China Camp State Park

Not to be confused with Chinese Camp, California.


China Camp
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
U.S. Historic district
California Historical Landmark #924^[1]
China Camp in 2010
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Location	San Rafael, California
Coordinates	38°0′3″N 122°27′41″W / 38.00083°N 122.46139°W / 38.00083; -122.46139
Area	75 acres (30 ha)
Built	1865–1925
NRHP Reference #	79000493^[2]
CHISL #	924^[1]
Added to NRHP	April 26, 1979

China Camp State Park is a state park of California, United States, surrounding a historic Chinese American shrimp-fishing village and a salt marsh. The park is located in San Rafael, California, on the shore of San Pablo Bay. It is known for its hiking and mountain biking trails, scenic views, and open spaces. The 1,514-acre (613 ha) park was established in 1976.^[3] A 75-acre (30 ha) district including the shrimping village and a prehistoric shell midden were added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979 for having state-level significance in archaeology, architecture, commerce, settlement, and social history.^[4]

China Camp State Park, along with the Rush Ranch Open Space Preserve, is part of the San Francisco Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve.^[5]

History

Pre-Chinese settlement

Prior to the 1700s, the area now containing the park was inhabited by indigenous Coast Miwok people, who lived by hunting game, harvesting acorns from the local oaks, and fishing and gathering seafood from the bay. After the 1775 arrival of the Spanish, who founded the nearby Mission San Rafael Arcángel, the Miwok were largely wiped out within 100 years.

In 1844, the Spanish granted much of the land that now comprises the park to Timothy Murphy, an Irish settler who became mayor (alcalde) of San Rafael. Following the United States takeover of California in 1846, Murphy lost most of his land and subsequently died, and the land came into the possession of John and George McNear, two Sonoma County businessmen who established a large dairy ranch and other businesses, such as a quarry and brickyard, on the site. These businesses employed a number of Chinese immigrants, who began to settle in the area.

Chinese settlement

The Chinese shrimp fishing village in 2010

By the 1880s, Chinese Americans had established a village at China Camp of approximately 500 people, many of whom were originally from Canton, China. They supported themselves by shrimp fishing in San Pablo Bay and/or working at local businesses. In its heyday, the village had three general stores, a marine supply store and a barber shop. China Camp was one of approximately 26 such shrimp-fishing villages established along the coast by Chinese Americans, many of whom had moved from San Francisco to escape racial prejudice and persecution. For a brief time following the 1906 San Francisco Earthquake and fire, China Camp's population increased to 10,000 as residents of San Francisco's Chinatown fled from the destruction.

In the late 1800s, the Chinese American fishermen of China Camp would catch 3 million pounds of shrimp per year, much of which was exported to China and Hawaii. However, the economy of the village was severely harmed by the passage of restrictive anti-Chinese laws in the early 1900s that outlawed the export of shrimp, closed the height of the shrimping season, and prohibited shrimping with bag nets which were the main method of catching shrimp. As a result, the population of China Camp greatly declined, leaving only one family — the Quans — carrying on shrimp fishing.

In 1914, a new net, the trawl, was invented, which made it possible for the Quans to resume their commercial shrimp fishing enterprise and process 5,000 pounds of shrimp per day. They also operated other businesses such as a general store, a boat rental, and a cafe, which served both villagers and visitors who came to the area for outdoor recreation.

Establishment of state park

By the 1960s, most of the surrounding area including the future park lands was owned or controlled by developer Chinn Ho. The shrimp population of San Pablo Bay had also greatly declined due to water pollution and diversion, although Frank Quan, the grandson of the original Quan patriarch who came to China Camp and the last remaining Quan family member living there, continued to fish, selling most of his catch for bait.

In the early 1970s, Gulf Oil expressed interest in large-scale development of the area, including high-rise condominiums and large commercial areas. Local residents and environmental and conservation groups protested the plan, and as a result, the land was sold for approximately $2.3 million in 1976 to the nonprofit California State Parks Foundation, who in turn sold it to the state of California to create China Camp State Park. Chinn Ho donated the 36-acre site of China Camp village for preservation as a memorial to Chinese American history. The general plan established for the park specifically provided that Frank Quan would be permitted to continue living in the village.

2011 proposed closure controversy

In 2011, China Camp State Park was one of 70 parks slated for closure by the state of California in connection with a $22 million state budget cut. Marin County residents voiced concern that if closed, the park could fall into disrepair, including the historic Chinese village which, according to Frank Quan — then 85 years old and the last remaining resident of the village — was the last of the 26 coastal Chinese fishing villages with enough original structures left to preserve. The California state parks department claimed that China Camp State Park was running at a deficit and that it lacked the money to keep it and other parks open.

