United States Senate elections, 1836 and 1837

Dates vary by state

17 of the 52 seats in the United States Senate (plus special elections) 27 seats needed for a majority

	Majority party	Minority party

Party	Democratic	Whig
Last election	22 seats (as Jacksonian)	24 seats (as Anti-Jacksonian)
Seats before	31 (as Jacksonian)	19 (as Anti-Jacksonian)
Seats won	12	5
Seats after	34	17
Seat change	3	2
Seats up	9	7

	Third party

Party	Nullifier
Last election	2 seats
Seats before	2
Seats won	0
Seats after	1
Seat change	1
Seats up	1

Majority party before election

Jacksonian

Elected Majority party

Democratic

The United States Senate elections of 1836 and 1837 were elections that had the Jacksonian coalition emerge as the Democratic Party, and the Adams, or Anti-Jackson, coalition emerge as the Whig Party

As this election was prior to ratification of the seventeenth amendment, Senators were chosen by State legislatures.

Results summary

Senate Party Division, 25th Congress (1837–1839)

Majority Party: Democratic (35)
Minority Party: Whig (17–16)
Other Parties: (0–1)
Total Seats: 52

Change in Senate composition

Before the special elections

				AJ₁	AJ₂	AJ₃	AJ₄	AJ₅	AJ₆
AJ₁₆	AJ₁₅	AJ₁₄	AJ₁₃	AJ₁₂	AJ₁₁	AJ₁₀	AJ₉	AJ₈	AJ₇
AJ₁₇ Died	AJ₁₈ Resigned	AJ₁₉ Resigned	AJ₂₀ Resigned	AJ₂₁ Resigned	AJ₂₂ Resigned	AJ₂₃ Resigned	New	New	N₂
									N₁
J₁₇	J₁₈	J₁₉	J₂₀	J₂₁	J₂₂ Resigned	V₁	New	New
J₁₆	J₁₅	J₁₄	J₁₃	J₁₂	J₁₁	J₁₀	J₉	J₈	J₇
				J₁	J₂	J₃	J₄	J₅	J₆

As a result of the special elections

				AJ₁	AJ₂	AJ₃	AJ₄	AJ₅	AJ₆
AJ₁₆	AJ₁₅	AJ₁₄	AJ₁₃	AJ₁₂	AJ₁₁	AJ₁₀	AJ₉	AJ₈	AJ₇
AJ₁₇ Hold	AJ₁₈ Hold	AJ₁₉ Hold	N₂	N₁	J₃₁ Gain	J₃₀ Gain	J₂₉ Gain	J₂₈ Gain	J₂₇ Gain
Majority →
J₁₇	J₁₈	J₁₉	J₂₀	J₂₁	J₂₂ Hold	J₂₃ Gain	J₂₄ Gain	J₂₅ Gain	J₂₆ Gain
J₁₆	J₁₅	J₁₄	J₁₃	J₁₂	J₁₁	J₁₀	J₉	J₈	J₇
				J₁	J₂	J₃	J₄	J₅	J₆

Before the general elections

				AJ₁	AJ₂	AJ₃	AJ₄	AJ₅	AJ₆
AJ₁₆ Ran	AJ₁₅ Ran	AJ₁₄ Ran	AJ₁₃ Ran	AJ₁₂	AJ₁₁	AJ₁₀	AJ₉	AJ₈	AJ₇
AJ₁₇ Ran	AJ₁₈ Ran	AJ₁₉ Unknown	N₂ Ran	N₁	J₃₁ Ran	J₃₀ Ran	J₂₉ Ran	J₂₈ Ran	J₂₇ Ran
Majority →
J₁₇	J₁₈	J₁₉	J₂₀	J₂₁	J₂₂	J₂₃ Ran	J₂₄ Ran	J₂₅ Ran	J₂₆ Ran
J₁₆	J₁₅	J₁₄	J₁₃	J₁₂	J₁₁	J₁₀	J₉	J₈	J₇
				J₁	J₂	J₃	J₄	J₅	J₆

As a result of the general elections

"Hold" means the incumbent lost and the winner was from an affiliated new party, either Anti-Jacksonian to Whig or Jacksonian to Democratic.

