United States Senate elections, 1816 and 1817

Dates vary by state

12 of the 36 seats in the United States Senate (plus special elections) 19 seats needed for a majority

	Majority party	Minority party

Party	Democratic-Republican	Federalist
Last election	26 seats	11 seats
Seats before	23	12
Seats won	9	3
Seats after	25	13
Seat change	2	1
Seats up	9	2

Majority party before election

Democratic-Republican

Elected Majority party

Democratic-Republican

The United States Senate elections of 1816 and 1817 were elections for the United States Senate that had the Democratic-Republican Party gain a net of two seats from the admission of a new state, and which coincided with the presidential election.

As these elections were prior to ratification of the seventeenth amendment, Senators were chosen by state legislatures.

Results summary

Senate Party Division, 15th Congress (1817–1819)

Majority Party: Democratic-Republican (25–28)
Minority Party: Federalist (13–12)
Total Seats: 38–42

Change in Senate composition

Before the elections

Composition after June 12, 1816 election in Massachusetts.

DR₈	DR₇	DR₆	DR₅	DR₄	DR₃	DR₂	DR₁
DR₉	DR₁₀	DR₁₁	DR₁₂	DR₁₃	DR₁₄	DR₁₅	DR₁₆	DR₁₇	DR₁₈
Majority →									DR₁₉
F₉	F₁₀	F₁₁	F₁₂	V₁	DR₂₃	DR₂₂	DR₂₁	DR₂₀
F₈	F₇	F₆	F₅	F₄	F₃	F₂	F₁

Beginning of the next Congress

DR₉	DR₈	DR₇	DR₆	DR₅	DR₄	DR₃	DR₂	DR₁
DR₁₀	DR₁₁	DR₁₂	DR₁₃	DR₁₄	DR₁₅* Gain	DR₁₆* Gain	DR₁₇* Re-elected	DR₁₈ Hold	DR₁₉ Hold
Majority →									DR₂₀ Hold
F₁₀	F₁₁ Hold	F₁₂ Gain	F₁₃ Gain	DR₂₅ Gain	DR₂₄ Gain	DR₂₃ Hold	DR₂₂ Hold	DR₂₁ Hold
F₉	F₈	F₇	F₆	F₅	F₄	F₃	F₂	F₁

Note:

DR₁₅ and DR₁₆ (Indiana seats): The new state of Indiana elected two Democratic-Republicans to the new seats on December 11, 1816.
DR₁₇ (Tennessee seat): Legislature failed to elect, then the incumbent was appointed to start the term.

Key:

DR_#	Democratic-Republican
F_#	Federalist
V_#	Vacant

Race summaries

Bold states link to specific election articles.

Special elections during the preceding Congress

In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1816 or before March 4, 1817; ordered by election date.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Virginia (Class 2)	Vacant			William B. Giles (DR) had resigned March 3, 1815. Winner elected January 3, 1816 despite being unqualified to serve due to young age. Democratic-Republican gain.	√ Armistead Mason (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Maryland (Class 1)	Vacant			The Maryland General Assembly failed to elect in time for the March 4, 1815 beginning of the term. Winner elected January 29, 1816. Federalist gain.	√ Robert Harper (Federalist) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Massachusetts (Class 1)	Christopher Gore	Federalist	1813 (Appointed) 1815 (Special)	Incumbent resigned May 30, 1816, unhappy with the politics of Washington and suffering from poor health. Winner elected June 12, 1816. Federalist hold.	√ Eli P. Ashmun (Federalist) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Georgia (Class 2)	William Wyatt Bibb	Democratic-Republican	1813 (Special)	Incumbent resigned November 9, 1816. Winner elected November 13, 1816. Winner was also elected to the next term, see below. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ George M. Troup (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
North Carolina (Class 2)	James Turner	Democratic-Republican	1804 1810	Incumbent resigned November 21, 1816 due to ill health. Winner elected December 4, 1816. Winner was also elected to the next term, see below. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ Montfort Stokes (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
South Carolina (Class 2)	John Taylor	Democratic-Republican	1810 (Special) 1810	Incumbent resigned November 1816. Winner elected December 4, 1816. Winner was also elected to the next term, see below. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ William Smith (Federalist) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Kentucky	Martin D. Hardin	Federalist	1814 (Appointed)	Incumbent appointee elected December 5, 1816.	√ Martin D. Hardin (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Indiana (Class 1)	New seat			Indiana was admitted to the Union December 11, 1816. Winner elected that day. Democratic-Republican gain.	√ James Noble (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Indiana (Class 3)	New seat			Indiana was admitted to the Union December 11, 1816. Winner elected that day. Democratic-Republican gain.	√ Waller Taylor (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Maryland (Class 1)	Robert Goodloe Harper	Federalist	1816 (Special)	Incumbent resigned December 6, 1816. Winner elected December 20, 1816. Federalist hold.	√ Alexander Hanson (Federalist) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]

