United States Senate elections, 1834 and 1835

Dates vary by state

16 of the 48 seats in the United States Senate (plus special elections) 25 seats needed for a majority

	Majority party	Minority party

Party	Anti-Jacksonian	Jacksonian
Last election	23 seats	21 seats
Seats before	26	20
Seats won	6	8
Seats after	24	22
Seat change	2	1
Seats up	8	7

	Third party

Party	Nullifier
Last election	2 seats
Seats before	2
Seats won	1
Seats after	2
Seat change
Seats up	1

Majority party before election

Anti-Jacksonian

Elected Majority party

Anti-Jacksonian

The United States Senate elections of 1834 and 1835 were elections that had the Anti-Jackson coalition maintain control of the United States Senate. However, during the 24th Congress, the Jacksonian coalition gained control of the Senate.

As this election was prior to ratification of the seventeenth amendment, Senators were chosen by State legislatures.

Results summary

Senate Party Division, 24th Congress (1835–1837)

Majority Party: Jacksonian (21–31)
Minority Party: Anti-Jackson (24–19)
Other Parties: Nullifier (2)
Total Seats: 48–52

Change in Senate composition

Before the elections

After the January 20, 1835 special election in Maine.

						AJ₁	AJ₂	AJ₃	AJ₄
AJ₁₄	AJ₁₃	AJ₁₂	AJ₁₁	AJ₁₀	AJ₉	AJ₈	AJ₇	AJ₆	AJ₅
AJ₁₅	AJ₁₆	AJ₁₇	AJ₁₈	AJ₁₉ Ran	AJ₂₀ Ran	AJ₂₁ Ran	AJ₂₂ Ran	AJ₂₃ Unknown	AJ₂₄ Unknown
Majority →									AJ₂₅ Retired
J₁₅ Ran	J₁₆ Ran	J₁₇* Ran	J₁₈ Ran	J₁₉ Ran	J₂₀ Unknown	N₁	N₂ Ran	AJ₂₆ Retired
J₁₄ Ran	J₁₃	J₁₂	J₁₁	J₁₀	J₉	J₈	J₇	J₆	J₅
						J₁	J₂	J₃	J₄

Note:

J₁₇ (Maine class 2 seat): Anti-Jacksonian incumbent resigned January 1, 1835, presumably before the election for the next term. A Jacksonian successor was elected January 20, 1835 to finish the term and for the next term. The seat is therefore labelled as Jacksonian "before the election" in this table.

As a result of the elections

						AJ₁	AJ₂	AJ₃	AJ₄
AJ₁₄	AJ₁₃	AJ₁₂	AJ₁₁	AJ₁₀	AJ₉	AJ₈	AJ₇	AJ₆	AJ₅
AJ₁₅	AJ₁₆	AJ₁₇	AJ₁₈	AJ₁₉ Re-elected	AJ₂₀ Re-elected	AJ₂₁ Re-elected	AJ₂₂ Hold	AJ₂₃ Gain	AJ₂₄* Gain
Plurality →
J₁₅ Re-elected	J₁₆ Re-elected	J₁₇* Re-elected	J₁₈ Re-elected	J₁₉ Gain	J₂₀ Gain	J₂₁ Gain	N₁	N₂ Re-elected	V₁* Loss
J₁₄ Re-elected	J₁₃	J₁₂	J₁₁	J₁₀	J₉	J₈	J₇	J₆	J₅
						J₁	J₂	J₃	J₄

Notes:

AJ₂₄ (Virginia class 1 seat): John Tyler (J) was re-elected as an Anti-Jacksonian.
V₁ (Louisiana class 2 seat): Winner was elected but resigned without having been seated.
J₁₇ (Maine class 2 seat): Anti-Jacksonian incumbent resigned January 1, 1835, presumably before the election for the next term. A Jacksonian successor was elected January 20, 1835 to finish the term and for the next term. The seat is therefore labelled as a Jacksonian "re-election" in this table.

