United States Senate elections, 1918

United States Senate elections, 1918
United States
November 5, 1918[1]
34 of the 96 seats in the United States Senate
49 seats needed for a majority
  Majority party Minority party
 
Party Republican Democratic
Last election 42 seats 54 seats
Seats before 43 53
Seats after 49 47
Seat change Increase 5 Decrease 5

  Democratic hold
  Democratic gain
  Republican hold
  Republican gain
Majority party before election

Democratic

 Elected Majority party

Republican

The United States Senate elections of 1918 was held November 5, 1918 coinciding with the midpoint of Woodrow Wilson's second term as President of the United States. The Republican Party gained control with a slim 2-seat majority after picking up a net six seats. The change in control was particularly important, as it meant that the Republicans were in a position to deny entry of the United States into the League of Nations, the centerpiece of Wilson's post-war foreign policy. It was the first election in which all Class 2 senators were subject to direct election following the enactment of the Seventeenth Amendment, making them the final class under the old system.

Gains and losses

Republicans gained seven seats:

Democrats gained one seat:

Complete list of races

Separate elections

Date ↑ State Incumbent Party Result Candidates
April 2, 1918 Wisconsin
Special: Class 3		 Paul O. Husting Democratic Incumbent died October 21, 1917
Successor elected
Republican gain		 Irvine Lenroot (Republican)
Joseph E. Davies (Democratic)

