United States Senate elections, 1898 and 1899

Dates vary by state

30 of the 90 seats in the U.S. Senate (as well as special elections) 46 seats needed for a majority

	Majority party	Minority party

Party	Republican	Democratic
Seats before	44	34
Seats won	17	6
Seats after	50	25
Seat change	6	9
Seats up	11	15

	Third party	Fourth party	Fifth party

Party	Populist	Silver Republican	Silver
Seats before	5	5	2
Seats won	0	1	0
Seats after	4	3	2
Seat change	1	2
Seats up	1	3	0

Majority Party before election

Republican

Elected Majority Party

Republican

The United States Senate elections of 1898 and 1899 were landslide elections which had the Republican Party gain six seats in the United States Senate.

As these elections were prior to ratification of the seventeenth amendment, Senators were chosen by State legislatures.

Results summary

Senate Party Division, 56th Congress (1899–1901)

Majority Party: Republican (52)
Minority Party: Democratic (25)
Other Parties: Populist (4); Silver Republican (2); Silver (2)
Vacant: 5
Total Seats: 90

Change in Senate composition

Before the elections

After the October 7, 1898 special election in Oregon.

P₅ Ran	D₃₄ Retired	D₃₃ Retired	D₃₂ Retired	D₃₁ Retired	D₃₀ Ran	D₂₉ Ran	D₂₈ Ran	D₂₇ Ran	D₂₆ Ran
					D₁	D₂	D₃	D₄	D₅
D₁₅	D₁₄	D₁₃	D₁₂	D₁₁	D₁₀	D₉	D₈	D₇	D₆
D₁₆	D₁₇	D₁₈	D₁₉	D₂₀ Ran	D₂₁ Ran	D₂₂ Ran	D₂₃ Ran	D₂₄ Ran	D₂₅ Ran
P₄	P₃	P₂	P₁	S₂	S₁	SR₁	SR₂	SR₃ Ran	SR₄ Ran
Plurality ↓									SR₅ Ran
R₃₆ Ran	R₃₇ Ran	R₃₈ Ran	R₃₉ Ran	R₄₀ Ran	R₄₁ Ran	R₄₂ Ran	R₄₃ Ran	R₄₄ Ran
R₃₅ Ran	R₃₄ Ran	R₃₃	R₃₂	R₃₁	R₃₀	R₂₉	R₂₈	R₂₇	R₂₆
R₁₆	R₁₇	R₁₈	R₁₉	R₂₀	R₂₁	R₂₂	R₂₃	R₂₄	R₂₅
R₁₅	R₁₄	R₁₃	R₁₂	R₁₁	R₁₀	R₉	R₈	R₇	R₆
					R₁	R₂	R₃	R₄	R₅

Result of the general elections

R₄₉ Gain from D	R₄₈ Gain from D	R₄₇ Gain from D	R₄₆ Gain from D	R₄₅ Gain from D	R₄₄ Gain from D	R₄₃ Hold	V₁ D Loss	V₂ D Loss	V₃ D Loss
					D₁	D₂	D₃	D₄	D₅
D₁₅	D₁₄	D₁₃	D₁₂	D₁₁	D₁₀	D₉	D₈	D₇	D₆
D₁₆	D₁₇	D₁₈	D₁₉	D₂₀ Re-elected	D₂₁ Re-elected	D₂₂ Re-elected	D₂₃ Re-elected	D₂₄ Hold	D₂₅ Gain from SR
R₅₀ Gain from D	SR₃ Re-elected	SR₂	SR₁	S₁	S₂	P₁	P₂	P₃	P₄
Majority →
Majority →						R₄₂ Re-elected	V₆ R Loss	V₅ SR Loss	V₄ P Loss
R₃₆ Re-elected	R₃₇ Re-elected	R₃₈ Re-elected	R₃₉ Re-elected	R₄₀ Re-elected	R₄₁ Re-elected
R₃₅ Re-elected	R₃₄ Re-elected	R₃₃	R₃₂	R₃₁	R₃₀	R₂₉	R₂₈	R₂₇	R₂₆
R₁₆	R₁₇	R₁₈	R₁₉	R₂₀	R₂₁	R₂₂	R₂₃	R₂₄	R₂₅
R₁₅	R₁₄	R₁₃	R₁₂	R₁₁	R₁₀	R₉	R₈	R₇	R₆
					R₁	R₂	R₃	R₄	R₅

