Wenham, Massachusetts

For other uses, see Wenham (disambiguation).
Wenham, Massachusetts
Town

The Wenham Town Hall on Route 1A

Seal

Location in Essex County in Massachusetts
Coordinates: 42°36′15.15″N 70°53′12.58″W / 42.6042083°N 70.8868278°W / 42.6042083; -70.8868278Coordinates: 42°36′15.15″N 70°53′12.58″W / 42.6042083°N 70.8868278°W / 42.6042083; -70.8868278
Country United States
State Massachusetts
County Essex
Settled 1635
Incorporated 1643
Government
 • Type Open town meeting
Area
 • Total 8.1 sq mi (21.1 km2)
 • Land 7.6 sq mi (19.8 km2)
 • Water 0.5 sq mi (1.2 km2)
Elevation 105 ft (32 m)
Population (2010)
 • Total 4,875
 • Density 600/sq mi (230/km2)
Time zone Eastern (UTC-5)
 • Summer (DST) Eastern (UTC-4)
ZIP code 01984
Area code(s) 351 / 978
FIPS code 25-74595
GNIS feature ID 0619455
Website Town of Wenham, MA, Official Web Site

Wenham is a town in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 4,875 at the 2010 census.[1]

The town of Wenham, originally settled in 1635 and incorporated in 1643, has retained much of its historic character and rural scenery. It is a town of many open views of farm lands, lakes, woodlands, historic homes and old stone walls that accompany its winding tree-lined roads. It features nearly 300 acres (120 ha) of parks, playgrounds and recreational lands.[2]

Wenham is closely tied to its neighboring town, Hamilton, sharing a school system, state-of-the-art library, recreation department, commuter rail station and newspaper. In 2010, the community of Hamilton-Wenham was listed among the "Best Places to Live" by Boston magazine.[3]

History

Wenham was first settled in 1635 and officially incorporated in 1643.[4]

English settlers first came to Wenham in the 1630s, but the area had been home to Native American Algonquian peoples for hundreds of years. The Algonquians were a peaceful, agricultural group who planted and stored corn, but whose numbers had been greatly reduced by a massive epidemic, probably smallpox, in the early 17th century. Until recent years, Indian artifacts were found frequently throughout Wenham, and a representative collection is in the possession of the Wenham Museum.

Wenham Museum and Claflin-Richards House

Wenham was originally a part of Salem. Hugh Peters, the minister in Salem, preached to a group on a hill by the Great Pond around 1638, most probably to encourage settlement. The earliest land grants in the Wenham area roughly coincide with Peters' sermon. The hill was leveled in later years to make room for the ice industry at the Great Pond.

In September 1643, the General Court of Massachusetts granted that Wenham should be a town in its own right and send a representative to the General Court. It was the first town to be set off from Salem. Because many of its early settlers came from Suffolk County in England, it is presumed that the name of the town derives from two small villages there—Great Wenham and Little Wenham. Wenham means "home on the moor". A church was formed in October 1644, with John Fiske as pastor and seven families as members.

In those early days, the church and government were one. A small part of the population—those who were church members—controlled both civil and religious life. It was not until 1833 that an amendment to the Massachusetts Constitution separated church and town.

Wenham provided volunteers in King Philip's War in the 1670s, and the French and Indian War in the early 1700s. In 1774, the town voted to select 15 men as minutemen, and from that time on Loyalists were not welcome in Wenham.

The Industrial Revolution, which changed the face of many Massachusetts towns in the 19th century, passed Wenham by. It remained a small community, with one notable exception. Wenham's ice industry brought the name of Wenham to the notice of people as far away as London, where hotels in the 1850s advertised: "We serve Wenham Lake Ice." Artificial refrigeration and a fire that destroyed the ice house in 1973 brought an end to this unique industry.

Although slaves were owned by Wenham residents in the 18th century, by the 1850s sentiment was fervently in favor of abolition. Between 1862 and 1865, the army camp, Camp Landers, occupied 14 acres (5.7 ha) in Wenham. Part of this tract is now Pingree Field. There were accommodations for two full regiments of Union soldiers with barracks, mess halls, and training fields.

