Yorkville, Manhattan

For other uses of "Yorkville", see Yorkville.

Coordinates: 40°46′34″N 73°56′57″W / 40.7762231°N 73.9492079°W / 40.7762231; -73.9492079

Yorkville, as seen from a highrise on East 87th Street

Yorkville is a neighborhood in the Upper East Side of Manhattan, New York City. Its southern boundary is East 79th Street, its northern East 96th Street, its western Third Avenue, and its eastern the East River.[1]

The neighborhood, in Manhattan Community Board 8,[2] is among the most affluent in the city.

History

Looking west at 90th Street and Second Avenue

Early history

In August 1776, George Washington stationed half of his Continental Army in Manhattan, with many troops in the Yorkville area in defensive positions along the East River to protect the other half of his army if they were to retreat from Brooklyn, and to inflict damage on invading land and sea forces.[3] Following the Battle of Long Island defeat on August 27, the Continentals implemented an orderly pivoting retreat in the Yorkville area, leading the enemy to entice the Continentals to fight by piping "Fly Away", about a fox running away from hounds. The Continentals' disciplined northerly retreat led to the successful Battle of Harlem Heights in September 1776.[4]

In 1815, the Upper East Side was a farmland and market garden district.[5] The Boston Post Road traversed the Upper East Side, locally called the Eastern Post Road; milepost 6 was near the northeast corner of Third Avenue and 81st Street. From 1833 to 1837 the New York and Harlem Railroad, one of the earliest railway systems in the United States, was extended through the Upper East Side along Fourth Avenue (later renamed Park Avenue).[6] A hamlet grew near the 86th Street station, becoming the Yorkville neighborhood as gradual yet steady commercial development occurred. The current street grid was laid-out between 1839 and 1844 as part of the Commissioners' Plan of 1811, so the Eastern Post Road was abandoned. The community had been referred to as Yorkville before 1867.[7]

By 1850, a significant proportion of the inhabitants of the area were the Germans and the Irish that helped build the Croton Aqueduct.[8] The area was included in the 19th administrative district whose boundaries were 40th and 86th Street.[9] In 1858, trams were built along Second and Third Avenues. After the American Civil War, mansions replaced slums in Yorkville.[9] On December 30, 1878, the IRT Third Avenue Line opened, followed by the IRT Second Avenue Line in August 1879.[10]

Ethnic settlement

For much of the 19th and 20th centuries, Yorkville was a middle- to working-class neighborhood, inhabited by many people of Czech, Slovak, Irish, Polish, German, Hungarian, and Lebanese descent. The area was a mostly German enclave, though.[11] The neighborhood became more affluent.[12]

From 1880, Yorkville became a destination for German-born immigrants. However, by the 1900s, many German residents moved to Yorkville and other neighborhoods from "Kleindeutschland" (Little Germany) on the Lower East Side after the General Slocum disaster on June 15, 1904. The ship caught fire in the East River just off the shores of Yorkville, leading family members to move closer to the site of the incident.[13] Most of the passengers on the ship were German.[14][15] In addition, the general trend towards moving to the suburbs reduced the German population in Manhattan; by 1930, most German New Yorkers lived in Queens.

On 86th Street, in the central portion of Yorkville, there were many German shops, restaurants and bakeries. Yorkville became the melting pot of populations arriving from various regions of the Prussian-dominated German Empire and its colonies, where many cultures spoke German. In the 1930s, the neighborhood was the home base of Fritz Julius Kuhn's German American Bund, the most notorious pro-Nazi group in 1930s America, which led to spontaneous protests by other residents.[16] Yorkville was a haven for refugees from fascist Germany in the 1940s, and from refugees from communist regimes in the 1950s and 1960s. The neighborhood is the site of the annual Steuben Parade, a large German-American celebration.[17]

The largest non-German group were the Irish.[18] Irish mostly lived in an area bounded by 81st and 85th Streets, and Lexington and Fifth Avenues. They attended mass at such churches as St. Ignatius Loyola on 84th Street and Park Avenue, Our Lady of Good Counsel (90th Street) and the Church of St. Joseph (87th Street). There were many Irish bars including Finnegan's Wake, Dorrian's Red Hand Restaurant, Ireland's 32, Carrol's Hideaway, O'Brien's and Kinsale Tavern. Until the late 1990s, New York's St. Patrick's Day Parade ended at 86th Street and Third Avenue, the historical center of Yorkville.[19] In addition, Jews also lived on Second Avenue.[10]