Beginning of the next Congress

					D₁	D₂	D₃	D₄	D₅
D₁₅	D₁₄	D₁₃	D₁₂	D₁₁	D₁₀	D₉	D₈	D₇	D₆
D₁₆	D₁₇	D₁₈	D₁₉	D₂₀	D₂₁	D₂₂	D₂₃	D₂₄	D₂₅
SR₃	SR₂	SR₁	S₁	S₂	P₁	P₂	P₃	P₄	D₂₆ Appointed
R₅₀	R₄₉	R₄₈	R₄₇	R₄₆	R₄₅	R₄₄	V₁	V₂	V₃
Majority →						R₄₃
Majority →						V₅	V₄
R₃₆	R₃₇	R₃₈	R₃₉	R₄₀	R₄₁	R₄₂
R₃₅	R₃₄	R₃₃	R₃₂	R₃₁	R₃₀	R₂₉	R₂₈	R₂₇	R₂₆
R₁₆	R₁₇	R₁₈	R₁₉	R₂₀	R₂₁	R₂₂	R₂₃	R₂₄	R₂₅
R₁₅	R₁₄	R₁₃	R₁₂	R₁₁	R₁₀	R₉	R₈	R₇	R₆
					R₁	R₂	R₃	R₄	R₅

Key:

D_#	Democratic
P_#	Populist
R_#	Republican
S_#	Silver
SR_#	Silver Republican
V_#	Vacant

Race summaries

Elections during the 55th Congress

In these elections, the winners were seated during 1898 or in 1899 before March 4; ordered by election date.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Ohio (Class 1)	Mark Hanna	Republican	1897 (Appointed)	Interim appointee elected January 12, 1898. Winner also elected to the next term, see below.	√ Mark Hanna (Republican) 73 votes Robert McKisson (Republican) 70 votes John J. Lentz (Democratic) 1 vote
Oregon (Class 3)	Vacant			Legislature had failed to elect. New senator elected October 7, 1898. Republican gain.	√ Joseph Simon (Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]

