro Tribuno, Doge (888–912)
- Orso II Participazio, Doge (912–932)
- Pietro II Candiano, Doge (932–939)
- Pietro Participazio, Doge (939–942)
- Pietro III Candiano, Doge (942–959)
- Pietro IV Candiano, Doge (959–976)
- Pietro I Orseolo, Doge (976–978)
- Vitale Candiano, Doge (978–979)
- Tribuno Memmo, Doge (979–991)
- Pietro II Orseolo, Doge (991–1009)
- March of Tuscany (complete list) –
Southern Italy
Southern Italy
- Principality of Benevento (complete list) –
- Atenulf I, Prince (900–910)
- Landulf I, co-ruler (901–910), Prince (910–943)
- Atenulf II, co-ruler (911–940)
- Landulf of Conza, co-ruler (940)
- Atenulf III Carinola, co-ruler (933–943)
- Landulf II, co-ruler (940–943), Prince (943–961)
- Landulf III, co-ruler (959–961), Prince (961–968)
- Pandulf I, co-ruler (943–961), Prince (961–981)
- Landulf IV, co-ruler (968–981)
- Pandulf II, Prince (981–1014)
- Principality of Capua (complete list) –
- Atenulf I, Gastald (887–910)
- Landulf III, Gastald (901–910), Prince (910–943)
- Atenulf II, co-Prince (911–940)
- Landulf of Conza, co-Prince (940)
- Atenulf III Carinola, co-Prince (933–943)
- Landulf IV, Prince (940–961)
- Landulf III, Prince (959–968)
- Pandulf I Ironhead, Prince (961–981)
- Landulf VI, Prince (981–982)
- Landenulf II, Prince (982–993)
- Laidulf, Prince (993–999)
- Adhemar, Prince (999)
- Landulf VII, Prince (999–1007)
- Duchy of Gaeta (complete list) –
- Docibilis I, Hypatus (866–906)
- John I, Hypatus (867–933)
- Docibilis II, co-Hypatus (906–933), Duke (933–954)
- John II, co-Duke (933–954), Duke (954–963)
- Gregory, Duke (963–978)
- Marinus II, Duke (978–984)
- John III, co-Duke (979–984), Duke (984–1008)
- John IV, co-Duke (991–1008), Duke (1008–1012)
- March of Ivrea (complete list) –
- Anscar I of Ivrea, Margrave (888–902)
- Adalbert I, Margrave (902–929)
- Anscar II, Margrave (929–936)
- Berengar I, Margrave (936–957)
- Guy, Margrave (957–965)
- Adalbert II, Margrave (965–970)
- Conrad, Margrave (970–c.990)
- Arduin, Margrave (c.990–1015)
- Duchy of Naples (complete list) –
- Gregory IV, Duke (898–915)
- John II, Duke (915–919)
- Marinus I, Duke (919–928)
- John III, Duke (928–968/969)
- Marinus II, Duke (968/969–992/997)
- Sergius III, Duke (992–997/999)
- John IV, Duke (997/999–1005)
- Principality of Salerno (complete list) –
- Guaimar I, Prince (880–901)
- Guaimar II, Prince (901–946)
- Gisulf I, Prince (946–978)
- Landulf of Conza, Prince in opposition (973)
- Pandulf I Ironhead, Prince (978–981)
- Pandulf II, Prince (981)
- Manso, Prince (981–983)
- John I, Prince (981–983)
- John II, Prince (983–994)
- Guaimar III, Prince (994–1027)
Europe: Southwest
Iberian Peninsula: Christian
Iberian Peninsula: Christian
- County of Aragon (complete list) –
- Galindo Aznárez II, Count (893–922)
- Kingdom of Asturias (complete list) –
- Alfonso III, King (866–910)
- Fruela II, King (910–925)
- County of Barcelona (complete list) –
- Wilfred II Borrel, Count (897–911)
- Sunyer, Count (911–947)
- Borrell II, Count (947–992)
- Miro, Count (947–966)
- Ramon Borrell, Count (988–1018)
- County of Pallars (complete list) –
- Kingdom of Pamplona (complete list) –
- Fortún Garcés, King (882–905)
- Sancho I, King (905–925)
- Jimeno Garcés, King (925–931)
- García Sánchez I, King (931–970)
- Sancho II, King (970–994)
- García Sánchez II, King (994–1000/1004)
- County of Ribagorza (complete list) –
- Raymond I, Count (872–920)
- Bernard I, Count (920–950/955)
- Miro, Count (920–?)
