United States Senate elections, 1926

November 2, 1926

34 of the 96 seats in the United States Senate 49 seats needed for a majority

	Majority party	Minority party

Leader	Charles Curtis	Joseph Robinson
Party	Republican	Democratic
Leader's seat	Kansas	Arkansas
Last election	54 seats	41 seats
Seats before	55	40
Seats won	20	14
Seats after	48	47
Seat change	7	7

	Third party

Party	Farmer–Labor
Last election	1 seat
Seats before	1
Seats won	0
Seats after	1
Seat change

Democratic gain

Democratic hold

Republican hold

Majority Leader before election

Charles Curtis
Republican

Elected Majority Leader

Charles Curtis
Republican

The United States Senate elections of 1926 was an election for the United States Senate which occurred in the middle of Republican President Calvin Coolidge's second term. The Republican majority was reduced by seven seats.

Gains and losses

Seven Republican incumbents lost re-election to Democrats:

Arizona: Republican incumbent Ralph H. Cameron lost to Democrat Carl Hayden.
Kentucky: Republican incumbent Richard P. Ernst lost to Democrat Alben W. Barkley.
Maryland: Republican incumbent Ovington E. Weller lost to Democrat Millard E. Tydings.
Massachusetts: Republican incumbent appointee William M. Butler lost to Democrat David I. Walsh.
Missouri: Republican incumbent appointee George H. Williams lost to Democrat Harry B. Hawes both to finish the term and to the next term.
New York: Republican incumbent James W. Wadsworth, Jr. lost to Democrat Robert F. Wagner.
Oklahoma: Republican incumbent John W. Harreld lost to Democrat Elmer Thomas.

Five Republican incumbents lost renomination, but their seats were held by Republicans:

Colorado: Republican incumbent Rice W. Means lost renomination to Republican challenger Charles W. Waterman, who then won the general election.
Illinois: Republican incumbent William B. McKinley lost renomination to Republican challenger Republican challenger Frank L. Smith, who then won the general election.
Oregon: Republican incumbent Robert N. Stanfield lost renomination to Republican challenger Frederick Steiwer, who then won the general election.
Pennsylvania: Republican incumbent George W. Pepper lost renomination to Republican challenger William S. Vare, who then won the general election.
Wisconsin: Republican incumbent Irvine L. Lenroot lost renomination to Republican challenger John J. Blaine, who then won the general election.

No Democratic incumbents lost re-election or renomination. The only change in a Democratic seat was in Alabama, where Democrat Oscar Underwood retired and was replaced by Democrat Hugo L. Black.

No third party candidates won these elections. The sole third party incumbent (from the Farmer–Labor Party) was not up for election this year.

Change in Senate composition

Before the elections

R₃₉	R₄₀	R₄₁	R₄₂	R₄₃	R₄₄	R₄₅	R₄₆	R₄₇
		D₁	D₂	D₃	D₄	D₅	D₆	D₇	D₈
D₁₈	D₁₇	D₁₆	D₁₅	D₁₄	D₁₃	D₁₂	D₁₁	D₁₀	D₉
D₁₉	D₂₀	D₂₁	D₂₂	D₂₃	D₂₄	D₂₅	D₂₆	D₂₇	D₂₈
D₃₈	D₃₇	D₃₆	D₃₅	D₃₄	D₃₃	D₃₂	D₃₁	D₃₀	D₂₉
D₃₉	D₄₀	FL₁	R₅₅	R₅₄	R₅₃	R₅₂	R₅₁	R₅₀	R₄₉
Majority →									R₄₈
R₃₈	R₃₇	R₃₆	R₃₅	R₃₄	R₃₃	R₃₂	R₃₁	R₃₀	R₂₉
R₁₉	R₂₀	R₂₁	R₂₂	R₂₃	R₂₄	R₂₅	R₂₆	R₂₇	R₂₈*
R₁₈	R₁₇	R₁₆	R₁₅	R₁₄	R₁₃	R₁₂	R₁₁	R₁₀	R₉
		R₁	R₂	R₃	R₄	R₅	R₆	R₇	R₈

Notes:

R₂₈ (Maine class 2): Republican Bert M. Fernald had died August 23, 1926. Republican Arthur J. Gould was elected to finish the term on September 13, 1926, but he wasn't seated until November 30, 1926.