Races leading to the 56th Congress

In these general elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1899; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 1 seats.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
California	Stephen M. White	Democratic	1893	Incumbent retired. Legislature failed to elect.^[1] Democratic loss. Seat remained vacant until February 7, 1900.	Ulysses S. Grant Jr. (Republican) Daniel M. Burns W.H.L. Barnes Robert N. Bulla^[1]
Connecticut	Joseph Hawley	Republican	1881 1887 1893	Incumbent re-elected January 17, 1899.^[2]	√ Joseph Roswell Hawley (Republican) Daniel N. Morgan (Democratic)
Delaware	George Gray	Democratic	1885 (Special) 1887 1893	Incumbent lost re-election. Legislature failed to elect.^[3] Democratic loss. Seat remained vacant until 1903.	George Gray (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Florida	Samuel Pasco	Democratic	1887 1893 (Failure to elect) 1893 (Appointed) 1893 (Special)	Legislature failed to elect.^[4] Democratic loss. Incumbent appointed to begin the term.^[4] Incumbent lost election to finish the term, see below.	[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Indiana	David Turpie	Democratic	1863 (Special) 1863 (Retired) 1887 1893	Incumbent lost re-election. Winner elected January 17, 1899. Republican gain.	√ Albert J. Beveridge (Republican) David Turpie (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Maine	Eugene Hale	Republican	1881 1887 1893	Incumbent re-elected in 1899.	√ Eugene Hale (Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Maryland	Arthur P. Gorman	Democratic	1880 1886 1892	Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected January 25, 1898.^[5] Republican gain.	√ Louis E. McComas (Republican) 63 votes Arthur P. Gorman (Democratic) 47 votes Shaw (Republican) 4 votes.^[5]
Massachusetts	Henry Cabot Lodge	Republican	1893	Incumbent re-elected in 1899.	√ Henry Cabot Lodge (Republican) Bruce (Democratic) P. Porter Winfield (Social Democratic)^[6]
Michigan	Julius C. Burrows	Republican	1895 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected in 1899.	√ Julius C. Burrows (Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Minnesota	Cushman Davis	Republican	1886 1892	Incumbent re-elected January 18, 1899.^[7]	√ Cushman Davis (Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Mississippi	Hernando Money	Democratic	1897 (Appointed)	Interim appointee elected in 1899.	√ Hernando Money (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Missouri	Francis Cockrell	Democratic	1874 1881 1887 1893	Incumbent re-elected January 19, 1899.^[8]	√ Francis Cockrell (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Montana	Lee Mantle	Silver Republican	1895 (Special)	Incumbent lost renomination. New senator elected in 1899. Democratic gain.	√ William A. Clark (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Nebraska	William V. Allen	Populist	1893	Incumbent lost re-election. Legislature failed to elect.^[9] Populist loss. The seat was filled in March 1899, see below.	William V. Allen (Populist)
Nevada	William Stewart	Silver Republican	1887 1893	Incumbent re-elected January 24, 1899.^[10]	√ William Morris Stewart (Silver Republican) A.C. Cleveland W.W. Williams Mason Woodburn
New Jersey	James Smith Jr.	Democratic	1893	Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected January 24, 1899.^[11] Republican gain.	√ John Kean (Republican) James Smith Jr. (Democratic)
New York	Edward Murphy Jr.	Democratic	1893	Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected January 17, 1899. Republican gain.	√ Chauncey M. Depew (Republican) Edward Murphy Jr. (Democratic)
North Dakota	William N. Roach	Democratic	1893	Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected January 20, 1899.^[12] Republican gain.	√ Porter J. McCumber (Republican) William N. Roach (Democratic) ß[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Ohio	Mark Hanna	Republican	1897 (Appointed)	Interim appointee elected January 12, 1898. Winner also elected to finish the term, see above.	√ Mark Hanna (Republican) 73 votes Robert McKisson (Republican) 70 votes John J. Lentz (Democratic) 1 vote
Pennsylvania	Matthew S. Quay	Republican	1887 1893	Legislature failed to elect. Republican loss. Incumbent appointed to start the term, but Senate rejected credentials. Seat would remain vacant until 1901.	Matthew S. Quay (Republican)
Rhode Island	Nelson W. Aldrich	Republican	1881 (Special) 1886 1892	Incumbent re-elected in 1898.	√ Nelson W. Aldrich (Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Tennessee	William B. Bate	Democratic	1887 1893	Incumbent re-elected in 1899.	√ William B. Bate (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Texas	Roger Q. Mills	Democratic	1892 1893	Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 24, 1899.^[13] Democratic hold.	√ Charles Culberson (Democratic) Unopposed
Utah	Frank J. Cannon	Silver Republican	1896	Legislature failed to elect.^[14] Silver Republican loss. Seat would remain vacant until 1901.	Frank J. Cannon (Republican) Alfred W. McCune (Democratic)
Vermont	Redfield Proctor	Republican	1891 (Appointed) 1892 (Special) 1892	Incumbent re-elected October 19, 1898.^[15]	√ Redfield Proctor (Republican) Thomas W. Moloney (Democrats)
Virginia	John W. Daniel	Democratic	1887 1893	Incumbent re-elected in 1899.	√ John W. Daniel (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Washington	John L. Wilson	Republican	1895 (Special)	Incumbent lost renomination. New senator elected February 1, 1899.^[16] Republican hold.	√ Addison G. Foster (Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
West Virginia	Charles J. Faulkner	Democratic	1887 1893	Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 25, 1899.^[17] Republican gain.	√ Nathan B. Scott (Republican) 48 J.F. McGraw (Democratic) 46 Nathan Goff Jr. (Republican) 1^[17]
Wisconsin	John L. Mitchell	Democratic	1893	Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 31, 1899.^[18] Republican gain.	√ Joseph V. Quarles (Republican) Timoth E. Ryan (Democratic)
Wyoming	Clarence D. Clark	Republican	1895 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected January 24, 1899.^[19]	√ Clarence D. Clark (Republican) John Eugene Osborne (Democratic)