				AJ₁	AJ₂	AJ₃	AJ₄	AJ₅	AJ₆
W₁₆ Re-elected New party	W₁₅ Re-elected New party	W₁₄ Re-elected New party	W₁₃ Re-elected New party	AJ₁₂	AJ₁₁	AJ₁₀	AJ₉	AJ₈	AJ₇
W₁₇ Hold* New party	N₁	D₃₄ Gain	D₃₃ Gain	D₃₂ Gain	D₃₁ Hold* New party	D₃₀ Hold* New party	D₂₉ Re-elected New party	D₂₈ Re-elected New party	D₂₇ Re-elected New party
Majority →
J₁₇	J₁₈	J₁₉	J₂₀	J₂₁	J₂₂	D₂₃ Re-elected New party	D₂₄ Re-elected New party	D₂₅ Re-elected New party	D₂₆ Re-elected New party
J₁₆	J₁₅	J₁₄	J₁₃	J₁₂	J₁₁	J₁₀	J₉	J₈	J₇
				J₁	J₂	J₃	J₄	J₅	J₆

Beginning of the next Congress

D₁₆ New party	D₁₅ New party	D₁₄ New party	D₁₃ New party	D₁₂ New party	D₁₁ New party	D₁₀ New party	D₉ New party	D₈ New party	D₇ New party
				W₁ New party	W₂ New party	W₃ New party	W₄ New party	W₅ New party	W₆ New party
W₁₆	W₁₅	W₁₄	W₁₃	W₁₂ New party	W₁₁ New party	W₁₀ New party	W₉ New party	W₈ New party	W₇ New party
W₁₇	D₃₅ New party	D₃₄	D₃₃	D₃₂	D₃₁	D₃₀	D₂₉	D₂₈	D₂₇
Majority →
D₁₇ New party	D₁₈ New party	D₁₉ New party	D₂₀ New party	D₂₁ New party	D₂₂ New party	D₂₃	D₂₄	D₂₅	D₂₆
				D₁ New party	D₂ New party	D₃ New party	D₄ New party	D₅ New party	D₆ New party

Key:

AJ_#	Anti-Jacksonian
D_#	Democratic
J_#	Jacksonian
N_#	Nullfier
W_#	Whig
V_#	Vacant

Race summaries

Bold states link to specific election articles.