Beginning of the next Congress

R₃₉ √	R₄₀ √	R₄₁ √	R₄₂ √	R₄₃ O	R₄₄ O	R₄₅ O	R₄₆ O	R₄₇ O*
		D₁	D₂	D₃	D₄	D₅	D₆	D₇	D₈
D₁₈	D₁₇	D₁₆	D₁₅	D₁₄	D₁₃	D₁₂	D₁₁	D₁₀	D₉
D₁₉	D₂₀	D₂₁	D₂₂	D₂₃	D₂₄	D₂₅	D₂₆	D₂₇	D₂₈
D₃₈ √	D₃₇ √	D₃₆ √	D₃₅ √	D₃₄ √	D₃₃	D₃₂	D₃₁	D₃₀	D₂₉
D₃₉ √	D₄₀ O	D₄₁ +	D₄₂ +	D₄₃ +	D₄₄ +	D₄₅ +	D₄₆ +	D₄₇ +	FL₁
Majority →									R₄₈ O*
R₃₈ √	R₃₇ √	R₃₆ √	R₃₅ √	R₃₄ √	R₃₃ √	R₃₂ √	R₃₁ √	R₃₀ √	R₂₉ √
R₁₉	R₂₀	R₂₁	R₂₂	R₂₃	R₂₄	R₂₅	R₂₆	R₂₇	R₂₈
R₁₈	R₁₇	R₁₆	R₁₅	R₁₄	R₁₃	R₁₂	R₁₁	R₁₀	R₉
		R₁	R₂	R₃	R₄	R₅	R₆	R₇	R₈

Notes:

R₄₇ O (Pennsylvania class 3): Republican incumbent George W. Pepper lost renomination to William S. Vare. Vare was then elected for the term starting March 4, 1927. The Senate refused to qualify him due to charges of corruption and fraud concerning this election. The Senate would later unseat Vare on December 9, 1929, declaring the seat vacant.^[1]
R₄₈ O (Illinois class 3): Republican incumbent William B. McKinley lost renomination to Frank L. Smith. Smith was then elected for the term starting March 4, 1927. McKinley died December 7, 1926, before the end of the Congress. Smith was appointed to finish McKinley's term, but the Senate refused his credentials. At the beginning of the next term, the Senate again refused his credentials. Smith would later resign the seat on February 9, 1928.^[2]

Key:

D_#	Democratic
FL_#	Farmer–Labor
R_#	Republican

√	Incumbent re-elected or appointee elected to finish term
O	Party hold: New senator elected from same party
+	Party gain: New senator elected from different party

Race summary

Separate election

Date	State	Incumbent	Party	Result	Candidates
September 13, 1926	Maine (Class 2)	Vacant	Vacant	Incumbent Bert M. Fernald (R) had died August 23, 1926. Winner elected to finish term ending March 4, 1931. Republican gain	√ Arthur J. Gould (Republican), 71.8% Fulton J. Redman (Democratic) 28.2%

November elections

All races are for the Class 3 term (1927 to 1933), unless otherwise indicated. Bold state indicates link to individual state's election article. Bold candidate indicates winner.