79th Street was a hub for the Austro-Hungarian populace. Popular restaurants included the Viennese Lantern, Tokay, Hungarian Gardens, Robert Heller's Cafe Abazzia at 2nd Avenue, Budapest and the Debrechen.[20] There were also a number of butcher stores and businesses that imported goods from Hungary. Churches included St. Stephen Catholic Church and the Hungarian Reformed Church on East 82nd Street. In addition, Czechs, Poles and Slovaks lived from 65th to 73rd Street. Besides Ruc, a Czech restaurant off Second Avenue, there were sokol halls on 67th and 71st Streets. There were other Czech and Slovak businesses, such as Czech butcher shops, poultry and grocery stores, and shops that sold imported goods such as Bohemian books, leather products and crystal.[20]

Recent history

A sidewalk clock on 1501 Third Avenue

Around the late 1920s, Yorkville's ethnic diversity was beginning to wane. In 1926, the New York Times wrote of Yorkville's changing ethnic makeup:

Yorkville, for well-nigh two decades known to connoisseurs of east side life as the exclusive domain of Czechoslovaks, Hungarians and Germans, is slowly giving up its strongly accentuated Central European character and gradually merging into a state of colorless impersonality…[9]

In 1928, a one-block section of Sutton Place north of 59th Street, and all of Avenue A north of that point, was renamed York Avenue to honor U.S. Army Sergeant Alvin York, who received the Medal of Honor for attacking a German machine gun nest during World War I's Meuse-Argonne Offensive.[21][22][23]

The dismantling of the Third Avenue El in 1955 led to the demolition of many mansions. This led to the acceleration of the exodus of Yorkville residents. Over the years, this trend continued. Thus, in the 1980s, a building for members of the German gymnastic society Turners, at the intersection of 86th Street and Lexington Avenue, was demolished. Cafe Mozart, on 86th Street between Second and Third Avenues, was also demolished. In their place were built high-rise residential complexes.[10][20]

By the turn of the 21st century, East 82nd Street was co-named St. Stephen of Hungary Way. The area from East 79th to 83rd Streets, spanning approximately four blocks east-west, is colloquially known as Little Hungary.[24]

Demographics

76th Street between Second and Third Avenues

Based on data from the 2010 United States Census, the population of Yorkville was 77,942, an increase of 1,174 (1.5%) from the 76,768 counted in 2000. Covering an area of 319.14 acres (129.15 ha), the neighborhood had a population density of 244.2 inhabitants per acre (156,300/sq mi).[25]

The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 76.0% (59,233) White, 3.7% (2,858) African American, 0.1% (51) Native American, 9.3% (7,226) Asian, 0.0% (25) Pacific Islander, 0.3% (216) from other races, and 1.9% (1,466) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 8.8% (6,867) of the population.[26]

The median income for a household in Yorkville is almost twice the average for the city, at $85,724.[27]

Education

The New York City Department of Education operates several public schools in the area.

The Lycée Français de New York is located on East 75th Street between York and East End Avenue.

The City University of New York has its administrative offices in Yorkville.[28]

Fordham Graduate Housing is located on East 81st Street between York and East End Avenues.[29]

East Side Middle School is located on 91st Street between First and Second Avenues.

Transportation

There are currently no operating subway stations in Yorkville itself. Western Yorkville is served by 77th Street, 86th Street and 96th Street stations on the IRT Lexington Avenue Line of the New York City Subway,[30] one block west of Yorkville's western boundary at 3rd Avenue.[31] As of March 2015, bus routes M15, M15 SBS, M31, M72, M79, M86, M96, M98, M101, M102, M103 of the New York City Bus also operate in Yorkville.[32]

Eastern Yorkville is very far from any subway connections, and has among the farthest walks in Manhattan to any subway stations.[11] Parts of the Second Avenue Subway—the 86th Street and 96th Street stations—are under construction in Yorkville under Second Avenue, leading to increased residential construction and real estate prices in advance of the opening of the new subway line.[33]