The nonprofits Marin State Parks Association and Friends of China Camp, along with various other residents and community groups, protested the closure and raised funds to save the park. After an investigation by the Sacramento Bee revealed that the state parks department had an undeclared budget surplus of $54 million, leading to the resignation of the state parks director and the firing of her assistant, an agreement was reached under which China Camp State Park would be jointly funded by the state parks department and the Marin State Park Association, which would also operate the park. Similar agreements were reached for two other Marin County state parks, Olompali State Historic Park and Tomales Bay State Park.

A revised agreement in 2013 returned operation of Olompali and Tomales Bay parks to the state, while the nonprofit organization Friends of China Camp continued to operate China Camp State Park.

Frank Quan died August 2016, at age 90, while still living at the park.^[6]

Activities

The park offers a variety of outdoor activities, including overnight camping, picnic facilities, hiking and biking trails, kayaking, paddleboarding, and sailing.

China Camp also celebrates a Chinese-American Heritage Day each August, with lion dances, acrobatic and tai chi demonstrations, arts and crafts sales, activities for children, and a visit by the replica Chinese junk Grace Quan and other historic boats.

China Camp in 1889

Bay view from China Camp State Park

Notoriety

The Chinese fishing village at China Camp was used extensively in the filming of the 1955 movie Blood Alley, starring John Wayne as a captain in the United States Merchant Marine who rescues Chinese refugees from Communist China and transports them to British Hong Kong.

The park is also known for the 1975 barbecue murders, in which a local teenager, Marlene Olive, and her boyfriend, Chuck Riley, killed her parents, Jim and Naomi Olive, in the nearby suburban community of Terra Linda and then tried to dispose of the bodies by cremating them in a barbecue pit (firepit) at the park.

References

1 2 "China Camp". Office of Historic Preservation, California State Parks. Retrieved 2012-10-09.
↑ National Park Service (2006-03-15). "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service.
↑ "California State Park System Statistical Report: Fiscal Year 2009/10" (PDF). California State Parks: 22. Retrieved 2011-10-29.
↑ Bingham, Jeffrey C. (1978-08-22). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory -- Nomination Form: China Camp" (PDF). National Park Service. Retrieved 2015-05-10.
↑ "San Francisco Bay NERR::Reserve Sites". Retrieved 2009-03-25.
↑

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to China Camp State Park.

Coordinates: 37°59′57″N 122°29′18″W / 37.99917°N 122.48833°W / 37.99917; -122.48833

Protected areas of California

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National Register of Historic Places in Marin County, California

Historic districts	China Camp Fort Baker Fort Barry Fort Cronkhite Hamilton Army Air Field Discontiguous Historic District Larkspur Downtown Historic District Point Bonita Light Station Point Reyes Light Station

Belvedere	Valentine Rey House

Inverness	Brock Schreiber Boathouse and Beach Pierce Ranch Point Reyes Lifeboat Rescue Station, 1927

Larkspur	Alexander-Acacia Bridge Dolliver House Green Brae Brick Yard

Tiburon	Muir Beach Archeological Site Steamship Tennessee remains

Marshall	Station KPH Operating Station Station KPH, Marconi Wireless Telegraph Company of America

Mill Valley	Muir Woods National Monument Outdoor Art Club The Dipsea Trail

Novato	Fashion Shop and Stephen Porcella House Rancho Olompali Robert Dollar Estate Robert Dollar House

Olema	Olema Lime Kilns

San Rafael	Boyd House Bradford House Dixie Schoolhouse Erskine B. McNear House Marin County Civic Center San Rafael Improvement Club

Sausalito	Griswold House Sausalito Woman's Club William G. Barrett House

Tiburon	Angel Island, U.S. Immigration Station Benjamin and Hilarita Lyford House Lyford's Stone Tower San Francisco and North Pacific Railroad Station House-Depot

Tomales	Tomales Presbyterian Church and Cemetery

See also: National Register of Historic Places listings in Marin County, California

U.S. National Register of Historic Places

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Parks and protected areas	Don Edwards National Wildlife Refuge San Pablo Bay National Wildlife Refuge Eden Landing Ecological Reserve Hayward Regional Shoreline Hayward Shoreline Interpretive Center Crown Memorial State Beach Eastshore State Park Emeryville Crescent State Marine Reserve Point Isabel Regional Shoreline César Chávez Park Brooks Island Regional Shoreline Point Pinole Regional Shoreline Antioch Dunes National Wildlife Refuge Coyote Point Park Middle Harbor Shoreline Park National Estuarine Research Reserve China Camp State Park San Francisco Maritime National Historical Park SF Bay Trail Oyster Bay Regional Shoreline Big Break Regional Shoreline

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