Werner Henke

Werner Henke
Born	13 May 1909 Rudak, Thorn, German Empire (today Poland)
Died	15 June 1944 (aged 35) Fort Hunt, Virginia
Buried at	Fort George G. Meade
Allegiance	Nazi Germany
Service/branch	Reichsmarine  Kriegsmarine
Years of service	1934–44
Rank	Korvettenkapitän
Unit	4th U-boat Flotilla 10th U-boat Flotilla
Commands held	U-515
Battles/wars	Battle of the Atlantic
Awards	Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves

Werner Henke (13 May 1909 – 15 June 1944) was the commander of U-515 in the Battle of the Atlantic of World War II. U-515 was sunk by the US task group 22.3, commanded by Daniel V. Gallery on 9 April 1944 and Henke was captured along with about 40 of his crew. He was shot and killed while attempting to escape from the POW interrogation center in Fort Hunt, Virginia in the United States.

Early life and naval career

Henke was raised in Rudak, a small village just outside Thorn. When Thorn became part of Poland in 1920, the Henke family moved to Celle in the Province of Hanover. Henke joined the Reichsmarine in April 1934 after several years in the merchant marine.^[1]

Henke attended the Naval Academy at Mürwik and served on the pocket battleship German cruiser Admiral Scheer. In five years' training he spent only one week studying U-boat warfare. He spent nearly two years stationed at the Pillau (now Baltiysk) naval base starting in 1937. In May 1939 he was assigned to the battleship Schleswig-Holstein, where he participated in the first shots of World War II in the Battle of Westerplatte.^[1]

In April 1940, he commenced six weeks of training at the U-boat school at Neustadt in Holstein. Before completing this training however, he was convicted of desertion and sent to a punishment unit. In November, he was assigned to U-124.^[1]

U515

In November 1941, he was sent to submarine commander's school, and on 21 February 1942 U-515 was commissioned with Henke in command.

Henke was captured when U-515 was sunk at 15:10 on 9 April 1944 in the mid-Atlantic north of Madeira at 34°35′N 19°18′W / 34.583°N 19.300°W by bombs from the US escort carrier USS Guadalcanal and depth charges from the destroyer escorts USS Pope, USS Pillsbury, USS Chatelain and USS Flaherty. 40 survivor were taken on by the warships.

Death

Werner Henke's grave at Fort Meade, MD, decorated for Volkstrauertag 2008

A British propaganda broadcast had falsely accused Henke of shooting British survivors of Ceramic, a passenger ship that U-515 had sunk on 7 December 1942. Henke therefore believed the British wanted to try him as a war criminal.^[1] Knowing this, Captain Gallery, hoping to extort intelligence from him or his crew, threatened to turn him over to the British if he did not cooperate. Captain Gallery was successful in getting Henke to sign a paper agreeing to cooperate with interrogators. Henke reneged on the agreement but upon seeing that their captain had agreed to talk, many of his crew signed similar agreements and did cooperate.

Henke was interned in the interrogation center known as P. O. Box 1142 in Fort Hunt, Virginia, where his interrogators threatened to hold him to his agreement to cooperate or be extradited to England to face war crime charges. On 15 June 1944, he dashed to the fence of the interrogation center and began to climb over. He continued to climb after being ordered to stop and a guard shot him dead with a sub-machine gun.

Aftermath

Henke was posthumously promoted to Korvettenkapitän and is interred at The Post Cemetery in Fort George G. Meade, Maryland, along with 32 other German POWs and 3 Italian POWs.

A ceremony is held at the gravesite every year on Volkstrauertag in November, the German equivalent of Memorial Day, at which the Naval attaché of the German embassy in Washington, DC, lays a wreath with a ribbon in the colors of the German flag in commemoration of all those buried at this gravesite. It is not uncommon to see flowers in front of the grave.