Yorkville is expected to be served by the Citywide Ferry Service[34] starting in 2018.[35][36]

Prominent locations

Carl Schurz Park in summer

Notable residents

Residents of Yorkville have included:

References

  1. ↑ Hughes, C. J. (June 1, 2008). "Living in Yorkville: Where Change Is Underfoot, and Overhead". The New York Times. Retrieved July 12, 2013.
  2. ↑ "MANHATTAN COMMUNITY DISTRICT 8" (PDF). nyc.gov. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 19, 2013. Retrieved 2013-01-06.
  3. ↑ http://www.historicmapworks.com/Map/OL/2606/New+York/
  4. ↑ McCullough, David (2006), 1776, New York: Simon and Schuster Paperback, ISBN 0-7432-2672-0
  5. ↑ http://digitalgallery.nypl.org/nypldigital/dgkeysearchresult.cfm?parent_id=852165
  6. ↑ "Happy Birthday to the New York & Harlem Railroad – 180 years!". I Ride The Harlem Line. April 25, 2011.
  7. ↑ http://digitalgallery.nypl.org/nypldigital/dgkeysearchdetail.cfm?trg=1&strucID=844789&imageID=1520737&parent_id=844784&snum=&s=&notword=&d=&c=&f=&k=1&sScope=&sLevel=&sLabel=&sort=&total=20&num=0&imgs=20&pNum=&pos=14
  8. ↑ Croton-On-Hudson Historical Society (2001). Images of America Series. Arcadia Publishing. pp. 41, 128. ISBN 0738505439.
  9. 1 2 3 "Yorkville Bank: Early History and Development of Yorkville" (PDF). Landmarks Preservation Commission. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 27, 2013. Retrieved 2013-01-12.
  10. 1 2 3 Jackson, Kenneth T., ed. (2010), The Encyclopedia of New York City (2nd ed.), New Haven: Yale University Press, ISBN 978-0-300-11465-2, p. 1428
  11. 1 2 "Yorkville vs. Park Slope: See how these New York City neighborhoods stack up". NY Daily News. 12 December 2013. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
  12. ↑ Gerald Handel (2000). Making a Life in Yorkville: Experience and Meaning in the Life-Course Narrative of an Urban Working-Class Man. Contributions in Sociology Series, 130; ABC-Clio ebook. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 1, 149. ISBN 0313313075.
  13. ↑ King, Gilbert. "A Spectacle of Horror – The Burning of the General Slocum; The deadliest disaster in New York before 9/11 killed many women and children and ultimately erased a German community from the map of Manhattan.", Smithsonian magazine, February 21, 2012. Accessed May 18, 2016. "The men of Little Germany were suddenly without families. Funerals were held for more than a week, and the desolate schoolyards of Kleindeutschland were painful reminders of their loss. Many widowers and broken families moved uptown to Yorkville to be closer to the scene of the disaster, establishing a new Germantown on Manhattan’s Upper East Side."
  14. ↑ Collins, Glenn (June 8, 2004). "A 100-Year-Old Horror, Through 9/11 Eyes; In the Sinking of the Slocum, a Template For the Arc of a City's Grief and Recovery". The New York Times. Retrieved November 20, 2007. The disaster helped accelerate the flight of Germans from the Lower East Side to Yorkville and other neighborhoods, although there were other motivations as well. 'The very dense old housing on the Lower East Side was no longer attractive to upwardly mobile Germans,' said Dr. John Logan, director of the Center for Social and Demographic Analysis at the State University of New York at Albany.
  15. ↑ Strausbaugh, John (September 14, 2007). "Paths of Resistance in the East Village". The New York Times. Retrieved December 29, 2007. On June 15, 1904, about 1,200 people from St. Mark's Evangelical Lutheran Church (323 Sixth Street, between First and Second Avenues, the site of the Community Synagogue since 1940) died when the steamship the General Slocum, taking them on a day trip up the East River, burned. It was the deadliest disaster in the city before Sept. 11, 2001. It traumatized the community and hastened residents' flight to uptown areas like Yorkville.