Elections during the 56th Congress

In these elections, the winners were elected in 1899 after March 4, and seated in the 56th Congress.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Nebraska (Class 1)	Vacant			Legislature had failed to elect, see above. New senator elected late March 8, 1899.^[20] Republican gain.	√ Monroe Hayward (Republican) 74 votes William V. Allen (Populist) 58 votes^[20]
Florida (Class 1)	Samuel Pasco	Democratic	1887 1893 (Failure to elect) 1893 (Appointed) 1893 (Special) 1899 (Failure to elect) 1899 (Appointed)	Interim appointee lost election to finish the term. New senator elected April 19, 1899.^[21] Democratic hold.	√ James Taliaferro (Democratic) Samuel Pasco (Democratic)

In this election, the winner was seated in the 57th Congress, starting March 4, 1901.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Virginia (Class 2)	Thomas S. Martin	Democratic	1893 (Early)	Incumbent re-elected early December 19, 1899 for the term beginning March 4, 1901.^[22]	√ Thomas S. Martin (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]

Complete list of races

New York

The election in New York was held January 17, 1899.

Democrat Edward Murphy Jr. had been elected to this seat in 1893, and his term would expire on March 3, 1899. At the State election in November 1898, 27 Republicans and 23 Democrats were elected for a two-year term (1899-1900) in the State Senate; and 88 Republicans and 62 Democrats were elected for the session of 1899 to the Assembly. The 122nd New York State Legislature met from January 4 to April 28, 1899, at Albany, New York.

The Republican caucus met on January 12. State Senator Hobart Krum presided. They nominated Chauncey M. Depew unanimously. Depew had been Secretary of State of New York from 1864 to 1865, and was the frontrunning candidate to succeed Thomas C. Platt at the U.S. Senate special election in 1881 when he withdrew after the 41st ballot. Parallel to his political career, he moved up the ladder in the Vanderbilt Railroad System, being President of the New York Central and Hudson River Railroad from 1885 to 1898, and holding positions in dozens of other railroad companies.

The Democratic caucus met also on January 12. State Senator George W. Plunkitt presided. They re-nominated the incumbent U.S. Senator Edward Murphy, Jr. unanimously.

Chauncey M. Depew was the choice of both the Assembly and the State Senate, and was declared elected.

**1899 United States Senator election result**
House	Republican		Democratic
State Senate (50 members)	Chauncey M. Depew	27	Edward Murphy, Jr.	23
State Assembly (150 members)	Chauncey M. Depew	84	Edward Murphy, Jr.	60

Note: The votes were cast on January 17, but both Houses met in a joint session on January 18 to compare nominations, and declare the result.

Utah

In mid-August 1898, Alfred W. McCune decided to seek office as a Democrat for the United States Senate.^[23] State legislators had already indicated they would not support the incumbent, Frank J. Cannon for reelection. Cannon, a Republican, had voted against the Dingley Act, which would have raised tariffs on sugar and helped the Utah sugar industry.^[24] The Dingley bill was strongly supported by the LDS Church hierarchy, who now opposed his reelection.^[24] Other factors were his support for Free Silver; rumors about immoral acts he may have committed while living in Washington, D.C.; and that the Utah legislature was controlled by Democrats.^[24] The McCunes were close friends with Heber J. Grant, seventh LDS Church president and an ordained LDS apostle.^[25] Although the LDS church had (just weeks before) made a decision to stay out of state politics, McCune asked Grant for the church's assistance in winning office.^[23] Grant consulted with Joseph F. Smith (Apostle and sixth LDS president) and John Henry Smith (a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles and the First Presidency of the LDS Church), both of whom supported McCune's senatorial bid.^[23] But McCune was not alone in seeking the office. Former Representative William H. King was also running (and backed by two Apostles), as was James Moyle (a prominent attorney and founder of the Utah Democratic Party who was backed by state legislators) and George Q. Cannon (an Apostle and member of the First Presidency).^[23]

At the time, members of the Senate were still elected by their respective state legislatures.^[23] The Utah state legislature convened in January 1899.^[26] There were 13 Republicans and 50 Democrats in the state legislature.^[27] From the beginning, McCune was considered the leading candidate.^[26] But the legislature quickly deadlocked over the election. One-hundred and twenty-one ballots were cast, and no winner emerged.^[26] McCune was one or two votes shy of winning on several ballots.^[26] on February 18, before the 122nd ballot, state representative Albert A. Law (a Republican from Cache County and a Cannon supporter) claimed McCune offered him $1,500 for his vote.^[28] McCune strenuously denied the charge, and a seven-member legislative established to investigate the allegation.^[26]^[28] The committee voted 7-to-2 to absolve McCune of the charge, and this outcome was announced to the legislature on March 6.^[26]^[28] Balloting resumed, and on March 8, on the 149th ballot, McCune still lacked enough votes to win office (he had only 25 votes).^[26]^[28] The legislature adjourned without having chosen a senator,^[29] and McCune traveled in Europe for several weeks to regain his health (returning in June 1899).^[30]

Utah's U.S. Senate seat remained vacant until January 1901.