State	Incumbent			Result	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Result	Candidates
Alabama	Oscar Underwood	Democratic	1914 1920	Incumbent retired Democratic hold	√ Hugo L. Black (Democratic) 80.9% E. H. Dryer (Republican) 19.1%
Arizona	Ralph H. Cameron	Republican	1920	Incumbent lost re-election Democratic gain	√ Carl Hayden (Democratic) 58.3% Ralph H. Cameron (Republican) 41.7%
Arkansas	Thaddeus H. Caraway	Democratic	1920	Incumbent re-elected	√ Thaddeus H. Caraway (Democratic) 82.8% R. A. Jones (Republican) 17.2%
California	Samuel M. Shortridge	Republican	1920	Incumbent re-elected	√ Samuel M. Shortridge (Republican) 63.1% John B. Elliott (Democratic) 36.9%
Colorado	Rice W. Means	Republican	1924 (Special)	Incumbent lost renomination Republican hold	√ Charles W. Waterman (Republican) 50.3% William E. Sweet (Democratic) 46.4%
Connecticut	Hiram Bingham III	Republican	1924 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected	√ Hiram Bingham III (Republican) 63.3% Rollin U. Tyler (Democratic) 35.6%
Florida	Duncan U. Fletcher	Democratic	1908 1914 1920	Incumbent re-elected	√ Duncan U. Fletcher (Democratic) 77.9% John M. Lindsay (Independent) 12.8%
Georgia	Walter F. George	Democratic	1922 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected	√ Walter F. George (Democratic) Unopposed
Idaho	Frank R. Gooding	Republican	1920	Incumbent re-elected	√ Frank R. Gooding (Republican) 45.4% H. F. Samuels (Progressive) 29.6% John F. Nugent (Democratic) 25.0%
Illinois	William B. McKinley	Republican	1920	Incumbent lost renomination, then died. Winner appointed to finish term, but was not seated for either appointment or for next term.^[3] Republican hold, although the Senate did not consider the winner to be a Senator.	√ Frank L. Smith (Republican) 46.9% George E. Brennan (Democratic) 43.1% Hugh S. Magill (Independent) 8.7%
Indiana Special: Class 1	Arthur Raymond Robinson	Republican	1925 (Appointed)	Incumbent appointee elected to finish term ending March 4, 1929. Incumbent appointee elected	√ Arthur Raymond Robinson (Republican) 50.6% Evans Woollen (Democratic) 48.4% Albert Stanley (Prohibitionist) 0.5% William O. Fogleson (Socialist) 0.5%
Indiana	James E. Watson	Republican	1916 1920	Incumbent re-elected	√ James E. Watson (Republican) 50.0% Albert Stump (Democratic) 48.9% William H. Harris (Prohibitionist) 0.5% Forrest Wallace (Socialist) 0.5%
Iowa Class 3: Special	Albert B. Cummins (Died July 30th 1926) David W. Stewart	Republican	1926 (Appointed)	Cummins had already lost renomination before his death. Incumbent appointee elected to finish term ending March 4, 1927, but did not seek election to the next term. Republican hold	√ David W. Stewart (Republican) Unopposed
Iowa Class 3: General	Albert B. Cummins (Died July 30th 1926) David W. Stewart	√ Smith W. Brookhart (Republican) 56.6% Claude R. Porter (Democratic) 43.4%	1926 (Appointed)
Kansas	Charles Curtis	Republican	1914 1920	Incumbent re-elected	√ Charles Curtis (Republican), 63.6% Charles Stephens (Democratic) 34.7% M.L. Phillips (Socialist) 1.7%
Kentucky	Richard P. Ernst	Republican	1920	Incumbent lost re-election Democratic gain	√ Alben W. Barkley (Democratic) 51.8% Richard P. Ernst (Republican) 48.2%
Louisiana	Edwin S. Broussard	Democratic	1920	Incumbent re-elected	√ Edwin S. Broussard (Democratic) Unopposed
Maryland	Ovington E. Weller	Republican	1920	Incumbent lost re-election Democratic gain	√ Millard E. Tydings (Democratic) 57.5% Ovington E. Weller (Republican) 41.4% William A. Toole (Socialist) 1.1%
Massachusetts Special: Class 1	William M. Butler	Republican	1924 (Appointed)	Incumbent appointee lost election to finish term ending March 4, 1929. Democratic gain	√ David I. Walsh (Democratic) 52.0% William M. Butler (Republican) 46.5%
Missouri Class 3: Special	George H. Williams	Republican	1925 (Appointed)	Incumbent appointee lost election to finish term ending March 4, 1927 and lost election to the next term. Democratic gain	√ Harry B. Hawes (Democratic) 52.1% George H. Williams (Republican) 47.9%