  16. 1 2 Noble, Barbara Presley (July 23, 1989). "If You're Thinking of Living In: Yorkville". The New York Times. Retrieved July 31, 2010.
  17. ↑ David W. Dunlap (April 19, 2008). "In the Heart of Yorkville, Life Has Changed for German Catholics". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 27, 2013. Retrieved January 12, 2013.
  18. ↑ "The History of Yorkville" by Kathryn A. Jolowicz
  19. ↑ "A Guide To The NYC St. Patrick's Day Parade", CBS New York, March 15, 2013
  20. 1 2 3 "Letters; Yorkville Recalled". The New York Times. July 3, 1983. Retrieved July 31, 2010.
  21. ↑ Gray, Christopher. " Streetscapes/Sutton Place, Sutton Place South and One Sutton Place North; A Prestigious Enclave With a Name in Question", The New York Times, September 21, 2003. Accessed December 27, 2007.
  22. ↑ Pollak, Michael. "F. Y. I.", The New York Times, August 7, 2005. Accessed October 16, 2007. "In 1928, Sutton Place from 59th to 60th Street, and Avenue A north of 60th, were renamed York Avenue in honor of Sgt. Alvin C. York (1887–1964), a World War I hero from Tennessee and a recipient of the Medal of Honor."
  23. ↑ During his attack on October 8, 1918, York captured four German officers and 128 men and several guns. "Medal of Honor Recipients – World War I". United States Army Center of Military History.
  24. ↑ "Little Hungary", Forgotten New York
  25. ↑ Table PL-P5 NTA: Total Population and Persons Per Acre - New York City Neighborhood Tabulation Areas*, 2010, Population Division - New York City Department of City Planning, February 2012. Accessed May 18, 2016.
  26. ↑ Table PL-P3A NTA: Total Population by Mutually Exclusive Race and Hispanic Origin - New York City Neighborhood Tabulation Areas*, 2010, Population Division - New York City Department of City Planning, March 29, 2011. Accessed May 18, 2016.
  27. ↑ "Yorkville neighborhood in New York, New York (NY)". city-data.com. Retrieved 2013-01-12.
  28. ↑ "Administrative Offices." City University of New York. Retrieved on May 4, 2010.
  29. ↑ History of The Upper East Side and Yorkville, visitmanhattanapartments.com
  30. ↑ "Subway Map" (PDF). Metropolitan Transportation Authority. November 2016. Retrieved 2016-11-07.
  31. ↑ "Road Map of Manhattan, New York". aaccessmaps.com. Archived from the original on January 19, 2013. Retrieved January 12, 2013.
  32. ↑ "Manhattan Bus Map" (PDF). mta.info. Retrieved March 2, 2015.
  33. ↑ Hughes, C.J. "Yorkville Bets on the Second Avenue Subway", The New York Times, April 8, 2016. Accessed May 18, 2016. "But the new subway stations at East 72nd, East 86th and East 96th Streets, and the expanded one at East 63rd, seem to be having an equalizing effect on prices in what used to be more of a cotton socks district."
  34. ↑ DNAinfoNewYork. "Proposed Routes for NYC's Expanded Ferry Service". Scribd. Retrieved September 22, 2016.
  35. ↑ "Citywide Ferry Service to Launch in June 2017, Official Says". DNAinfo New York. 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2016-09-22.
  36. ↑ "New York City's Ferry Service Set to Launch in 2017". NBC New York. Retrieved 9 May 2016.
  37. ↑ "History of the Manhattan Chamber of Commerce". October 20, 2009. Archived from the original on November 13, 2010. Retrieved October 20, 2009.
  38. ↑ Marjorie Pearson and Elizabeth Spencer-Ralph (October 1978). "National Register of Historic Places Registration: Municipal Asphalt Plant". New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation. Retrieved 2011-03-25. See also: "Accompanying two photos".
  39. ↑ Asphalt Green Gym Is Nearly All Roof, and It's Leaky
  40. ↑ NYC East 91st Waste Facility Archived April 18, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
  41. ↑ "After deliberation, de Blasio supports the Upper East Side waste facility again". Capital New York. 2013-05-31. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