- Raymond II, Count (950/955–970)
- Humfred (II), Count (970–979)
- Arnold, Count (979–990)
- Isarn, Count (990–1003)
Iberian Peninsula: Muslim
Iberian Peninsula: Muslim
- Emirate of Córdoba (complete list) –
- Abdallah ibn Muhammad, Emir (888–912)
- Abd ar-Rahman III, Emir (912–929), Caliph (929–961)
- Al-Hakam II, Caliph (961–976)
- Hisham II, Caliph (976–1008, 1010–1012)
Marca Hispanica
Marca Hispanica
- County of Osona (complete list) –
- Ermengol, Count (939–943)
- County of Cerdanya (complete list) –
- Miró II, Count (897–927)
- Sunifred II, Count (927–968)
- Miró III, Count (968–984)
- Oliba Cabreta, Count (968–988)
- Wilfred II, Count (988–1035)
- County of Urgell (complete list) –
- Sunifred II , Count (898–948)
- Miró de Barcelona, Count (948–966)
- Borrell II, Count (966–992)
- Ermengol I of Cordoba, Count (992–1010)
Europe: West
- West Francia, later France (complete list) –
- Charles the Simple, King (898–922)
- Robert I, King (922–923)
- Rudolph, King (923–936)
- Louis IV, King (936–954)
- Lothair, King (954–986)
- Louis V, King (986–987)
- Hugh Capet, King (987–996)
- Robert II, King (987–1031)
- County of Angoulême (complete list) –
- Alduin I, Count (886–916)[11]
- Aymer of Poitiers, Count (916–926)[12]
- William II ("Taillefer" I), Count (926–c.945)[13]
- Aymer II, Count (after 945–before 952)[14]
- Bernard, Count (after 945–before 952)[15]
- Arnald I "Voratio", Count (after 950–before 952)[16]
- William III "Talleyrand", Count (952/964–before 973/975)[17]
- Rannulf "Bompar", Count (973/975–975)[18]
- Richard the Simple, Count (975?)[19]
- Arnald II "Manzer", Count (975–988)[20]
- William IV (Taillefer II), Count (988–1028)[21]
- Anjou (complete list) –
- Fulk I, Count (898–942)
- Fulk II, Count (942–958)
- Geoffrey I, Count (960–987)
- Fulk III, Count (987–1040)
- Duchy of Aquitaine (complete list) –
- William I, Duke (893–918)
- William II, Duke (918–926)
- Acfred, Duke (926–927)
- Ebalus, Duke (890–893, 927–932)
- Raymond I, Duke (932–936)
- Raymond II, Duke (936–955)
- Hugh the Great, Duke (955–962)
- William III, Duke (962–963)
- William IV, Duke (963–995)
- William V, Duke (995–1030)
- Auvergne (complete list) –
- William I of Aquitaine, Count (886–918)
- William II of Aquitaine, Count (858–862, 918–926)
- Acfred, Duke of Aquitaine, Count (926–927)
- Ebalus Manzer, Count (927–934)
- Raymond Pons, Count of Toulouse, Count (940–941)
- William III, Duke of Aquitaine, Count (950–963)
- Armand of Clermont, Count (late 10th century)
- Robert I of Clermont, Count (late 10th century)
- Robert II of Clermont, Count (late 10th century)
- Robert III of Clermont, Count (late 10th century)
- Guy I of Auvergne, Count (979–989)
- William IV of Auvergne, Count (989–1016)
- Duchy of Brittany (complete list) –
- Alan I, King (876–907)
- Gourmaëlon, ruler (907–c.914)
- Hroflr, Viking ruler (early 10th century)
- Rognvaldr, Viking ruler (early 10th century)
- Incon, Viking ruler (early 10th century)
- Alan II, Duke (938–952)
- Drogo, Duke (952–958)
- Hoël I, Duke (960–981)
- Guérech, Duke (981–988)
- Conan I, Duke (990–992))
- Geoffrey I, Duke (992–1008)
- Duchy of Burgundy (complete list) –
- Richard the Justiciar, Duke (880–921)
- Rudolph, Duke (921–923)
- Hugh the Black, Duke (923–952)
- Gilbert, Duke (952–956)
- Otto, Duke (956–965)
- Eudes Henry, Duke (965–1002)
- County of Flanders (complete list) –
- Baldwin II, Count (879–918)
- Arnulf I the Great, Count (918–964)
- Baldwin III, Count (958–962)
- Arnulf II, Count (964–988)
- Baldwin IV the Bearded, Count (988–1037)
