Voiceless epiglottal trill
| Voiceless pharyngeal trill (voiceless epiglottal fricative) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ʜ | |||
| IPA number | 172 | ||
| Encoding | |||
| Entity (decimal) |
ʜ | ||
| Unicode (hex) | U+029C | ||
| X-SAMPA |
H\ | ||
| Braille |
  | ||
| |||
| Sound | |||
 source · help | |||
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The voiceless epiglottal or pharyngeal trill, also analyzed as a fricative,[1] is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ʜ⟩, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is H\.
Features
Features of the voiceless epiglottal trill/fricative:
- Its manner of articulation is trill, which means it is produced by directing air over the articulator so that it vibrates.
- Its place of articulation is epiglottal, which means it is articulated with the aryepiglottic folds against the epiglottis.
- Its phonation is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords. In some languages the vocal cords are actively separated, so it is always voiceless; in others the cords are lax, so that it may take on the voicing of adjacent sounds.
- It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
- Because the sound is not produced with airflow over the tongue, the central–lateral dichotomy does not apply.
- The airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the lungs and diaphragm, as in most sounds.
Occurrence
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agul[2] | [mɛʜ] | 'whey' | |||
| Arabic[3] | Iraqi[4] | Corresponds to /ħ/ (ح) in Standard Arabic. See Arabic phonology | |||
| Chechen | хьо | /ʜʷɔ/ | 'you' | ||
| Dahalo | [ʜaːɗo] | 'arrow' | |||
| Haida | x̱ants | [ʜʌnts] | 'shadow' | ||
See also
References
- ↑ John Esling (2010) "Phonetic Notation", in Hardcastle, Laver & Gibbon (eds) The Handbook of Phonetic Sciences, 2nd ed., p 695.
- ↑ Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996:167–168)
- ↑ Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996:167–168)
- ↑ Zeki Hassan, John Esling, Scott Moisik, & lise Crevier-Buchman (2011) "Aryepiglottic trilled variants of /ʕ, ħ/ in Iraqi Arabic". Proceedings of the 17th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences (pp. 831–834), Hong Kong.
Bibliography
- Ladefoged, Peter; Maddieson, Ian (1996), The sounds of the World's Languages, Oxford: Blackwell, ISBN 0-631-19815-6
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