  42. ↑ "Opponents to File Lawsuit in Fight Against E 91st Street Trash Facility". DNA Info. 2012-07-25. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
  43. ↑ Lubasch, Arnold H. (February 26, 1961). "Cousy Is Considering Retirement". The New York Times. p. S7. Retrieved July 31, 2010.
  44. ↑ "Plaque for Gehrig's Birthplace". The Miami News. Associated Press. August 22, 1953. Retrieved November 14, 2014.
  45. ↑ Kahn, David. Hitler's Spies: German Military Intelligence in World War II, p. 327. Da Capo Press, 2000. ISBN 9780306809491. Accessed May 20, 2016. "He was Ignatz T. Griebl, a bespectacled physician who was one of the most notorious womanizers in, and a leader of, Manhattan's German colony of Yorkville."
  46. ↑ "Longtime Fashion Designer Norma Kamali Infuses Her Work With Accessibility, Empowerment" Archived December 26, 2013, at the Wayback Machine. by Budd Mishkin, One On 1, April 30, 2012
  47. ↑ Bierut, Michael. "Helmut Krone, Period.", Design Observer, August 23, 2006. Accessed May 20, 2016. "Challis's book is filled with this kind of detail. Born in 1925 to immigrant parents in Yorkville, Manhattan's German enclave, he attended the High School for Industrial Art, where he hoped to become a product designer."
  48. ↑ "Bert Lahr", Turner Classic Movies
  49. ↑ "Comedy Wizard Dies At 72", St. Petersburg Times, December 5, 1967. Accessed May 20, 2016. "Born Bert Lahrheim to an immigrant German family in New York's Yorkville section, Lahr dropped out of school at 15 and joined a child vaudeville troupe."
  50. ↑ Strausbaugh, John (December 14, 2007). "In the Mansion Land of the 'Fifth Avenoodles'". The New York Times. Retrieved January 30, 2008.
  51. ↑ Marx, Harpo (1962). Harpo Speaks!. Limelight Editions. ISBN 0-87910-036-2.
  52. ↑ Whitman, Alden. "Henry Miller, 88, Dies in California; A Credo of Hedonism Henry Miller, the Writer, Is Dead at 88 Travel Book Praised Some Tender Moments Books Outraged Many 'Just a Brooklyn Boy' Lamentations for Culture 'I Just Start Something'", The New York Times, June 9, 1980. Accessed May 20, 2016. "Henry Valentine Miller was born in the Yorkville section of Manhattan on Dec. 26, 1891, the son of a German-American tailor."
  53. ↑ "JOHN P. MORRISSEY, LEGISLATOR, DIES; Yorkville Democrat Served in Assembly and Senate", The New York Times, October 31, 1966. Accessed May 20, 2016. "Mr. Morrisey, an engineer, had been a Democratic district leader in Yorkville 35 years and had represented the area in the Assembly."
  54. ↑ Lee, Jennifer 8. (January 30, 2008). "Where Obama Lived in 1980s New York". The New York Times. Retrieved January 30, 2008.
  55. ↑ John Freeman Gill (2012-11-16). "More Small Dogs and Big Home Prices". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2013-01-27. Retrieved 2013-01-12.
  56. ↑ Georgette Seabrook Powell, The HistoryMakers, November 8, 2006. Accessed May 20, 2016. "Art therapist, non-profit chief executive, and painter Georgette Ernestine Seabrooke Powell was born on August 2, 1916 in Charleston, South Carolina to Anna and George Seabrooke. Powell grew up in the Yorkville neighborhood of New York City."
  57. ↑ Adams, Frank S. "End Papers: SENATOR ROBERT F. WAGNER and the Rise of American Liberalism. By J. Joseph Huthmacher. 362 pages. Atheneum. $10.", The New York Times, December 20, 1968. Accessed May 20, 2016. " How Bob Wagner, who came here as a boy of 9 from his native Germany and grew up in Yorkville, where his father was a janitor, became one of the key members of the New Deal and helped shape the basic labor-industrial relationships that still exist today is told in great detail in this sound but not very lively book by a Rutgers history professor."
  58. ↑ Puzo, Mario. The Godfather's Revenge. p. 94. Retrieved October 20, 2009.
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