- Duchy of Gascony (complete list) –
- García II, Duke (893–c.930)
- Sans IV, Duke (930–c.950)
- Sans V, Duke (c.950–c.961)
- Guilhem II, Duke (c.961–996)
- Bernat I, Duke (996–1009)
- County of Maine (complete list) –
- Provence / Lower Burgundy (complete list) –
- Louis the Blind, King(887–928)
- Hugh, King(911–933)
- Rotbold I, Count (961–1008)
- County of Toulouse (complete list) –
- Odo, Count (886–918)
- Raymond II, Count (918–924)
- Raymond III Pons, Count (924–c.950)
- Raymond (IV), Count (c.950–c.961)
- Hugh, Count (c.961–c.972)
- Raymond (V), Count (c.972–c.978)
- William III Taillefer, Count (978–1037)
- County of Vermandois (complete list) –
- Herbert I, Count (896–907)
- Herbert II, Count (907–943)
- Albert I the Pious, Count (943–988)
- Herbert III, Count (987–997)
- Albert II, Count (997–1035)
Eurasia: Caucasus
- Bagratid Armenia (complete list) –
- Principality of Iberia (complete list) –
- Adarnase IV, King (888–923)
- David II, King (923–937)
- Sumbat I, King (937–958)
- Bagrat II, King (958–994)
- Gurgen of Georgia, King (994–1008)
- Principality of Kakheti (complete list) –
- Kvirike I, Prince (893–918)
- Padla II, Prince (918–929)
- Kvirike II, Prince (929–976)
- David , Prince (976–1010)
- Hereti (complete list) –
- Adarnase II, King (897–943)
- Ishchanik, King (943–951)
- Iany I, King (951–959)
- Kingdom of the Kartvels (complete list) –
- David I Mampali, King (900–943)
- Sumbat II, King (943–988)
- David II, King (988–992/993)
- Sumbat III, King (992/993–1011)
References
- ↑ This is primarily covered in the chronicle of al-Nuwayri.
- ↑ On the rise of the Fatimids, see Ibn Khaldoun (v.2 App. #2(pp.496-549))
- ↑ See al-Nuwayri (v.2, App.1) and Ibn Khaldoun, v.2
- ↑ Encyclopaedia of Wales
- ↑ Sveerne (konung of Holmgård (Novgorod) and Kønugård (Kiev))
- ↑ Olga was first of Rurikid to be baptized by Emperor Constantine VII but failed to bring Christianity to Kiev
- ↑ Leszek Moczulski, Narodziny Międzymorza, p.475, Bellona SA, Warszawa 2007, ISBN 978-83-11-10826-4
- ↑ Ярополк is modern Ukrainian, Jaropełk is Polish, Jaropluk is Czech, Jaropelkas is Lithuanian, Iaropelkos is Greek, Jaropolk is German and Swedish.
- ↑ Krag, Claus (1995). Vikingtid og rikssamling: 800–1130. Aschehougs norgeshistorie. 2. p. 101. ISBN 8203220150.
- ↑ Bryce, James The Holy Roman Empire (1913), pg. xxxv
- ↑ Debord, 99–103; and Bourgeois, 387 and 389–91.
- ↑ Debord, 99–103; and Bourgeois, 387 and 389–91.
- ↑ Debord, 99–103; and Bourgeois, 387 and 391.
- ↑ Adémar II was one of two known sons of William II, but his status as count is only supported by one possible reading of his father's will. Debord (99–103) notes that he might have become count, while Bourgeois rejects the possibility (387 and 392). For William II's will, see: Paul Lefrancq, ed., Cartulaire de l’abbaye de Saint-Cybard (Angoulême: Imprimerie Ouvrière, 1930), #222.
- ↑ Debord, 99–103; and Bourgeois, 387 and 392–93
- ↑ Debord, 99–103; and Bourgeois, 387 and 392–93.
- ↑ Debord, 99–103; and Bourgeois, 387 and 392–93.
- ↑ Debord, 99–103; and Bourgeois, 387 and 392–93.
- ↑ Debord, 99–103 omits Richard; Bourgeois, 387 and 392–93, accepts him. Only mentioned in Adémar de Chabannes' chronicle, if he ruled at all it would have been in 975. Ademari Cabannensis opera omnia pars 1: Chronicon, ed. Pascale Bourgain, Richard Landes, and Georges Pon, Corpus Christianorum Continuatio Mediaevalis 129 (Turnhout: Brepols, 1999), III.28, 148.
- ↑ Bourgeois, 387.
- ↑ Bourgeois, 387.
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