Lanreotide

Lanreotide
Clinical data
Trade names Somatuline
AHFS/Drugs.com Monograph
License data
Pregnancy
category
  • AU: C
  • US: C (Risk not ruled out)
Routes of
administration		 Intramuscular, subcutaneous
ATC code H01CB03 (WHO)
Legal status
Legal status
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability Approximately 80%
Protein binding 78%
Metabolism In GI tract
Biological half-life 2 hours (immediate release)
5 days (sustained release)
Excretion Mostly biliary
Identifiers
CAS Number 108736-35-2 N
PubChem (CID) 71349
IUPHAR/BPS 2031
ChemSpider 64450 YesY
UNII 0G3DE8943Y YesY
ChEMBL CHEMBL1201185 N
ECHA InfoCard 100.215.992
Chemical and physical data
Formula C54H69N11O10S2
Molar mass 1096.33 g/mol
1156.380 g/mol (acetate)
3D model (Jmol) Interactive image
 NYesY (what is this?)  (verify)

Lanreotide (INN) is a medication used in the management of acromegaly and symptoms caused by neuroendocrine tumors, most notably carcinoid syndrome. It is a long-acting analogue of somatostatin, like octreotide. Its sequence is H-D-2Nal-Cys(1)-Tyr-D-Trp-Lys-Val-Cys(1)-Thr-NH2.

Lanreotide (as lanreotide acetate) is manufactured by Ipsen, and marketed under the trade name Somatuline. It is available in several countries, including the United Kingdom, Australia and Canada, and was approved for sale in the United States by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on August 30, 2007.[1]

Pharmacology

Lanreotide is a synthetic analogue of somatostatin, a naturally occurring inhibitory hormone which blocks the release of several other hormones, including growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), insulin and glucagon. Lanreotide binds to the same receptors as somatostatin, although with higher affinity to peripheral receptors, and has similar activity. However, while somatostatin is quickly broken down in the body (within minutes),[2] lanreotide has a much longer half-life, and produces far more prolonged effects.

The efficacy of lanreotide has not been extensively studied, and results differ greatly between trials and formulations.

Indications

Lanreotide is used in the treatment of acromegaly, due to both pituitary and non-pituitary growth hormone-secreting tumors, and the management of symptoms caused by neuroendocrine tumors, particularly carcinoid tumors and VIPomas. In the United States and Canada, lanreotide is only indicated for the treatment of acromegaly. In the United Kingdom, it is also indicated in the treatment of thyrotrophic adenoma,[3] a rare tumor of the pituitary gland which secretes TSH.

Lanreotide also shows activity against non-endocrine tumors, and, along with other somatostatin analogues, is being studied as a possible general antitumor agent.[4][5]

In Dec 2014 the US FDA approved lanreotide for the treatment of patients with unresectable, well or moderately differentiated, locally advanced or metastatic gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs).[6]

Side effects

The main side effects of lanreotide treatment are mild to moderate pain at the injection site and gastrointestinal disturbances, such as diarrhea, nausea and vomiting. Isolated cases of gallstone formation have been associated with use of lanreotide, particularly over long periods of time.[3]

Formulations

Lanreotide is available in two formulations: a sustained release formulation (sold under the trade name 'Somatuline LA'), which is injected intramuscularly every ten or fourteen days,[3] and an extended release formulation (UK trade name 'Somatuline Autogel', or 'Somatuline Depot' in the U.S.), which is administered subcutaneously once a month.[7]

Self-assembling properties

Lanreotide has been shown to spontaneously self-assemble into monodisperse nanotubes of 24.4 nm diameter[8] and has been thereafter used as a fruitful and versatile model system in several biophysical studies.

References

  1. ↑ "FDA Approves New Drug to Treat Rare Disease, Acromegaly" (Press release). U.S. Food and Drug Administration. August 30, 2007. Retrieved 2007-09-06.
  2. ↑ Rens-Domiano S, Reisine T (1992). "Biochemical and functional properties of somatostatin receptors". J Neurochem. 58 (6): 1987–96. doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1992.tb10938.x. PMID 1315373.
  3. 1 2 3 "Somatuline LA". electronic Medicines Compendium. September 17, 2003. Retrieved 2007-03-02.
  4. ↑ Kvols L, Woltering E (2006). "Role of somatostatin analogs in the clinical management of non-neuroendocrine solid tumors". Anticancer Drugs. 17 (6): 601–8. doi:10.1097/01.cad.0000210335.95828.ed. PMID 16917205.
  5. ↑ Susini C, Buscail L (2006). "Rationale for the use of somatostatin analogs as antitumor agents". Ann Oncol. 17 (12): 1733–42. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdl105. PMID 16801334.
  6. ↑ "FDA Approves Lanreotide Injection for GEP-NETs". 2014.
  7. ↑ "Somatuline Autogel". electronic Medicines Compendium. April 12, 2007. Retrieved 2007-04-19.
  8. ↑ Valéry C, Paternostre M, Robert B, Gulik-Krzywicki T, Narayanan T, Dedieu JC, Keller G, Torres ML, Cherif-Cheikh R, Calvo P, Artzner F (2003). "Biomimetic organization: Octapeptide self-assembly into nanotubes of viral capsid-like dimension". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 100 (18): 10258–62. doi:10.1073/pnas.1730609100.
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