United States Senate elections, 1930

November 4, 1930^[1]

35 of the 96 seats in the United States Senate 49 seats were needed for a majority

	Majority party	Minority party

Leader	James Watson	Joseph Robinson
Party	Republican	Democratic
Leader's seat	Indiana	Arkansas
Last election	56 seats	39 seats
Seats won	48	47
Seat change	8	8

	Third party

Party	Farmer–Labor
Last election	1 seat
Seats before	1
Seats won	1
Seat change

Republican hold

Republican gain

Democratic hold

Democratic gain

Majority Leader before election

James Watson
Republican

Elected Majority Leader

James Watson
Republican

The United States Senate elections of 1930 occurred in the middle of Republican President Herbert Hoover's term. With the Great Depression beginning to take hold, Republican incumbents became unpopular,^[2] and Democrats picked up a net of eight seats, erasing the Republican gains from the previous election cycle. Republicans retained control of the chamber since Vice President Charles Curtis cast the tie-breaking vote.

This was the first of four consecutive Senate elections in the Depression in which Democrats made enormous gains, achieving a cumulative pick-up of 34 seats.

Gains and losses

The Republicans only gained one seat by defeating incumbent Daniel F. Steck (D-IA). The Democrats took open seats in Colorado, Illinois, Massachusetts, and West Virginia, and defeated five incumbents:

Notable freshmen were future Secretaries of State James F. Byrnes (D-SC) and Cordell Hull (D-TN).

Change in Senate composition

Before the elections

D₃₈	D₃₇	D₃₆	D₃₅	D₃₄	D₃₃	D₃₂	D₃₁	D₃₀	D₂₉
		D₁	D₂	D₃	D₄	D₅	D₆	D₇	D₈
D₁₈	D₁₇	D₁₆	D₁₅	D₁₄	D₁₃	D₁₂	D₁₁	D₁₀	D₉
D₁₉	D₂₀	D₂₁	D₂₂	D₂₃	D₂₄	D₂₅	D₂₆	D₂₇	D₂₈
D₃₉	FL₁	R₅₆	R₅₅	R₅₄	R₅₃	R₅₂	R₅₁	R₅₀	R₄₉
Majority →									R₄₈
R₃₉	R₄₀	R₄₁	R₄₂	R₄₃	R₄₄	R₄₅	R₄₆	R₄₇
R₃₈	R₃₇	R₃₆	R₃₅	R₃₄	R₃₃	R₃₂	R₃₁	R₃₀	R₂₉
R₁₉	R₂₀	R₂₁	R₂₂	R₂₃	R₂₄	R₂₅	R₂₆	R₂₇	R₂₈
R₁₈	R₁₇	R₁₆	R₁₅	R₁₄	R₁₃	R₁₂	R₁₁	R₁₀	R₉
		R₁	R₂	R₃	R₄	R₅	R₆	R₇	R₈

Note:

FL₁ (Minnesota seat): Henrik Shipstead (FL) was not up for election in 1930. He was a former Republican who became a Farmer–Laborite in 1922. Although the Farmer–Laborites would later merge with the Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party (in 1944), Shipstead and his contemporaries were not aligned with either major party. He would later rejoin the party in 1940.

Beginning of the next Congress

D₃₈ O	D₃₇ O	D₃₆ O	D₃₅ O	D₃₄ O	D₃₃ √	D₃₂ √	D₃₁ √	D₃₀ √	D₂₉ √
		D₁	D₂	D₃	D₄	D₅	D₆	D₇	D₈
D₁₈	D₁₇	D₁₆	D₁₅	D₁₄	D₁₃	D₁₂	D₁₁	D₁₀	D₉
D₁₉	D₂₀	D₂₁	D₂₂	D₂₃	D₂₄	D₂₅	D₂₆	D₂₇ √	D₂₈ √
D₃₉ +	D₄₀ +	D₄₁ +	D₄₂ +	D₄₃ +	D₄₄ +	D₄₅ +	D₄₆ +	D₄₇ +	FL₁
Majority (with Vice President's vote)→									R₄₈ +
R₃₉ √	R₄₀ √	R₄₁ √	R₄₂ √	R₄₃ √	R₄₄ O	R₄₅ O	R₄₆ O	R₄₇ O
R₃₈ √	R₃₇ √	R₃₆ √	R₃₅ √	R₃₄	R₃₃	R₃₂	R₃₁	R₃₀	R₂₉
R₁₉	R₂₀	R₂₁	R₂₂	R₂₃	R₂₄	R₂₅	R₂₆	R₂₇	R₂₈
R₁₈	R₁₇	R₁₆	R₁₅	R₁₄	R₁₃	R₁₂	R₁₁	R₁₀	R₉
		R₁	R₂	R₃	R₄	R₅	R₆	R₇	R₈

