United States Senate elections, 1892 and 1893
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The United States Senate elections of 1892 and 1893 were elections which, corresponding with former Democratic President Grover Cleveland's return to power, had the Republican Party lose nine seats in the United States Senate and lose its majority to the Democratic Party. The Democratic majority, however, was minimal and didn't last past the next Congress.
As these elections were prior to ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment, Senators were chosen by State legislatures.
Results summary
Senate Party Division, 53rd Congress (1893–1895)
- Majority Party: Democratic (43)
- Minority Party: Republican (38)
- Other Parties: Populist (3); Silver (1)
- Total Seats: 88
- Vacant: 3
Change in Senate composition
Before the elections
D1 | D2 | D3 | D4 | ||||||
D14 | D13 | D12 | D11 | D10 | D9 | D8 | D7 | D6 | D5 |
D15 | D16 | D17 | D18 | D19 | D20 | D21 | D22 | D23 | D24 |
D34 Ran |
D33 Ran |
D32 Ran |
D31 Ran |
D30 Ran |
D29 | D28 | D27 | D26 | D25 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
D35 Ran |
D36 Ran |
D37 Ran |
D38 Unknown |
D39 Unknown |
D40 Retired |
P1 | P2 | R46 Retired |
R45 Retired |
Majority → | R44 Retired | ||||||||
R35 Ran |
R36 Ran |
R37 Ran |
R38 Ran |
R39 Ran |
R40 Ran |
R41 Unknown |
R42 Unknown |
R43 Retired | |
R34 Ran |
R33 Ran |
R32 Ran |
R31 Ran |
R30 Ran |
R29 Ran |
R28 | R27 | R26 | R25 |
R15 | R16 | R17 | R18 | R19 | R20 | R21 | R22 | R23 | R24 |
R14 | R13 | R12 | R11 | R10 | R9 | R8 | R7 | R6 | R5 |
R1 | R2 | R3 | R4 |
Result of the elections
D1 | D2 | D3 | D4 | ||||||
D14 | D13 | D12 | D11 | D10 | D9 | D8 | D7 | D6 | D5 |
D15 | D16 | D17 | D18 | D19 | D20 | D21 | D22 | D23 | D24 |
D34 Ran |
D33 Ran |
D32 Ran |
D31 Ran |
D30 Ran |
D29 | D28 | D27 | D26 | D25 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
D35 Ran |
D36 Ran |
D37 Ran |
D38 Unknown |
D39 Unknown |
D30 Retired |
D41 Gain |
D42 Gain |
V1 D loss |
V2 R loss |
Majority with vacancies → | D43 Gain |
V3 R loss | |||||||
R35 Ran |
R36 Ran |
R37 Ran |
SR1 Gain |
P1 | P2 | P3 Gain |
V4 R loss | ||
R34 Ran |
R33 Ran |
R32 Ran |
R31 Ran |
R30 Ran |
R29 Ran |
R28 | R27 | R26 | R25 |
R15 | R16 | R17 | R18 | R19 | R20 | R21 | R22 | R23 | R24 |
R14 | R13 | R12 | R11 | R10 | R9 | R8 | R7 | R6 | R5 |
R1 | R2 | R3 | R4 |
Beginning of the next Congress
D1 | D2 | D3 | D4 | ||||||
D14 | D13 | D12 | D11 | D10 | D9 | D8 | D7 | D6 | D5 |
D15 | D16 | D17 | D18 | D19 | D20 | D21 | D22 | D23 | D24 |
D34 | D33 | D32 | D31 | D30 | D29 | D28 | D27 | D26 | D25 |
D35 | D36 | D37 | D38 | D39 | D40 | D41 | D42 | D43 | V1 |
Majority with vacancies → | V2 | ||||||||
R35 | R36 | R37 | SR1 | P1 | P2 | P3 | D44 Gain |
V3 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
R34 | R33 | R32 | R31 | R30 | R29 | R28 | R27 | R26 | R25 |
R15 | R16 | R17 | R18 | R19 | R20 | R21 | R22 | R23 | R24 |
R14 | R13 | R12 | R11 | R10 | R9 | R8 | R7 | R6 | R5 |
R1 | R2 | R3 | R4 |
Key: |
|
---|
Race summaries
Elections during the 52nd Congress
In these elections the winners were seated during the 52nd Congress in 1892 or in 1893 before March 4; ordered by election date.