Special elections during the 24th Congress

In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1836 or before March 4, 1837; ordered by election date.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Louisiana (Class 2)	Vacant			Charles Gayarré had been elected but resigned due to ill health without having taken his seat. Successor was elected January 13, 1836. Jacksonian gain. Winner would serve in the next Congress as a Democrat.	√ Robert C. Nicholas (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Virginia (Class 1)	John Tyler	Anti-Jacksonian	1827 1833	Incumbent resigned February 29, 1836. Successor was elected March 4, 1836. Jacksonian gain. Winner would serve in the next Congress as a Democrat.	√ William C. Rives (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
New Hampshire (Class 3)	Isaac Hill	Jacksonian	1831	Incumbent resigned May 30, 1836 to become Governor of New Hampshire. Successor was elected June 8, 1836. Jacksonian hold. Winner also lost re-election to the next term, see below.	√ John Page (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Delaware (Class 1)	Arnold Naudain	Anti-Jacksonian	1830 (Special) 1832	Incumbent resigned June 16, 1836. Successor was elected June 17, 1836. Anti-Jacksonian hold. Winner would serve in the next Congress as a Whig.	√ Richard H. Bayard (Anti-Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Arkansas (Class 2)	New seats			New state. Its new Senator was elected September 18, 1836. Jacksonian gain. Winner would serve in the next Congress as a Democrat.	√ William S. Fulton (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Arkansas (Class 3)	New seats			New state. Its new Senator was elected September 18, 1836. Jacksonian gain. Winner was also re-elected to the next term, see below.	√ Ambrose H. Sevier (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
North Carolina (Class 3)	Willie P. Mangum	Anti-Jacksonian	1830	Incumbent resigned November 26, 1836. Successor was elected December 5, 1836. Jacksonian gain. Winner was also re-elected to the next term, see below.	√ Robert Strange (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Virginia (Class 2)	Benjamin W. Leigh	Anti-Jacksonian	1834 (Special) 1835	Incumbent resigned July 4, 1836. Successor was elected December 12, 1836. Jacksonian gain. Winner would resign at the end of this Congress, see below.	√ Richard E. Parker (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Maryland (Class 3)	Robert H. Goldsborough	Anti-Jacksonian	1813 1819 (Retired or lost) 1835 (Special)	Incumbent died October 5, 1836. Successor was elected December 31, 1836. Anti-Jacksonian hold. Winner was also re-elected to the next term, see below.	√ John S. Spence (Anti-Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Michigan (Class 1)	New seats			New state. Its new Senator was elected January 6, 1837. Jacksonian gain. Winner would serve in the next Congress as a Democrat.	√ Lucius Lyon (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Michigan (Class 2)	New seats			New state. Its new Senator was elected January 6, 1837. Jacksonian gain. Winner would serve in the next Congress as a Democrat.	√ John Norvell (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Delaware (Class 2)	John M. Clayton	Anti-Jacksonian	1829 1835	Incumbent resigned December 29, 1836. Successor was elected January 9, 1837. Anti-Jacksonian hold. Winner would serve in the next Congress as a Whig.	√ Thomas Clayton (Anti-Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Louisiana (Class 3)	Alexander Porter	Anti-Jacksonian	1833 (Special)	Incumbent resigned January 5, 1837 due to ill health. Successor was elected January 12, 1837. Jacksonian gain. Winner was also re-elected to the next term, see below.	√ Alexandre Mouton (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]

Races leading to the 25th Congress

In these general elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1837; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 3 seats.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Alabama	Gabriel Moore	Anti-Jacksonian	1831	Incumbent lost re-election. Winner elected in 1837. Democratic gain.	√ John McKinley (Democratic) Gabriel Moore (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Arkansas	Ambrose Sevier	Jacksonian	1836 (New seat)	Incumbent re-elected in 1837 to a new party. Democratic gain.	√ Ambrose Sevier (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Connecticut	Gideon Tomlinson	Anti-Jacksonian	1831	Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election. A different candidate elected in 1836 or 1837. Democratic gain.	√ Perry Smith (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Georgia	Alfred Cuthbert	Jacksonian	1835 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected in 1837 to a new party. Democratic gain.	√ Alfred Cuthbert (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Illinois	William Lee D. Ewing	Jacksonian	1835 (Appointed)	Incumbent lost re-election. Winner elected in 1837. Democratic gain.	√ Richard M. Young (Democratic) William Lee D. Ewing (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Indiana	William Hendricks	Anti-Jacksonian	1824 1830	Incumbent lost re-election. Winner elected in 1836 to a new party. Whig gain.	√ Oliver H. Smith (Whig) William Hendricks (Whig) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Kentucky	Henry Clay	Anti-Jacksonian	1831	Incumbent re-elected in 1836 to a new party. Whig gain.	√ Henry Clay (Whig) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Louisiana	Alexandre Mouton	Jacksonian	1837 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected in 1837 to a new party. Democratic gain.	√ Alexandre Mouton (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Maryland	John S. Spence	Anti-Jacksonian	1836 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected in 1837 to a new party. Whig gain.	√ John S. Spence (Whig) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Missouri	Lewis F. Linn	Jacksonian	1833 (Appointed) ? (Special)	Incumbent re-elected in 1836 to a new party. Democratic gain.	√ Lewis F. Linn (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
New Hampshire	John Page	Jacksonian	1836 (Special)	Incumbent lost re-election. Winner elected in 1837. Democratic gain.	√ Franklin Pierce (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
New York	Silas Wright, Jr.	Jacksonian	1826 (Elected late)	Incumbent re-elected February 7, 1837 to a new party. Democratic gain.	√ Silas Wright, Jr. (Democratic) 26+85 Ambrose L. Jordan (Whig) 3+27
North Carolina	Robert Strange	Jacksonian	1836 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected in 1836 to a new party. Democratic gain.	√ Robert Strange (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Ohio	Thomas Ewing	Anti-Jacksonian	1830	Incumbent lost re-election. Winner elected in January 1837. Democratic gain.	√ William Allen (Whig) Thomas Ewing (Whig) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Pennsylvania	James Buchanan	Jacksonian	1834 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected December 14, 1836 to a new party. Democratic gain.	√ James Buchanan (Democratic) 85 Thomas M. T. McKennan (Whig) 24 Charles B. Penrose (Whig) 21 Thomas Cunningham (Democratic) 1 Isaac Leet (Democratic) 1 Not voting 1^[1]
South Carolina	William C. Preston	Nullifier	1833 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected in 1837 to a new party. Whig gain.	√ William C. Preston (Whig) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Vermont	Samuel Prentiss	Anti-Jacksonian	1831	Incumbent re-elected in 1837 to a new party. Whig gain.	√ Samuel Prentiss (Whig) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]