November elections

State ↑ Incumbent Party Results Candidates
Alabama John H. Bankhead Democratic Re-elected John H. Bankhead (Democratic), unopposed[2]
Arkansas Joseph Robinson Democratic Re-elected Joseph Robinson (Democratic), unopposed[3]
Colorado John F. Shafroth Democratic Lost re-election
Republican gain		 Lawrence C. Phipps (Republican), 49.49%
John F. Shafroth (Democratic), 47.94%
P. A. Richardson (Prohibition), 2.58%[4]
Delaware Willard Saulsbury, Jr. Democratic Lost re-election
Republican gain		 L. Heisler Ball (Republican), 51.17%
Willard Saulsbury, Jr. (Democratic), 47.83%
William H. Connor (Socialist), 1%[5]
Georgia Thomas W. Hardwick Democratic Lost renomination
Democratic hold		 William J. Harris (Democratic), 88.34%
G. H. Williams (Republican), 11.66%[6]
Idaho
General		 William Borah Republican Re-elected William Borah (Republican), 67.21%
Frank L. Moore (Democratic), 32.79%[7]
Idaho
Special: Class 3		 John F. Nugent Democratic Appointee elected to finish term John F. Nugent (Democratic), 50.5%
Frank R. Gooding (Republican), 49.5%[8]
Illinois J. Hamilton Lewis Democratic Lost re-election
Republican gain		 Joseph M. McCormick (Republican), 50.5%
J. Hamilton Lewis (Democratic), 44.92%
William B. Lloyd (Socialist), 3.91%
John M. Francis (Socialist Labor), 0.34%[9]
Iowa William S. Kenyon Republican Re-elected William S. Kenyon (Republican), 65.4%
Charles Rollin Keyes (Democratic), 34.6%[10]
Kansas William Thompson Democratic Lost re-election
Republican gain		 Arthur Capper (Republican), 63.69%
William Thompson (Democratic), 33.73%
Eva Harding (Socialist), 2.58%[11]
Kentucky George B. Martin Democratic Retired
Democratic hold		 Augustus O. Stanley (Democratic), 50.77%
Ben Bruner (Republican), 49.23%[12]
Louisiana
General		 Joseph E. Ransdell Democratic Re-elected Joseph E. Ransdell (Democratic), unopposed[13]
Louisiana
Special: Class 3		 Walter Guion Democratic Appointee retired when successor elected to finish term
Democratic hold		 Edward James Gay Jr. (Democratic), unopposed[14]
Maine Bert M. Fernald Republican Re-elected Bert M. Fernald (Republican), 55.4%
Earl Newbert (Democratic), 44.6%[15]
Massachusetts John W. Weeks Republican Lost re-election
Democratic gain		 David I. Walsh (Democratic), 49.67%
John W. Weeks (Republican), 45.07%
Thomas W. Lawson (Independent), 5.26%[16]
Michigan William Alden Smith Republican Retired
Republican hold		 Truman Handy Newberry (Republican), 50.19%
Henry Ford (Democratic), 48.47%
E. O. Foss (Socialist), 1.09%
William Faull (Prohibition), 0.26%[17]
Minnesota Knute Nelson Republican Re-elected Knute Nelson (Republican), 60.05%
Willis Calderwood (Nationalist), 39.95%[18]
Mississippi James K. Vardaman Democratic Lost renomination,[19] Pat Harrison (Democratic), 95.04%
Summer W. Rose (Socialist), 4.96%
Democratic hold[20]
Missouri
Special: Class 3		 Xenophon P. Wilfley Democratic Appointee lost nomination to finish term[21]
Republican gain		 Selden P. Spencer (Republican), 52.39%
Joseph W. Folk (Democratic), 46.29%
Caleb Lipscomb (Socialist), 1.16%
William Wesley Cox (Socialist Labor), 0.16%[22]
Montana Thomas J. Walsh Democratic Re-elected Thomas J. Walsh (Democratic), 41.07%
Oscar Lanstrum (Republican), 35.79%
Jeannette Rankin (Nationalist), 23.14%[23]
Nebraska George W. Norris Republican Re-elected George W. Norris (Republican), 54.52%
John H. Morehead (Democratic), 45.49%[24]
Nevada
Special: Class 3		 Charles Henderson Democratic Appointee elected to finish term Charles Henderson (Democratic), 47.71%
Edwin E. Roberts (Republican), 31.5%
Anne Martin (Independent), 18.01%
Martin Scanlan (Socialist), 2.78%[25]
New Hampshire
General		 Henry F. Hollis Democratic Retired
Republican gain		 Henry W. Keyes (Republican), 53.54%
Eugene Elliott Reed (Democratic), 46.46%[26]
New Hampshire
Special: Class 3		 Irving W. Drew Republican Appointee retired when successor elected to finish term
Republican hold		 George H. Moses (Republican), 50.76%
John B. Jameson (Democratic), 49.24%[27]
New Jersey
General		 David Baird Republican Retired
Republican hold		 Walter Evans Edge (Republican), 50.34%
George M. La Monte (Democratic), 43.23%
James M. Reilly (Socialist), 4.14%
Grafton Day (Prohibition), 1.62%
William J. Wallace (Single Tax), 0.66%[28]
New Jersey
Special: Class 2		 David Baird Republican Appointee elected to finish term David Baird (Republican), 49.17%
Charles O. Hennessy (Democratic), 44.64%
James M. Reilly (Socialist), 3.82%
Grafton Day (Prohibition), 2.38%[29]
New Mexico Albert B. Fall Republican Re-elected Albert B. Fall (Republican), 51.4%
William B. Walton (Democratic), 47.48%
W. P. Metcalf (Socialist), 1.12%[30]
North Carolina Furnifold Simmons Democratic Re-elected Furnifold Simmons (Democratic), 60.5%
John M. Morehead (Republican), 39.5%[31]
Oklahoma Robert Latham Owen Democratic Re-elected Robert Latham Owen (Democratic), 55.44%
W. B. Johnson (Republican), 40.73%
C. M. Greenland (Socialist), 3.83%[32]
Oregon
Special		 Charles L. McNary Republican Appointee retired when successor elected to finish term
Republican hold
Winner subsequently resigned so winner of the general election could be appointed early		 Frederick W. Mulkey (Republican), 84.53%
Martha Bean (Socialist), 15.47%

[Data unknown/missing. You can help!][33]