Note:

D₃₄ O (Louisiana seat): Democratic Senator-elect Huey Long chose not to take his Senate seat until January 25, 1932 so he could remain as Governor of Louisiana. The Republicans therefore retained the plurality of seats at the beginning of the next Congress. With Vice President Charles Curtis (R) able to cast tie-breaking votes, the Republicans would have majority control with their 48 of the 96 seats. That slim control was further weakened in the last months of the next Congress with several mid-term seat changes.

Key:

D_#	Democratic
FL_#	Farmer–Labor
R_#	Republican

√	Incumbent re-elected or appointee elected to finish term
O	Party hold: New senator elected from same party
+	Party gain: New senator elected from different party

Complete list of races

All races are for the Class 2 seats unless otherwise indicated. Bold states indicates link to election article.

State	Incumbent	Party	Result	Other candidates
Alabama	James Thomas Heflin	Democratic	Disqualified from primary for supporting Herbert Hoover. Lost general election as an independent Democratic hold	John H. Bankhead II (Democratic) 59.7% James Thomas Heflin (Independent) 40.3%
Arkansas	Joseph Taylor Robinson	Democratic	Re-elected	Joseph Taylor Robinson (Democratic) unopposed
Colorado	Lawrence C. Phipps	Republican	Retired Democratic gain	Edward P. Costigan (Democratic) 55.9% George H. Shaw (Republican) 42.7%
Delaware	Daniel O. Hastings	Republican	Re-elected	Daniel O. Hastings (Republican) 54.5% Thomas F. Bayard, Jr. (Democratic) 45.4%
Georgia	William J. Harris	Democratic	Re-elected	William J. Harris (Democratic) unopposed
Idaho	William Borah	Republican	Re-elected	William Borah (Republican)72.4% Joseph M. Tyler (Democratic) 27.6%
Illinois	Charles S. Deneen	Republican	Lost renomination Democratic gain	James H. Lewis (Democratic) 64.0% Ruth H. McCormick (Republican) 30.7%
Iowa	Daniel F. Steck	Democratic	Lost re-election Republican gain	Lester J. Dickinson (Republican) 56.3% Daniel F. Steck (Democratic) 43.0%
Kansas General (Class 2)	Arthur Capper	Republican	Re-elected	Arthur Capper (Republican)61.1% Jonathan M. Davis (Democratic) 38.9%
Kansas Special (Class 3)	Henry J. Allen	Republican	Appointee lost election to finish term ending March 4, 1933 Democratic gain	George McGill (Democratic) 50.0% Henry J. Allen (Republican) 48.0%
Kentucky Special (Class 2)	John M. Robsion	Republican	Appointee lost election to finish the term ending March 4, 1931 Democratic gain	Ben M. Williamson (Democratic) 52.3% John M. Robsion (Republican) 47.7%^[3]
Kentucky General (Class 2)	John M. Robsion	Appointee lost re-election to term starting March 4, 1931 Democratic gain	M. M. Logan (Democratic) 52.1% John M. Robsion (Republican) 47.9%^[3]
Louisiana	Joseph E. Ransdell	Democratic	Lost renomination Democratic hold	Huey Long (Democratic) unopposed
Maine	Arthur J. Gould	Republican	Retired Republican hold	Wallace H. White, Jr. (Republican) 60.9% Frank W. Haskell (Democratic) 39.1%
Massachusetts	Frederick H. Gillett	Republican	Retired Democratic gain	Marcus A. Coolidge (Democratic) 54.0% William M. Butler (Republican) 44.7%
Michigan	James Couzens	Republican	Re-elected	James Couzens (Republican) 78.2% Thomas A. E. Weadock (Democratic) 20.9%