Notes

1 2 "WHITE'S SUCCESSOR NOT NAMED". The New York Times. January 17, 1899. p. 2.
↑ "Hawley Elected in Connecticut". The New York Times. January 18, 1899. p. 2.
↑ "DEADLOCK IN DELAWARE". The New York Times. January 17, 1899. p. 1, 2.
1 2 "Senator Pasco's Credentials". The New York Times. March 4, 1899. p. 2.
1 2 Public Opinion. p. 137.
↑ "Henry Cabot Lodge Re-elected". The New York Times. January 18, 1899. p. 2.
↑ "SENATORS FORMALLY ELECTED". The Chicago Daily Tribune. January 19, 1899. p. 2.
↑ "Cockrell Re-elected in Missouri". The New York Times. January 18, 1899. p. 2.
↑ "No Election in Nebraska". The New York Times. p. 2.
↑ "Stewart Re-elected in Nevada". The New York Times. January 25, 1899. p. 2.
↑ "KEAN UNITED STATES SENATOR". The New York Times. January 25, 1899. p. 2.
↑ "An Election in North Dakota". The New York Times. January 21, 1899. p. 1.
↑ "Culberson Elected in Texas". The New York Times. January 25, 1899. p. 2.
↑ "Utah Fails to Elect Senator". Boston Evening Transcript. March 10, 1899. Retrieved April 30, 2010.
↑ "Senator Proctor Re-elected". The New York Times. October 19, 1898. p. 4.
↑ "AN ELECTION IN WASHINGTON". The New York Times. February 2, 1899. p. 2.
1 2 "WEST VIRGINIA'S NEW SENATOR". The New York Times. January 26, 1899. p. 2.
↑ "Quarles Elected in Wisconsin". The New York Times. February 1, 1899. p. 8.
↑ "Clark Re-elected in Wyoming". The New York Times. January 25, 1899. p. 2.
1 2 "Hayward Elected in Nebraska". The New York Times. March 9, 1899. p. 2.
↑ Byrd, p. 93.
↑ "Senator Martin Is Re-elected". The New York Times. December 20, 1899. p. 9.
1 2 3 4 5 Alexander, p. 10.
1 2 3 Powell, p. 70.
↑ Wadley.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Whitney (1916), p. 527.
↑ Smoot, p. 860.
1 2 3 4 Smoot, p. 863.
↑ "Utah With One Senator". The New York Times. March 11, 1899.
↑ Whitney1904, p. 508.

References

Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov
Proceedings before the Committee on Privileges and Elections of the United States Senate in the Matter of the Protests Against the Right on Hon. Reed Smoot, a Senator from the State of Utah, to Hold his Seat. 1. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1906.
Alexander, Thomas G. (1996). Mormonism in Transition. Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois Press.
Byrd, Robert C. (October 1, 1993). Wolff, Wendy, ed. "The Senate, 1789-1989: Historical Statistics, 1789-1992". United States Senate Historical Office (volume 4 Bicentennial ed.). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
Maisel, Louis S. (2001). Jews in American Politics. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield.
Powell, Allan Kent (1995). Utah History Encyclopedia. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press.
Wadley, Carma (April 19, 2001). "A Unique 100-Year-Old Heirloom". Deseret News.
Whitney, Orson F. (October 1904). History of Utah. IV Biographical. George Q. Cannon & Sons., Co.
Whitney, Orson F. (1916). Popular History of Utah. The Deseret News.
"MR. DEPEW FOR SENATOR". The New York Times. January 13, 1899.
"Senator Murphy Renominated". The New York Times. January 13, 1899.
"ELECTION OF MR. DEPEW". The New York Times. January 18, 1899.

United States Senate elections

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