State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
Maryland (Class 3) |
Charles Hopper Gibson | Democratic | 1891 (Appointed) | Interim appointee elected January 21, 1892.[1] | √ Charles Hopper Gibson (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
Texas (Class 1) |
Horace Chilton | Democratic | 1891 (Appointed) | Interim appointee lost election to finish the term. New senator elected March 22, 1892. Democratic hold. |
√ Roger Q. Mills (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
Vermont (Class 1) |
Redfield Proctor | Republican | 1891 (Appointed) | Interim appointee elected October 19, 1892.[2] | √ Redfield Proctor (Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
West Virginia (Class 2) |
John E. Kenna | Democratic | 1883 1889 |
Incumbent died January 11, 1893. New senator elected January 25, 1893. Democratic hold. |
√ Johnson N. Camden (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
Kentucky (Class 2) |
John G. Carlisle | Democratic | 1890 (Special) | Incumbent resigned February 4, 1893. New senator elected February 15, 1893.[3][4] Democratic hold. |
√ William Lindsay (Democratic) 79 votes Augustus E. Willson 17 votes[3] |
In this election, the winner was seated in the 53rd Congress, starting March 4, 1893.
State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
Kansas (Class 2) |
Bishop W. Perkins | Republican | 1892 (Appointed) | Interim appointee retired. New senator elected on January 25, 1893 but didn't qualify until the next Congress on March 4, 1893. Democratic gain. |
√ John Martin (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
In this election, the winner was seated in the 54th Congress, starting March 4, 1895.
State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
Mississippi (Class 2) |
Edward C. Walthall | Democratic | 1885 (Appointed) 1886 (Special) 1889 |
Incumbent re-elected early on January 20, 1892 for the term beginning 1895. Walthall, however, had already been re-elected to next term.[5] |
√ Edward C. Walthall (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
Races leading to the 53rd Congress
In these general elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1893; ordered by state.
All of the elections involved the Class 1 seats.
State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
California | Charles N. Felton | Republican | 1891 (Special) | Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1893. Democratic gain. |
√ Stephen M. White (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
Connecticut | Joseph Roswell Hawley | Republican | 1881 1887 |
Incumbent re-elected in 1893. | √ Joseph Roswell Hawley (Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
Delaware | George Gray | Democratic | 1885 (Special) 1887 |
Incumbent re-elected in 1893. | √ George Gray (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
Florida | Samuel Pasco | Democratic | 1887 | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. Legislature failed to elect. Democratic loss. Incumbent was later appointed and then elected, see below. |
[Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
Indiana | David Turpie | Democratic | 1863 (Special) 1863 (Retired) 1887 |
Incumbent re-elected in 1893. | √ David Turpie (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
Maine | Eugene Hale | Republican | 1881 1887 |
Incumbent re-elected in 1893. | √ Eugene Hale (Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
Maryland | Arthur P. Gorman | Democratic | 1880 1886 |
Incumbent re-elected in 1892. | √ Arthur P. Gorman (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
Massachusetts | Henry L. Dawes | Republican | 1863 1887 |
Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1893. Republican hold. |
√ Henry Cabot Lodge (Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
Michigan | Francis B. Stockbridge | Republican | 1887 | Incumbent re-elected in 1893. | √ Francis B. Stockbridge (Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
Minnesota | Cushman Davis | Republican | 1886 | Incumbent re-elected in 1892. | √ Cushman Davis (Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
Mississippi | James Z. George | Democratic | 1880 1886 |
Incumbent re-elected January 20, 1892.[5] | √ James Z. George (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
Missouri | Francis Cockrell | Democratic | 1874 1881 1887 |
Incumbent re-elected January 18, 1893.[6] | √ Francis Cockrell (Democratic) Chauncey I. Filley (Republican)[7] |
Montana | Wilbur F. Sanders | Republican | 1890 | Incumbent lost re-election. Legislature failed to elect. Republican loss. |
Wilbur F. Sanders (Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
Nebraska | Algernon S. Paddock | Republican | 1875 1880 (Lost re-election) 1886 |
Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1893. Populist gain. |
√ William V. Allen (Populist) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
Nevada | William Stewart | Republican | 1887 | Incumbent re-elected as a Silver Republican in 1893. Silver Republican gain. |
√ William Morris Stewart (Silver Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
New Jersey | Rufus Blodgett | Democratic | 1886 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 24, 1893.[8] Democratic hold. |
√ James Smith Jr. (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