Minnesota	Thomas D. Schall	Republican	Re-elected	Thomas D. Schall (Republican) 37.6% Einar Hoidale (Democratic) 36.1% Ernest Lundeen (Farmer–Labor) 22.9%
Mississippi	Pat Harrison	Democratic	Re-elected	Pat Harrison (Democratic) unopposed
Montana	Thomas J. Walsh	Democratic	Re-elected	Thomas J. Walsh (Democratic) 60.3% Albert J. Galen (Republican) 37.9%
Nebraska	George W. Norris	Republican	Re-elected	George W. Norris (Republican) 56.8% Gilbert M. Hitchcock (Democratic) 39.7%
New Hampshire	Henry W. Keyes	Republican	Re-elected	Henry W. Keyes (Republican) 57.9% Albert W. Noone (Democratic) 41.9%
New Jersey Special (Class 2)	David Baird, Jr.	Republican	Appointee retired Winner elected to finish the term ending March 4, 1931 Republican hold	Dwight W. Morrow (Republican) 59.1% Alexander Simpson (Democratic) 38.6%^[4]
New Jersey General (Class 2)	David Baird, Jr.	Appointee retired Winner elected to the next term starting March 4, 1931 Republican hold	Dwight W. Morrow (Republican) 58.5% Alexander Simpson (Democratic) 39.0%^[4]
New Mexico	Sam G. Bratton	Democratic	Re-elected	Sam G. Bratton (Democratic) 58.6% Herbert B. Holt (Republican) 41.2%
North Carolina	Furnifold McLendel Simmons	Democratic	Lost renomination Democratic hold	Josiah W. Bailey (Democratic) 60.6% George M. Pritchard (Republican) 39.4%
Ohio Special (Class 3)	Roscoe C. McCulloch	Republican	Appointee lost election to finish term ending March 4, 1933 Democratic gain	Robert J. Bulkley (Democratic) 54.8% Roscoe C. McCulloch (Republican) 45.2%
Oklahoma	William B. Pine	Republican	Lost re-election Democratic gain	Thomas P. Gore (Democratic) 52.3% William B. Pine (Republican) 47.5%
Oregon	Charles L. McNary	Republican	Re-elected	Charles L. McNary (Republican) 58.1% Elton Watkins (Democratic) 27.9% L. A. Banks (Independent) 7.4%
Pennsylvania Special (Class 3)	Joseph R. Grundy	Republican	Appointee lost nomination to finish term ending March 4, 1933 Republican hold	James J. Davis (Republican) 71.5% Sedgwick Kistler (Democratic) 25.6%
Rhode Island	Jesse H. Metcalf	Republican	Re-elected	Jesse H. Metcalf (Republican) 50.3% Peter G. Gerry (Democratic) 49.2%
South Carolina	Coleman Livingston Blease	Democratic	Lost renomination Democratic hold	James F. Byrnes (Democratic) unopposed
South Dakota	William H. McMaster	Republican	Lost re-election Democratic gain	William J. Bulow (Democratic) 51.6% William H. McMaster (Republican) 48.4%
Tennessee	William Emerson Brock	Democratic	Retired Democratic hold	Cordell Hull (Democratic) 71.3% Paul E. Divine (Republican) 27.1%
Texas	Morris Sheppard	Democratic	Re-elected	Morris Sheppard (Democratic) 86.9% D. J. Haesly (Republican) 12.7%
Virginia	Carter Glass	Democratic	Re-elected	Carter Glass (Democratic) 76.7% J. Cloyd Byars (Independent) 17.9% Joe C. Morgan (Socialist) 5.4%
West Virginia	Guy D. Goff	Republican	Retired Democratic gain	Matthew M. Neely (Democratic) 61.9% James E. Jones (Republican) 37.9%
Wyoming Special (Class 2)	Patrick Joseph Sullivan	Republican	Retired Republican hold	Robert D. Carey (Republican) 58.8% Henry H. Schwartz (Democratic) 41.2%^[5]
	Patrick Joseph Sullivan

References

↑ September 8, 1930 in Maine
↑ "Republicans Lay Defeat to Slump". New York Times. November 6, 1930.
1 2
1 2 Our campaigns: Senate Class II – History
↑ Our campaigns: Senate Class II – History

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