Oregon
General		 Appointee elected to next term
Was subsequently appointed to begin next term early when winner of the special election resigned		 Charles L. McNary (Republican), 54.17%
Oswald West (Democratic), 42.3%
Albert Slaughter (Socialist), 3.53%[34]
Rhode Island LeBaron B. Colt Republican Re-elected LeBaron B. Colt (Republican), 51.76%
George F. O'Shaunessy (Democratic), 46.24%
Frederick W. Hunt (Socialist), 2%[35]
South Carolina
Special		 Christie Benet Democratic Appointee lost election to finish term
Democratic hold		 William P. Pollock (Democratic), unopposed
South Carolina
General		 Appointee lost election to next term
Democratic hold		 Nathaniel B. Dial (Democratic), unopposed
South Dakota Thomas Sterling Republican Re-elected Thomas Sterling (Republican), 55.07%
W. T. Rinehart (Democratic), 38.95%
Orville Rafferty (Independent), 5.98%[36]
Tennessee John K. Shields Democratic Re-elected John K. Shields (Democratic), 62.17%
Henry Clay Evans (Republican), 37.83%[37]
Texas Morris Sheppard Democratic Re-elected Morris Sheppard (Democratic), 86.69%
J. Webster Flanagan (Republican), 12.41%
M. A. Smith (Socialist), 0.9%[38]
Virginia Thomas S. Martin Democratic Re-elected Thomas S. Martin (Democratic), unopposed[39]
West Virginia Nathan Goff, Jr. Republican Retired
Republican hold		 Davis Elkins (Republican), 53.53%
Clarence Wayland Watson (Democratic), 45.4%
D. M. S. Holt (Socialist), 1.06%[40]
Wyoming Francis E. Warren Republican Incumbent re-elected in 1918. Francis E. Warren (Republican), 57.77%
John Eugene Osborne (Democratic), 42.23%[41]

Senate Party Division, 66th Congress (1919–1921)

Majority Party: Republican (49 seats)

Minority Party: Democratic (47 seats)

Other Parties: 0

Total Seats: 96

Source: United States Senate Official Website

Note: These numbers represent composition as result of 1918 Senatorial Elections. Actual composition often changes during term, due to deaths, resignations or party shifting.

Change in Senate composition

Before the elections
D D D D D D D D
D D D D D D D D D D
D D D D D D D D D D
D D D D D D D D D D
D D D D D D D D D D
D D D R R R R R R R
R R R R R R R R R R
R R R R R R R R R R
R R R R R R R R R R
R R R R R R R R
In the next Congress
D D D D D D D D
D D D D D D D D D D
D D D D D D D D D D
D D D D D D D D D D
R D D D D D D D D D
R
R R R R R R R R R
R R R R R R R R R R
R R R R R R R R R R
R R R R R R R R R R
R R R R R R R R
Key:
D =Democratic
R =Republican
Majority
divider

See also

References

  1. ↑ September 9, 1918 in Maine
  2. ↑ http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=3322
  3. ↑ http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=36581
  4. ↑ http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=267963
  5. ↑ http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=267936
  6. ↑ http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=267937
  7. ↑ http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=49597
  8. ↑ http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=267718
  9. ↑ http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=18608
  10. ↑ http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=267938
  11. ↑ http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=267964
  12. ↑ http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=268010
  13. ↑ http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=267970
  14. ↑ http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=267720
  15. ↑ http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=267956
  16. ↑ http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=267966
  17. ↑ http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=268228
  18. ↑ http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=267821
  19. ↑ Street, William B. (March 21, 1965). "The Man Who Invented The Redneck". The Commercial Appeal.
  20. ↑ http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=267973
  21. ↑ http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=381699
  22. ↑ http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=261810
  23. ↑ http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=97655
  24. ↑ http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=267939
  25. ↑ http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=36480
  26. ↑ http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=268008
  27. ↑ http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=267722
  28. ↑ http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=268238
  29. ↑ http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=267723
  30. ↑ http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=267726
  31. ↑ http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=117330
  32. ↑ http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=268218
  33. ↑ http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=268213
  34. ↑ http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=267716
  35. ↑ http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=267825
  36. ↑ http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=268246
  37. ↑ http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=267969
  38. ↑ http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=36607
  39. ↑ http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=267978
  40. ↑ http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=267941
  41. ↑ http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=267942
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