Missouri Class 3: General	George H. Williams	√ Harry B. Hawes (Democratic) 51.3% George H. Williams (Republican) 47.7%	1925 (Appointed)
Nevada	Tasker L. Oddie	Republican	1920	Incumbent re-elected	√ Tasker L. Oddie (Republican), 55.8% Raymond T. Baker (Democratic) 42.5%
New Hampshire	George H. Moses	Republican	1918 (Special) 1920	Incumbent re-elected	√ George H. Moses (Republican), 62.3% Robert C. Murchie (Democratic) 37.7%
New York	James W. Wadsworth, Jr.	Republican	1914 1920	Incumbent lost re-election Democratic gain	√ Robert F. Wagner (Democratic) 46.5% James W. Wadsworth, Jr. (Republican) 42.4% Franklin W. Cristman (Independent Republican) 8.2%
North Carolina	Lee S. Overman	Democratic	1903 1909 1914 1920	Incumbent re-elected	√ Lee S. Overman (Democratic), 60.5% Johnson J. Hayes (Republican) 39.5%
North Dakota	Gerald P. Nye	Republican	1925 (Appointed) 1926 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected	√ Gerald P. Nye (Republican), 69.6% Norris H. Nelson (Independent) 12.2% F. F. Burchard (Democratic) 8.7% C. P. Stone (Independent) 6.3%
Ohio	Frank B. Willis	Republican	1920	Incumbent re-elected	√ Frank B. Willis (Republican), 53.2% Atlee Pomerene (Democratic) 46.6%
Oklahoma	John W. Harreld	Republican	1920	Incumbent lost re-election Democratic gain	√ Elmer Thomas (Democratic) 54.8% John W. Harreld (Republican) 44.7%
Oregon	Robert N. Stanfield	Republican	1920	Incumbent lost renomination, then ran as an Independent but lost re-election. Republican hold	√ Frederick Steiwer (Republican) 39.8% Bert E. Haney (Democratic) 36.3% Robert N. Stanfield (Independent) 22.5%
Pennsylvania	George W. Pepper	Republican	1922 (Appointed) 1922 (Special)	Incumbent lost renomination Senate refused to qualify winner due to charges of corruption and fraud concerning the election. Republican hold, but the Senate would later unseat the winner and declare the seat vacant.	√ William S. Vare (Republican) 54.6% William B. Wilson (Democratic) 43.1%
South Carolina	Ellison D. Smith	Democratic	1908 1914 1920	Incumbent re-elected	√ Ellison D. Smith (Democratic) Unopposed
South Dakota	Peter Norbeck	Republican	1920	Incumbent re-elected	√ Peter Norbeck (Republican), 59.5% C. J. Gunderson (Democratic) 33.3% Howard Platt (Independent) 7.2%
Utah	Reed Smoot	Republican	1903 1909 1914 1920	Incumbent re-elected	√ Reed Smoot (Republican), 61.5% Ashby Snow (Democratic) 37.6%
Vermont	Porter H. Dale	Republican	1923 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected	√ Porter H. Dale (Republican), 73.4% James E. Kennedy (Democratic) 26.5%
Washington	Wesley L. Jones	Republican	1908 1914 1920	Incumbent re-elected	√ Wesley L. Jones (Republican), 51.3% A. Scott Bullitt (Democratic) 46.5%
Wisconsin	Irvine L. Lenroot	Republican	1920	Incumbent lost renomination Republican hold	√ John J. Blaine (Republican) 55.0% Charles D. Rosa (Independent) 20.3% Thomas M. Kearney (Democratic) 12.2% Leo Krzycki (Socialist) 5.7%
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Result	Candidates
State	Incumbent			Result	Candidates

References

↑ http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=V000071
↑ http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=S000534
↑ Frank L. Smith defeated William B. McKinley for the 1926 Republican nomination in Illinois and won the subsequent general election. McKinley died shortly before the end of his term, so Smith was appointed to replace him. When Smith presented his credentials to serve the remainder of McKinely's term, the Senate refused to seat him based on what it saw as an election rife with fraud and corruption. When Smith returned with his credentials for the term he was elected to, the Senate again refused to seat him for the same reasons. Smith and the Governor considered him to be the rightful senator, but he resigned February 9, 1928.

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