New York | Frank Hiscock | Republican | 1887 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected January 18, 1893. Democratic gain. |
√ Edward Murphy, Jr. (Democratic) Frank Hiscock (Republican) Whitelaw Reid (Republican) |
North Dakota | Lyman R. Casey | Republican | 1889 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected in February 1893.[9] Democratic gain. |
√ William N. Roach (Democratic) Lyman R. Casey (Republican) John D. Benton (Democratic) Walter Muir (Independent) |
Ohio | John Sherman | Republican | 1861 (Special) 1866 1872 1877 (Resigned) 1881 1886 |
Incumbent re-elected in 1892. | √ John Sherman (Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
Pennsylvania | Matthew Quay | Republican | 1887 | Incumbent re-elected January 17, 1893. | √ Matthew Quay (Republican) 64.96% George Ross (Democratic) 31.50% Others, see below |
Rhode Island | Nelson W. Aldrich | Republican | 1881 (Special) 1886 |
Incumbent re-elected in 1892. | √ Nelson W. Aldrich (Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
Tennessee | Washington C. Whitthorne | Democratic | 1887 | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost renomination. New senator elected in 1893. Democratic hold. |
√ William B. Bate (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
Texas | Roger Q. Mills | Democratic | 1892 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected in 1893. | √ Roger Q. Mills (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
Vermont | Redfield Proctor | Republican | 1891 (Appointed) 1892 (Special) |
Incumbent re-elected in 1892. | √ Redfield Proctor (Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
Virginia | John W. Daniel | Democratic | 1887 | Incumbent re-elected in 1893. | √ John W. Daniel (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
Washington | John B. Allen | Republican | 1889 | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. Legislature failed to elect. Republican loss. |
[Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
West Virginia | Charles J. Faulkner | Democratic | 1887 | Incumbent re-elected in 1893. | √ Charles J. Faulkner (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
Wisconsin | Philetus Sawyer | Republican | 1887 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1893. Democratic gain. |
√ John L. Mitchell (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
Wyoming | Francis E. Warren | Republican | 1890 | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. Legislature failed to elect. Republican loss. |
[Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
Elections during the 53rd Congress
In these elections, the winners were elected in 1893 after March 4, and seated in the 53rd Congress.
State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
Florida (Class 1) |
Samuel Pasco | Democratic | 1887 1893 (Legislature failed to elect) 1893 (Appointed) |
Interim appointee elected April 20, 1893. | √ Samuel Pasco (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
Virginia (Class 2) |
Eppa Hunton | Democratic | 1892 (Appointed) | Interim appointee elected December 19, 1893.[10][11] | √ Eppa Hunton (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
In this election, the winner was seated in the 54th Congress, starting March 4, 1895.
State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
Virginia (Class 2) |
Eppa Hunton | Democratic | 1892 (Appointed) | Incumbent retired. New senator elected early on December 19, 1893 for the term beginning 1895.[11] Democratic hold. |
√ Thomas S. Martin (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
Complete list of races
New York
The New York election was held on January 18, 1893, by the New York State Legislature.
Republican Frank Hiscock had been elected to this seat in 1887, and his term would expire on March 3, 1893.
At the controversial State election in November 1891, 17 Democrats, 14 Republicans and 1 Independent were elected for a two-year term (1892-1893) in the State Senate. This was the only time a Democratic majority was seated in the State Senate between 1874 and 1910. At the State election in November 1892, 74 Democrats and 54 Republicans were elected for the session of 1893 to the Assembly. The 116th New York State Legislature met from January 3 to April 20, 1893, at Albany, New York.
The Democratic caucus met on January 10. 90 State legislators attended, only Assemblyman John Cooney, of Brooklyn, was absent due to illness. State Senator Amasa J. Parker, Jr. presided. Edward Murphy, Jr., a wealthy brewer of Troy, and Chairman of the Democratic State Committee, was nominated by a large majority. The New York Times had suggested earlier to nominate Carl Schurz, a former Republican U.S. Senator from Missouri and U.S. Secretary of the Interior, who lived now in New York City,[12] but the political machines of upstate boss David B. Hill and Tammany Hall chose a loyal party machine man rather than an Ex-Republican advocate of civil service reform. Even President-elect Grover Cleveland had voiced his disapproval of Murphy, to no avail.[13]
Candidate | First ballot |
---|---|
√ Edward Murphy, Jr. | 85 |
W. Bourke Cockran | 5 |
The Republican caucus met on January 11. State Senator Thomas Hunter presided. They re-nominated the incumbent U.S. Senator Frank Hiscock by acclamation.
