United States Senate elections, 1810 and 1811

Dates vary by state

11 of the 34 seats in the United States Senate (plus special elections) 18 seats needed for a majority

	Majority party	Minority party

Party	Democratic-Republican	Federalist
Last election	27 seats	7 seats
Seats before	26	8
Seats won	10	1
Seats after	27	7
Seat change	1	1
Seats up	9	2

Majority party before election

Democratic-Republican

Elected Majority party

Democratic-Republican

The United States Senate elections of 1810 and 1811 were elections that had the majority Democratic-Republican Party gain one seat in the United States Senate. The minority Federalists had gone into the elections with such a small share of Senate seats (7 out of 34, or 20.6%) that they had won all of the elections, they would still not have controlled a majority.

As these elections were prior to ratification of the seventeenth amendment, Senators were chosen by State legislatures.

Change in Senate composition

Before the elections

Composition after June 1810 special election in New Hampshire.

F₈	DR₂₆	DR₂₅	DR₂₄	DR₂₃	DR₂₂	DR₂₁	DR₂₀	DR₁₉
DR₇	DR₆	DR₅	DR₄	DR₃	DR₂	DR₁
DR₈	DR₉	DR₁₀	DR₁₁	DR₁₂	DR₁₃	DR₁₄	DR₁₅	DR₁₆	DR₁₇
Majority →									DR₁₈
F₇	F₆	F₅	F₄	F₃	F₂	F₁

Beginning of the next Congress

DR₂₇ Gain*	DR₂₆ Hold	DR₂₅ Hold	DR₂₄ Re-elected	DR₂₃ Re-elected	DR₂₂ Re-elected	DR₂₁ Re-elected	DR₂₀ Re-elected	DR₁₉ Re-elected
DR₇	DR₆	DR₅	DR₄	DR₃	DR₂	DR₁
DR₈	DR₉	DR₁₀	DR₁₁	DR₁₂	DR₁₃	DR₁₄	DR₁₅	DR₁₆	DR₁₇
Majority →									DR₁₈ Re-elected
F₇ Re-elected	F₆	F₅	F₄	F₃	F₂	F₁

Note:

DR₂₇ (Massachusetts seat): Incumbent Federalist lost re-election, but successor Democratic-Republican was elected late in 1811, after this Congress began.

Key:

DR_#	Democratic-Republican
F_#	Federalist
V_#	Vacant

Race summaries

Bold states link to specific election articles.

Special elections during the 11th Congress

In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1810 or before March 4, 1811; ordered by election date.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Delaware (Class 1)	Samuel White	Federalist	1801 (Appointed) 1796 (Special) 1803 1809	Incumbent died November 4, 1809. Winner elected January 12, 1810. Federalist hold.	√ Outerbridge Horsey (Federalist) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
New Hampshire (Class 3)	Nahum Parker	Democratic-Republican	1807	Incumbent resigned June 1, 1810. Winner elected June 21, 1810. Federalist gain.	√ Charles Cutts (Federalist) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Connecticut (Class 1)	James Hillhouse	Federalist	1796 (Special) 1797 1803 1809	Incumbent resigned June 10, 1810. Winner elected December 4, 1810. Federalist hold.	√ Samuel W. Dana (Federalist) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Ohio (Class 1)	Return J. Meigs, Jr.	Democratic-Republican	1808 (Special) 1809	Incumbent resigned December 8, 1810 to become Governor of Ohio. Winner elected December 15, 1810 . Democratic-Republican hold.	√ Thomas Worthington (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
South Carolina (Class 2)	Thomas Sumter	Democratic-Republican	1801 (Special) 1809	Incumbent resigned December 16, 1810. Winner elected December 19, 1810 . Democratic-Republican hold. Winner was subsequently elected to the next full term (See below).	√ John Taylor (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]

Races leading to the 12th Congress

In these general elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1811 (except where noted due to late election); ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Delaware	James A. Bayard	Federalist	1804 (Special) 1805	Incumbent re-elected in 1811.	√ James A. Bayard (Federalist) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Georgia	William H. Crawford	Democratic-Republican	1807 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected in 1810 or 1811.	√ William H. Crawford (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Kentucky	Henry Clay	Democratic-Republican	1810 (Appointed)	Appointee retired to run for U.S. House of Representatives. Winner elected in 1811. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ George M. Bibb (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Massachusetts	Timothy Pickering	Federalist	1803 (Special) 1804	Incumbent lost re-election. Winner was elected late June 29, 1811 due to partisan deadlock in the Massachusetts Senate. Democratic-Republican gain.	√ Joseph Bradley Varnum (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
New Hampshire	Nicholas Gilman	Democratic-Republican	1804	Incumbent re-elected in 1811.	√ Nicholas Gilman (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
New Jersey	John Condit	Democratic-Republican	1803 (Appointed) 1803 (Special) 1809 (Left) 1809 (Appointed) 1809 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected in November 1810.	√ John Condit (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
North Carolina	James Turner	Democratic-Republican	1804	Incumbent re-elected in 1811.	√ James Turner (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Rhode Island	Elisha Mathewson	Democratic-Republican	1807 (Special)	Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. Winner elected in 1811. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ Jeremiah B. Howell (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
South Carolina	John Taylor	Democratic-Republican	1810 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected December 20, 1810.	√ John Taylor (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Tennessee	Jenkin Whiteside	Democratic-Republican	1809 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected in 1810 or 1811.	√ Jenkin Whiteside (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Virginia	William B. Giles	Democratic-Republican	1804 (Appointed) 1804 (Special) 1804	Incumbent re-elected in 1811.	√ William B. Giles (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]

Special elections during the 12th Congress

In these special elections, the winners were seated in 1811 after March 4; ordered by election date.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Tennessee (Class 2)	Jenkin Whiteside	Democratic-Republican	1809 (Special)	Resigned October 8, 1811. Winner elected October 8, 1811. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ George W. Campbell (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Rhode Island (Class 1)	Christopher G. Champlin	Federalist	1809 (Special)	Resigned October 12, 1811. Winner elected October 28, 1811. Federalist hold.	√ William Hunter (Federalist) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]

References

Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov

United States Senate elections

1788/89 1790/91 1792/93 1794/95 1796/97 1798/99 1800/01 1802/03 1804/05 1806/07 1808/09 1810/11 1812/13 1814/15 1816/17 1818/19 1820/21 1822/23 1824/25 1826/27 1828/29 1830/31 1832/33 1834/35 1836/37 1838/39 1840/41 1842/43 1844/45 1846/47 1848/49 1850/51 1852/53 1854/55 1856/57 1858/59 1860/61 1862/63 1864/65 1866/67 1868/69 1870/71 1872/73 1874/75 1876/77 1878/79 1880/81 1882/83 1884/85 1886/87 1888/89 1890/91 1892/93 1894/95 1896/97 1898/99 1900/01 1902/03 1904/05 1906/07 1908/09 1910/11 1912/13 1914/15 1916/17 1918 1920/21 1922/23 1924 1926 1928 1930 1932/33 1934 1936 1938 1940 1942 1944 1946 1948 1950 1952 1954 1956 1958 1960 1962 1964 1966 1968 1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022

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