Furanylfentanyl

Furanylfentanyl
Clinical data
ATC code none
Legal status
Legal status
  • CA: Schedule I
  • UK: Controlled as psychoactive substance
  • Illegal in Sweden
Identifiers
CAS Number 101345-66-8
PubChem (CID) 13653606
ChemSpider 14921702
UNII 3F7C9J1LS7 YesY
Chemical and physical data
Formula C24H26N2O2
Molar mass 374.475 g/mol
3D model (Jmol) Interactive image

Furanylfentanyl (Fu-F) is an opioid analgesic that is an analog of fentanyl[1] and has been sold as a designer drug.[2] It has an ED50 value of 0.02 mg/kg in mice.[3] This makes it approximately five times less potent than fentanyl.[4]

Side effects

Side effects of fentanyl analogs are similar to those of fentanyl itself, which include itching, nausea and potentially serious respiratory depression, which can be life-threatening. Fentanyl analogs have killed hundreds of people throughout Europe and the former Soviet republics since the most recent resurgence in use began in Estonia in the early 2000s, and novel derivatives continue to appear.[5]

Life-threatening adverse reactions caused by furanylfentanyl use have been observed in Sweden[6] and Canada.[7] At least seven deaths in Cook County, Illinois, have been linked to furanylfentanyl.[8][9]

Furanylfentanyl is illegal in Sweden as of January 2016.[10]

The United States Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) proposed a temporary placement of furanylfentanyl into Schedule I of the Controlled Substances Act on 27 September 2016.[11]

The China connection

According to the DEA,[12] fentanyl and its analog are being mass-produced in clandestine labs in China and are then smuggled into the United States via traditional distribution routes through Mexico. These new variants of fentanyl are manufactured by Chinese chemists in order to circumvent restrictions on sale of fentanyl in the United States.[13]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Bagley, Jerome R.; Wynn, Richard L.; Rudo, Frieda G.; Doorley, Brian M.; Spencer, H. Kenneth; Spaulding, Theodore (March 1989). "New 4-(Heteroanilido)piperidines, Structurally Related to the Pure Opioid Agonist Fentanyl, with Agonist and/or Antagonist Properties". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 32 (3): 663–671. doi:10.1021/jm00123a028. PMID 2563773.
  2. ↑ "Furanylfentanyl". EMCDDA. New Synthetic Drugs Database.
  3. ↑ Bao-Shan Huang; Ross C. Terrell; Kirsten H. Deutsche; Linas V. Kudzma; Nhora L. Lalinde (9 April 1984). "Patent US4584303 - N-aryl-N-(4-piperidinyl)amides and pharmaceutical compositions and method employing such compounds". The Boc Group, Inc.
  4. ↑ Chen, Quan; Shang, You; Xu, Yong; Li, Ping; Li, Ping; Liu, Guo-Li (February 2016). "Analgesic effect and pharmacological mechanism of fentanyl and butorphanol in a rat model of incisional pain". Journal of Clinical Anesthesia. 28: 67–73. doi:10.1016/j.jclinane.2015.08.010. PMID 26440441.
  5. ↑ Mounteney, Jane; Giraudon, Isabelle; Denissov, Gleb; Griffiths, Paul (July 2015). "Fentanyls: Are we missing the signs? Highly potent and on the rise in Europe". International Journal of Drug Policy. 26 (7): 626–631. doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2015.04.003. PMID 25976511.
  6. ↑ Helander, Anders; Bäckberg, Matilda; Beck, Olof (20 April 2016). "Intoxications involving the fentanyl analogs acetylfentanyl, 4-methoxybutyrfentanyl and furanylfentanyl: results from the Swedish STRIDA project". Clinical Toxicology. 54 (4): 324–332. doi:10.3109/15563650.2016.1139715. PMID 26850293.
  7. ↑ Klar, Salman A.; Brodkin, Elizabeth; Gibson, Erin; Padhi, Shovita; Predy, Christine; Green, Corey; Lee, Victoria (23 September 2016). "Furanyl-Fentanyl Overdose Events Caused by Smoking Contaminated Crack Cocaine — British Columbia, Canada, July 15–18, 2016". MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 65 (37): 1015–1016. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6537a6. PMID 27657853.
  8. ↑ Toni Preckwinkle (18 April 2016). "Medical Examiner Reports Deaths from Powerful Opioids on the Rise". Cook County Government.
  9. ↑ Mohr, Amanda L. A.; Friscia, Melissa; Papsun, Donna; Kacinko, Sherri L.; Buzby, David; Logan, Barry K. (2016). "Analysis of Novel Synthetic Opioids U-47700, U-50488 and Furanyl Fentanyl by LC–MS/MS in Postmortem Casework". Journal of Analytical Toxicology. doi:10.1093/jat/bkw086. PMID 27590036.
  10. ↑ "31 nya ämnen kan klassas som narkotika eller hälsofarlig vara" (in Swedish). Folkhälsomyndigheten. 17 November 2015.
  11. ↑ Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) (27 September 2016). "Proposed Rule: Schedules of Controlled Substances: Temporary Placement of Furanyl Fentanyl Into Schedule I". Federal Register.
  12. ↑ Welch, Ashley (5 April 2016). "Fentanyl: What you need to know about the deadly opioid". CBS News.
  13. ↑ Armstrong, David (26 April 2016). "Chinese labs modify deadly fentanyl to circumvent ban on sales to US". Stat News.
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