In 1909, Henry Clay Frick, a steel magnate, bought the present-day Iron Rail property so that his daughter Helen could create a vacation home for the mill girls throughout New England.[5] Helen Frick transferred the Iron Rail Vacation Home to the Girls' Clubs of America in 1954, and the town of Wenham bought the property in the 1970s.

Two other Wenham landmarks, the Tea House and the Wenham Museum, have their roots in the Wenham Village Improvement Society. A group of ladies organized the society in 1893 to make Wenham more beautiful by planting more shade trees. They purchased Mr. Henry Hobb's harness shop as a home for a tea house and exchange for selling ladies' handiwork, jams and jellies. The Tea House and Exchange has continued through the years as the successful fundraising arm of the Wenham Village Improvement Society.

In 1921, the Historical Committee of the Wenham Village Improvement Society encouraged the society to buy the 17th-century Claflin-Richards house at the center of town. They did so, and eventually added "the Barn" (which would become Burnham Hall) and the museum. The Wenham Historical Association and Museum became independent from the Village Improvement Society and underwent a major renovation and expansion in 1997.[6][7]

Geography and transportation

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 8.1 square miles (21.1 km2), of which 7.6 square miles (19.8 km2) is land and 0.46 square miles (1.2 km2), or 5.91%, is water.[8] It is one of the inland communities within the Metropolitan Area Planning Council's North Shore Task Force, but it is not part of the North Shore in the strictest sense, as it is not on the shore of the Atlantic Ocean (it lies 4 miles (6 km) north of Massachusetts Bay). Wenham Lake lies within the town and in neighboring Beverly, and several other smaller ponds lie within town. A stretch of the Salem Beverly Waterway Canal passes through town as well, and the southernmost portion of the Ipswich River Wildlife Sanctuary lies in the western part of town.

Wenham is bordered on the south by Beverly, on the east by Manchester-by-the-Sea, on the north by Hamilton, on the northwest by Topsfield, and on the west by Danvers. Wenham lies 6 miles (10 km) north of Salem and 21 miles (34 km) north-northeast of Boston. The eastern end of Wenham is crossed by Massachusetts Route 128, with one exit within town. Route 1A crosses through the center of town, with Route 22 crossing through the east and Route 97 crossing the southwest corner of town. Route 35 ends at Route 97 just over the Topsfield town line. Wenham lies along the Newburyport section of the Newburyport/Rockport Line of the MBTA Commuter Rail. There are no stations within town, but the Hamilton/Wenham station lies just north of town, and the North Beverly station lies south of town in Beverly. The tip of the north runway of Beverly Municipal Airport lies just within town; the nearest national and international air service is located at Boston's Logan International Airport.

Demographics

Historical population
YearPop.±%
1850977—    
18601,105+13.1%
1870985−10.9%
1880889−9.7%
1890886−0.3%
1900847−4.4%
19101,010+19.2%
19201,090+7.9%
19301,119+2.7%
19401,220+9.0%
19501,644+34.8%
19602,798+70.2%
19703,849+37.6%
19803,897+1.2%
19904,212+8.1%
20004,440+5.4%
20104,875+9.8%
* = population estimate.
Source: United States Census records and Population Estimates Program data.[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]

As of the census[19] of 2000, there were 4,440 people, 1,285 households, and 957 families residing in the town. The population density was 575.2 people per square mile (222.1/km²). There were 1,320 housing units at an average density of 171.0 per square mile (66.0/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 97.84% White, 0.43% African American, 0.02% Native American, 1.35% Asian, 0.07% from other races, and 0.29% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.59% of the population.

There were 1,285 households out of which 37.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.5% were married couples living together, 5.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.5% were non-families. 22.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 15.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.70 and the average family size was 3.19.

In the town the population was spread out with 22.0% under the age of 18, 23.6% from 18 to 24, 19.8% from 25 to 44, 20.5% from 45 to 64, and 14.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females there were 82.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 80.3 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $90,524, and the median income for a family was $98,004. Males had a median income of $76,639 versus $43,750 for females. The per capita income for the town was $36,812. About 1.2% of families and 3.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1.9% of those under age 18 and 5.1% of those age 65 or over.