Edward Murphy, Jr., was the choice of both the Assembly and the State Senate, and was declared elected. State Senator James T. Edwards (32nd D.), of Randolph, voted for the defeated Republican vice presidential candidate of 1892, Whitelaw Reid.
House | Democratic | Republican | Republican | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
State Senate (32 members) |
√ Edward Murphy, Jr. | 17 | Frank Hiscock | 12 | Whitelaw Reid | 1 |
State Assembly (128 members) |
√ Edward Murphy, Jr. | 73 | Frank Hiscock | 52 |
Note: The votes were cast on January 17, but both Houses met in a joint session on January 18 to compare nominations, and declare the result.
When Murphy took his seat, for the first time since 1849 New York was represented by two Democrats in the U.S. Senate. Murphy served a single term, remaining in the U.S. Senate until March 3, 1899. In January 1899, Murphy was defeated for re-election by Republican Chauncey M. Depew.
Pennsylvania
The election in Pennsylvania was held January 17, 1893. Incumbent Matthew Quay was re-elected by the Pennsylvania General Assembly.[14]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | Matthew Quay (Inc.) | 165 | 64.96 | |
Democratic | George Ross | 80 | 31.50 | |
Republican | John Dalzell | 1 | 0.39 | |
Democratic | William F. Harrity | 1 | 0.39 | |
Democratic | William Mutchler | 1 | 0.39 | |
N/A | Not voting | 6 | 2.36 | |
Totals | 254 | 100.00% |
See also
References
- ↑ Byrd, p. 121.
- ↑ Byrd, p. 175.
- 1 2 Kleber, John E. The Kentucky Encyclopedia. p. 558.
- ↑ Byrd, p. 110.
- 1 2 "GEORGE AND WALTHALL ELECTED.". The New York Times. January 20, 1892.
- ↑ [sic]: "WILLL STIL REPRESENT MISSOURI. FRANCIS M. COCKRELL ELECTED ON THE FIRST BALLOT.". The New York Times. January 18, 1893. p. 5.
- ↑ Cleveland, John Fitch; McPherson, Edward. The Tribune Almanac and Political Register. New York: The Tribune Association. p. 88.
- ↑ "THE RESULT IN NEW-JERSEY.; ELECTION OF JAMES SMITH, JR., THE DEMOCRATIC NOMINEE". The New York Times. January 25, 1893. p. 5.
- ↑ "Eriksmoen: N.D. Democrat slipped into Senate". The Bismarck Tribune. May 10, 2008.
- ↑ Byrd, p. 180.
- 1 2 ""TWO VIRGINIA SENATORS ELECTED"". The New York Times. December 20, 1893.
- ↑ "MR. SCHURZ FOR SENATOR.; HIS ELECTION WOULD BE A GREAT GAIN TO THE STATE AND THE NATION". The New York Times. November 27, 1892.
- ↑ "MURPHY NOT A FIT MAN; MR. CLEVELAND'S VIEWS UPON THE NEW-YORK SENATORSHIP". The New York Times. December 28, 1892.
- 1 2 "U.S. Senate Election - 17 January 1893" (PDF). Wilkes University. Retrieved December 23, 2012.
- ↑ "PA US Senate - 1893". OurCampaigns. Retrieved December 22, 2012.
- "Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present". via Senate.gov.
- Byrd, Robert C. (October 1, 1993). Wolff, Wendy, ed. "The Senate, 1789-1989: Historical Statistics, 1789-1992". United States Senate Historical Office (volume 4 Bicentennial ed.). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
- Cox, Harold (January 31, 2007). "Pennsylvania Election Statistics: 1682-2006". The Wilkes University Election Statistics Project. Wilkes University.
- "STATESMEN OUT OF FASHION.; BREWER MURPHY OF TROY NOMINATED FOR SENATOR". The New York Times. January 11, 1893.
- "SENATOR HISCOCK'S "EMPTY HONOR"". The New York Times. January 12, 1893.
- "EDWARD MURPHY ELECTED". The New York Times. January 18, 1893.