Races leading to the next Congress

In these general elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1817; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Delaware	William H. Wells	Federalist	1799 (Special) 1799 1804 (Resigned) 1813 (Special)	Incumbent retired. Winner elected in 1817. Federalist hold.	√ Nicholas Van Dyke [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Georgia	William Wyatt Bibb	Democratic-Republican	1813 (Special)	Resigned November 9, 1816. Winner elected November 13, 1816. Winner was also elected to finish the previous term, see above. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ George M. Troup (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Kentucky	Martin D. Hardin	Federalist	November 13, 1816 (Appointed) 1816 (Special)^[1]	Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election. Winner elected in 1817. Democratic-Republican gain.	√ John J. Crittenden (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Louisiana	James Brown	Democratic-Republican	1813 (Special)	Incumbent lost re-election. Winner elected in 1816 or 1817. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ William C. C. Claiborne (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Massachusetts	Joseph Bradley Varnum	Democratic-Republican	1811	Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election. Winner elected in 1816 or 1817. Federalist gain.	√ Harrison Gray Otis (Federalist) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
New Hampshire	Thomas W. Thompson	Federalist	1814 (Special)	Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election. Winner elected in 1816 or 1817. Democratic-Republican gain.	√ David L. Morril (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
New Jersey	John Condit	Democratic-Republican	1809 (Special) 1810	Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election. Winner elected in 1816 or 1817. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ Mahlon Dickerson (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
North Carolina	James Turner	Democratic-Republican	1804 1810	Resigned November 21, 1816 due to ill health. Winner elected December 4, 1816. Winner was also elected to finish the previous term, see above. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ Montfort Stokes (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Rhode Island	Jeremiah Howell	Democratic-Republican	1810	Incumbent retired. Winner elected in 1816 or 1817. Federalist gain.	√ James Burrill, Jr. (Federalist) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
South Carolina	John Taylor	Democratic-Republican	1810 (Special) 1810	Incumbent resigned November 1816. Winner elected December 4, 1816. Winner was also elected to the previous term, see above. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ William Smith (Federalist) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Tennessee	John Williams	Democratic-Republican	1815 (Special)	Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election. Legislature failed to elect. Incumbent was then appointed to start the term. Democratic-Republican loss.	John Williams (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Virginia	Armistead T. Mason	Democratic-Republican	1816 (Special)	Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election, but he was an unsuccessful candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives. Winner elected in 1816 or 1817. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ John W. Eppes^[2] (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]

Special elections during the next Congress

In these special elections, the winners were elected in 1817 after March 4; ordered by election date.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Tennessee (Class 2)	John Williams	Democratic-Republican	1815 (Special)	Legislature had failed to elect and the incumbent was then appointed to start the term. Incumbent was then re-elected October 2, 1817 to complete the term.	√ John Williams (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
New Hampshire (Class 3)	Jeremiah Mason	Federalist	1813 (Special)	Incumbent resigned June 16, 1817. Winner elected June 27, 1817. Democratic-Republican gain.	√ Clement Storer (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Vermont (Class 3)	Dudley Chase	Democratic-Republican	1813	Resgined November 3, 1817. Winner elected November 4, 1817. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ James Fisk (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Mississippi (Class 1)	New state			Mississippi was admitted as a new state. Winner elected December 10, 1817. Democratic-Republican gain.	√ Walter Leake (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Mississippi (Class 2)	New state			Mississippi was admitted as a new state. Winner elected December 10, 1817. Democratic-Republican gain.	√ Thomas Williams (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]

References

↑ Byrd, page 110.
↑ "VA US Senate". Our Campaigns. January 11, 2008. Retrieved March 16, 2015.

Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov
Byrd, Robert C. (October 1, 1993). Wolff, Wendy, ed. "The Senate, 1789-1989: Historical Statistics, 1789-1992". United States Senate Historical Office (volume 4 Bicentennial ed.). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

United States Senate elections

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