Key:

AJ_#	= Anti-Jacksonian
J_#	= Jacksonian
N_#	= Nullfier
V_#	= Vacant

Race summaries

Special elections during the 23rd Congress

In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1834 or before March 4, 1835; ordered by election date.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Virginia (Class 2)	William Rives	Jacksonian	1832 (Special)	Incumbent resigned February 22, 1834. Successor elected February 26, 1834. Winner was also elected to the next term, see below. Anti-Jacksonian gain.	√ Benjamin W. Leigh (Anti-Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Pennsylvania (Class 3)	William Wilkins	Jacksonian	1832	Incumbent resigned June 30, 1834 to become U.S. Minister to Russia. Winner elected December 6, 1834. Jacksonian hold.	√ James Buchanan (Jacksonian) 66 (49.62%)^[1] Amos Ellmaker (Anti-Jacksonian) 31 (23.31%) James Clarke (Jacksonian) 26 (19.55%) Joseph Lawrence (Anti-Jacksonian) 6 (4.51%) Joel Sutherland (Jacksonian) 1 (0.75%) Not voting 3 (2.26%)
Georgia (Class 3)	John Forsyth	Jacksonian	1829 (Special) 1831	Incumbent resigned June 27, 1834 to become U.S. Minister to Spain. Winner elected January 12, 1835. Jacksonian hold.	√ Alfred Cuthbert (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Maryland (Class 3)	Ezekiel F. Chambers	Anti-Jacksonian	1826 (Special) 1831	Incumbent resigned December 20, 1834 to become judge of the Maryland Court of Appeals. Winner elected January 13, 1835. Anti-Jacksonian hold.	√ Robert Henry Goldsborough (Anti-Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Maine (Class 2)	Peleg Sprague	Anti-Jacksonian	1826 (Special) 1831	Incumbent resigned December 20, 1834 to become judge of the Maryland Court of Appeals. Winner elected January 20, 1835. Winner was also elected to the next term, see below. Jacksonian gain.	√ John Ruggles (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]

Races leading to the 24th Congress

In these general elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1835; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Alabama	William R. King	Jacksonian	1819 1822 1828	Incumbent re-elected in 1834.	√ William R. King (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Delaware	John M. Clayton	Anti-Jacksonian	1827 (Special) 1829	Incumbent re-elected in 1835.	√ John M. Clayton (Anti-Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Georgia	John Pendleton King	Jacksonian	1833 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected in 1834.	√ John Pendleton King (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Illinois	John M. Robinson	Jacksonian	1830 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected in 1835.	√ John M. Robinson (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Kentucky	George M. Bibb	Jacksonian	1829	Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election. Winner elected in 1835. Anti-Jacksonian gain.	√ John J. Crittenden (Anti-Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Louisiana	George A. Waggaman	Anti-Jacksonian	1831 (Special)	Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election. Winner elected in 1835, but due to ill-health, resigned without having been seated. Anti-Jacksonian loss.	√ Charles Gayarré (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Maine	John Ruggles	Jacksonian	1835 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected in 1835	√ John Ruggles (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Massachusetts	Nathaniel Silsbee	Anti-Jacksonian	1826 (Special) 1828	Incumbent retired. Winner elected in 1835. Anti-Jacksonian hold.	√ John Davis (Anti-Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Mississippi	George Poindexter	Anti-Jacksonian	1830 (Appointed) ? (Special)	Incumbent lost re-election. Winner elected in 1835. Jacksonian gain.	√ Robert J. Walker (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
New Hampshire	Samuel Bell	Anti-Jacksonian	1823	Incumbent retired. Winner elected in 1835. Jacksonian gain.	√ Henry Hubbard (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
New Jersey	Theodore Frelinghuysen	Anti-Jacksonian	1828	Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election. Winner elected in 1835. Jacksonian gain.	√ Garret D. Wall (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
North Carolina	Bedford Brown	Jacksonian	1829 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected in 1835.	√ Bedford Brown (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Rhode Island	Nehemiah R. Knight	Anti-Jacksonian	1821 (Special) 1823 1829	Incumbent re-elected in 1835.	√ Nehemiah R. Knight (Anti-Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
South Carolina	John C. Calhoun	Nullifier	1832 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected in 1834.	√ John C. Calhoun (Nullifier) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Tennessee	Hugh Lawson White	Jacksonian	1825 (Special) 1829	Incumbent re-elected in 1835 as Anti-Jacksonian. Anti-Jacksonian gain.	√ Hugh Lawson White (Anti-Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Virginia	Benjamin W. Leigh	Anti-Jacksonian	1834 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected in 1835.	√ Benjamin W. Leigh (Anti-Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]

Special elections during the 24th Congress

In this special election, the winner was seated in 1835 after March 4; ordered by election date.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Connecticut (Class 1)	Nathan Smith	Anti-Jacksonian	1832	Incumbent died December 6, 1835. Successor elected December 21, 1835. Jacksonian gain.	√ John M. Niles (Jacksonian) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]

References

↑ "U.S. Senate Election - 6 December 1834" (PDF). Wilkes University. Retrieved December 22, 2013.

Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov

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