Education

Jenks Library, Gordon College

Wenham is home to Gordon College, a private four-year Christian college.

The majority of the schools in the Hamilton-Wenham Regional School District are located in Hamilton. Only Buker Elementary School is located in Wenham. However, the school district's administrative offices are located in Wenham.

According to numbers released by the state Department of Education, Hamilton-Wenham Regional High School ranked 27th in the state based on combined total SAT scores for the 2006/2007 school year.

Boston magazine's 2010 issue showcasing a list of the best public high schools ranked Hamilton-Wenham Regional High School 12th, meaning Hamilton-Wenham's public high school is currently in the Top 10 percent of the state overall.[20] Hamilton-Wenham also had one of the highest graduation rates, at 96.8 percent.

In February 2016 it was reported that a new private all-girls high school "in the Catholic tradition" is currently planned to occupy Penguin Hall, the former site of Mullen Advertising's headquarters. The new school will be called The Academy at Penguin Hall and is scheduled to open in the Fall of 2016. [21]

Points of interest

Notable people

References

  1. ↑ "Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (DP-1): Wenham town, Essex County, Massachusetts". U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder. Retrieved September 6, 2012.
  2. ↑ "About Wenham". Town of Wenham, MA. Retrieved 11 September 2012.
  3. ↑ Katherine Bowers (April 21, 2010). "Best Places To Live 2010: North Shore". Boston Magazine.
  4. ↑ Frank E. Moynahan (1899). Danvers, Massachusetts. The Danvers Mirror. p. 5.
  5. ↑ "Iron Rail Commission". Town of Wenham, MA. Retrieved 11 September 2012.
  6. ↑ Cole, Adeline P., ed., Notes on Wenham History 1643-1943, Wenham, MA: Wenham Historical Association, 1943.
  7. ↑ "Wenham in Pictures and Prose", Wenham, Ma: Wenham Historical Association, 1992.
  8. ↑ "Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Wenham town, Essex County, Massachusetts". U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder. Retrieved September 6, 2012.
  9. ↑ "TOTAL POPULATION (P1), 2010 Census Summary File 1". American FactFinder, All County Subdivisions within Massachusetts. United States Census Bureau. 2010.
  10. ↑ "Massachusetts by Place and County Subdivision - GCT-T1. Population Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
  11. ↑ "1990 Census of Population, General Population Characteristics: Massachusetts" (PDF). US Census Bureau. December 1990. Table 76: General Characteristics of Persons, Households, and Families: 1990. 1990 CP-1-23. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
  12. ↑ "1980 Census of the Population, Number of Inhabitants: Massachusetts" (PDF). US Census Bureau. December 1981. Table 4. Populations of County Subdivisions: 1960 to 1980. PC80-1-A23. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
  13. ↑ "1950 Census of Population" (PDF). Bureau of the Census. 1952. Section 6, Pages 21-10 and 21-11, Massachusetts Table 6. Population of Counties by Minor Civil Divisions: 1930 to 1950. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
  14. ↑ "1920 Census of Population" (PDF). Bureau of the Census. Number of Inhabitants, by Counties and Minor Civil Divisions. Pages 21-5 through 21-7. Massachusetts Table 2. Population of Counties by Minor Civil Divisions: 1920, 1910, and 1920. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
  15. ↑ "1890 Census of the Population" (PDF). Department of the Interior, Census Office. Pages 179 through 182. Massachusetts Table 5. Population of States and Territories by Minor Civil Divisions: 1880 and 1890. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
  16. ↑ "1870 Census of the Population" (PDF). Department of the Interior, Census Office. 1872. Pages 217 through 220. Table IX. Population of Minor Civil Divisions, &c. Massachusetts. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
  17. ↑ "1860 Census" (PDF). Department of the Interior, Census Office. 1864. Pages 220 through 226. State of Massachusetts Table No. 3. Populations of Cities, Towns, &c. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
  18. ↑ "1850 Census" (PDF). Department of the Interior, Census Office. 1854. Pages 338 through 393. Populations of Cities, Towns, &c. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
  19. ↑ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  20. ↑
  21. ↑ http://penguinhall.org/
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