United States Senate elections, 1804 and 1805

Dates vary by state

11 of the 34 seats in the United States Senate (plus special elections) 18 seats needed for a majority

	Majority party	Minority party

Party	Democratic-Republican	Federalist
Last election	22 seats	9 seats
Seats before	25	9
Seats won	9	2
Seats after	27	7
Seat change	2	2
Seats up	7	4

Majority party before election

Democratic-Republican

Elected Majority party

Democratic-Republican

The United States Senate elections of 1804 and 1805 were elections that expanded the Democratic-Republican Party's overwhelming control over the United States Senate. The Federalists went into the elections with such a small share of Senate seats (9 out of 34, or 27%) that even if they had won every election, they would have still remained a minority caucus.

As these elections were prior to the ratification of the seventeenth amendment, senators were chosen by state legislatures.

Results summary

Senate Party Division, 9th Congress (1805–1807)

Majority Party: Democratic-Republican (27)
Minority Party: Federalist (7)
Other Parties: 0
Total Seats: 34

Change in Senate composition

Before the elections

F₈ Unknown	F₉ Unknown	DR₂₅ Unknown	DR₂₄ Ran	DR₂₃ Ran	DR₂₂ Ran	DR₂₁ Ran	DR₂₀ Ran	DR₁₉ Ran
DR₇	DR₆	DR₅	DR₄	DR₃	DR₂	DR₁
DR₈	DR₉	DR₁₀	DR₁₁	DR₁₂	DR₁₃	DR₁₄	DR₁₅	DR₁₆	DR₁₇
Majority →									DR₁₈
F₇ Ran	F₆ Ran	F₅	F₄	F₃	F₂	F₁

Beginning of the 9th Congress

DR₂₇ Gain	DR₂₆ Gain	DR₂₅ Hold	DR₂₄ Hold	DR₂₃ Hold	DR₂₂ Hold	DR₂₁ Re-elected	DR₂₀ Re-elected	DR₁₉ Re-elected
DR₇	DR₆	DR₅	DR₄	DR₃	DR₂	DR₁
DR₈	DR₉	DR₁₀	DR₁₁	DR₁₂	DR₁₃	DR₁₄	DR₁₅	DR₁₆	DR₁₇
Majority →									DR₁₈
F₇ Re-elected	F₆ Re-elected	F₅	F₄	F₃	F₂	F₁

Key:

DR_#	Democratic-Republican
F_#	Federalist
V_#	Vacant

Race summaries

Special elections during the 8th Congress

In these special elections, the winner was seated during 1804 or before March 4, 1805; ordered by election date.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
New York (Class 3)	John Armstrong, Jr.	Democratic-Republican	1800 (Special) 1801 (Resigned 1802) 1803 (Appointed)	Interim appointee resigned December 3, 1804 to become U.S. Senator from Class 1 seat. Winner elected February 23, 1804. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ John Smith (Democratic-Republican) Unopposed^[1]
New York (Class 1)	Theodorus Bailey	Democratic-Republican	1803	Resigned January 16, 1804 to become Postmaster of New York City. Winner elected February 25, 1804. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ John Armstrong, Jr. (Democratic-Republican) 92.2% Jacob Radcliff (Federalist) 4.4% Egbert Benson (Federalist) 3.3%^[2]
Rhode Island (Class 1)	Samuel J. Potter	Democratic-Republican	1803	Died October 14, 1804. Winner elected October 29, 1804. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ Benjamin Howland (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Delaware (Class 2)	William H. Wells	Federalist	1799 (Special) 1799	Resigned November 6, 1804. Winner elected November 13, 1804. Winner also elected to the next term, see below. Federalist hold.	√ James A. Bayard (Federalist) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
New York (Class 1)	John Armstrong, Jr.	Democratic-Republican	1804 (Special)	Resigned to become U.S. Minister to France. Winner elected November 23, 1804. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ Samuel Latham Mitchill (Democratic-Republican) 83.3% Rufus King (Federalist) 15.6% David Thomas (Democratic-Republican) 1.1%^[3]
Virginia (Class 1)	Andrew Moore	Democratic-Republican	1804 (Appointed)	Interim appointee resigned December 3, 1804 to become U.S. Senator from Class 1 seat. Winner elected December 4, 1804. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ William B. Giles (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Virginia (Class 2)	William B. Giles	Democratic-Republican	1804 (Appointed)	Interim appointee resigned December 3, 1804 to become U.S. Senator from Class 2 seat. Winner elected December 4, 1804. Winner also elected to the next term, see below. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ Andrew Moore (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
South Carolina (Class 3)	Pierce Butler	Democratic-Republican	1802 (Special)	Resigned November 21, 1804. Winner elected December 6, 1804. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ John Gaillard (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]

Races leading to the 9th Congress

In these general elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1805; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Delaware	James A. Bayard	Federalist	1804 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected in 1805.	√ James A. Bayard (Federalist) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Georgia	Abraham Baldwin	Democratic- Republican	1799	Incumbent re-elected in 1805.	√ Abraham Baldwin (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Kentucky	John Brown	Democratic- Republican	1792 (New seat) 1792 1799	Incumbent lost re-election. Winner's election date unknown. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ Buckner Thruston (Democratic-Republican) John Brown (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Massachusetts	Timothy Pickering	Federalist	1803 (Special)	Incumbent's re-election date unknown.	√ Timothy Pickering (Federalist) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
New Hampshire	Simeon Olcott	Federalist	1801 (Special)	Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. Winner elected in 1804. Democratic-Republican gain.	√ Nicholas Gilman (Federalist) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
New Jersey	Jonathan Dayton	Federalist	1799	Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. Winner's election date unknown. Democratic-Republican gain.	√ Aaron Kitchell (Federalist) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
North Carolina	Jesse Franklin	Democratic- Republican	1798	Incumbent lost re-election. Winner elected in 1804. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ James Turner (Democratic-Republican) Jesse Franklin (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Rhode Island	Christopher Ellery	Democratic- Republican	1801 (Special)	Incumbent lost re-election. Winner's election date unknown. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ James Fenner (Democratic-Republican) Christopher Ellery (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
South Carolina	Thomas Sumter	Democratic- Republican	1801	Incumbent re-elected in 1805.	√ Thomas Sumter (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Tennessee	William Cocke	Democratic- Republican	1799 (Special)	Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. Winner's election date unknown. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ Daniel Smith (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Virginia	William B. Giles	Democratic- Republican	1804 (Appointed) 1804 (Resigned) 1804 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected in 1804.	√ William B. Giles (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]

Special elections during the 9th Congress

In this special election, the winner was seated in 1805 after March 4.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Kentucky (Class 3)	John Breckinridge	Democratic-Republican	1801	Resigned August 7, 1805 to become U.S. Attorney General. Winner elected November 8, 1805. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ John Adair (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]

References

↑ "NY US Senate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 23, 2015.
↑ "NY US Senate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 23, 2015.
↑ "NY US Senate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 23, 2015.

Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov

United States Senate elections

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