Elections during the 25th Congress

In these special elections, the winners were seated in 1837 after March 4; ordered by election date.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Virginia (Class 2)	Richard E. Parker	Democratic	1836 (Special)	Incumbent resigned March 4, 1837 to become judge of the Supreme Court of Virginia. Successor was elected March 14, 1837. Democratic hold.	√ William H. Roane (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Alabama (Class 3)	John McKinley	Democratic	1833 (Special)	Incumbent resigned April 22, 1837 to become Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court. Successor was elected June 19, 1837. Democratic hold.	√ Clement C. Clay (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Georgia (Class 2)	John Pendleton King	Democratic	1833 (Special)	Incumbent resigned November 1, 1837. Successor was elected November 22, 1837. Democratic hold.	√ Wilson Lumpkin (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]

Complete list of races

Michigan

The new state of Michigan elected its new Senators on January 26, 1837, both Jacksonians: Lucius Lyon (Class 1) and John Norvell (Class 2). In the term beginning March 4, 1837, they would sit as Democrats.

New York

Main article: United States Senate election in New York, 1837

Silas Wright, Jr., had been elected in 1833 to this seat after the resignation of William L. Marcy who had been elected Governor of New York. Wright's term would expire on March 3, 1837.

At the State election in November 1836, 94 Democrats and 34 Whigs were elected to the Assembly, and seven of the eight State Senators elected were Democrats. The 60th New York State Legislature met from January 3 to May 16, 1837, at Albany. The party strength in the Assembly as shown by the election for Speaker was: 80 for Democrat Edward Livingston and 27 for Whig Luther Bradish.

Wright was re-nominated in a Democratic caucus by a large majority. Silas Wright, Jr., was the choice of both the Assembly and the Senate, and was declared elected.

House	Democratic		Whig
State Senate (32 members)	Silas Wright, Jr.	26	Ambrose L. Jordan	3
State Assembly (128 members)	Silas Wright, Jr.	85	Ambrose L. Jordan	27

Pennsylvania

Main article: United States Senate election in Pennsylvania, 1836

The Pennsylvania General Assembly convened on December 14, 1836, to elect a Senator to serve the term beginning on March 4, 1837. The results of the vote of both houses combined are as follows:

Pennsylvania General Assembly Results^[1]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	James Buchanan (Inc.)	85	63.91
	Whig	Thomas M. T. McKennan	24	18.05
	Whig	Charles B. Penrose	21	15.79
	Democratic	Thomas Cunningham	1	0.75
	Democratic	Isaac Leet	1	0.75
	N/A	Not voting	1	0.75
Totals			133	100.00%

References

Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov

1 2 "U.S. Senate Election - 14 December 1836" (PDF). Wilkes University. Retrieved December 22, 2013.

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