Summary of career

Ships attacked

Date	Name	Nationality	Tonnage (GRT)	Fate	Casualties
12 September 1942	Stanvac Melbourne	Panama	10,013	Sunk	1 killed
12 September 1942	Woensdrecht	Netherlands	4,668	Total loss	1 killed
13 September 1942	Nimba	Panama	1,854	Sunk	20 killed
13 September 1942	Ocean Vanguard	United Kingdom	7,174	Sunk	11 killed
14 September 1942	Harborough	United Kingdom	5,415	Sunk	5 killed
15 September 1942	Sørholt	Norway	4,801	Sunk	7 killed
17 September 1942	Mae	United States	5,607	Sunk	1 killed
20 September 1942	Reedpool	United Kingdom	4,838	Sunk	5 killed
23 September 1942	Antonius	United States	6,034	Damaged
23 September 1942	Lindvangen	Norway	2,412	Sunk	15 killed
12 November 1942	HMS Hecla	Royal Navy	10,850	Sunk	283 killed
12 November 1942	HMS Marne	Royal Navy	1,920	Damaged
7 December 1942	Ceramic	United Kingdom	18,713	Sunk	656 killed
4 March 1943	California Star	United Kingdom	8,300	Sunk	50 killed
9 April 1943	Bamako	Free France	2,397	Sunk	6 killed
30 April 1943	Bandar Shahpour	United Kingdom	5,236	Sunk	1 killed
30 April 1943	Corabella	United Kingdom	5,682	Sunk	9 killed
30 April 1943	Kota Tajandi	Netherlands	7,295	Sunk	6 killed
30 April 1943	Nagina	United Kingdom	6,551	Sunk	2 killed
1 May 1943	City of Singapore	United Kingdom	6,555	Sunk
1 May 1943	Clan Macpherson	United Kingdom	6,940	Sunk	4 killed
1 May 1943	Mokambo	Belgium	4,966	Sunk
9 May 1943	Corneville	Norway	4,554	Sunk
18 May 1943	HMS Chanticleer	Royal Navy	1,350	Total loss
17 December 1943	Kingswood	United Kingdom	5,080	Sunk
20 December 1943	Phemius	United Kingdom	7,406	Sunk	23 killed
24 December 1943	Dumana	United Kingdom	8,427	Sunk	39 killed

Awards

• Wehrmacht Long Service Award 4th Class (1 October 1936)^[2]
• Spanish Cross in Bronze (6 June 1939)^[2]
• Sudetenland Medal (23 October 1940)^[2]
• Iron Cross (1939) 2nd Class (17 September 1939) & 1st Class (4 October 1941)^[2]
• U-boat War Badge (1939) (4 May 1941)^[2]
• Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves
  • Knight's Cross on 17 December 1942 as Oberleutnant zur See zur Verwendung and commander of U-515^[3]
  • 257th Oak Leaves on 4 July 1943 as Kapitänleutnant zur Verwendung and commander of U-515^[4]

References

Citations

1. Mulligan 1993
2. Busch & Röll 2003, p. 292.
3. Fellgiebel 2000, p. 222.
4. Fellgiebel 2000, p. 70.

Bibliography

• Busch, Rainer; Röll, Hans-Joachim (2003). Der U-Boot-Krieg 1939–1945 — Die Ritterkreuzträger der U-Boot-Waffe von September 1939 bis Mai 1945 [The U-Boat War 1939–1945 — The Knight's Cross Bearers of the U-Boat Force from September 1939 to May 1945] (in German). Hamburg, Berlin, Bonn: Verlag E.S. Mittler & Sohn. ISBN 978-3-8132-0515-2.
• Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer (2000) [1986]. Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile [The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches] (in German). Friedberg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas. ISBN 978-3-7909-0284-6.
• Mulligan, Timothy P (1993). Lone Wolf. The Life and Death of U-Boat Ace Werner Henke. Westport, Connecticut; London, UK: Praeger. ISBN 0-275-93677-5.
• Scherzer, Veit (2007). Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives [The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives] (in German). Jena, Germany: Scherzers Militaer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-938845-17-2.