Kyushu Shinkansen

Kyushu Shinkansen
800 Series Shinkansen Tsubame at Shin-Minamata Station
Overview
Native name	九州新幹線
Type	Shinkansen
Locale	Kyushu
Termini	Hakata Kagoshima-Chūō
Stations	12
Operation
Opened	2004
Owner	JR Kyushu
Operator(s)	JR Kyushu JR West
Depot(s)	Kumamoto Sendai
Rolling stock	800 series N700-7000/8000 series
Technical
Line length	256.8 km (159.6 mi)
Track gauge	1,435 mm (4 ft 8 ^1⁄2 in)
Electrification	25 kV AC, 60 Hz overhead catenary
Operating speed	260 km/h (160 mph)
Route map

The Kyushu Shinkansen (九州新幹線 Kyūshū Shinkansen) is a Japanese high-speed railway line between the Japanese cities of Fukuoka (Hakata) and Kagoshima in Kyushu (and an extension of the Sanyo Shinkansen from Honshu), running parallel to the existing Kagoshima Main Line and operated by the Kyushu Railway Company (JR Kyushu). The southern 127 km (79 mi) was constructed first because the equivalent section of the former Kagoshima Main Line is single track, and thus a significant improvement in transit time was gained when this (dual track) section opened on 13 March 2004, despite the need for passengers to change to a Relay Tsubame narrow gauge train at Shin-Yatsushiro for the remainder of the journey to Hakata. The northern 130 km (81 mi) section opened on 12 March 2011 (although opening ceremonies were canceled due to the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami), enabling through-services to Shin-Osaka (and with a change of train, Tokyo).^[1]

The construction of the first section (from Takeo-Onsen to Isahaya) of the West Kyushu Shinkansen route to Nagasaki, approximately 45.7 km (28.4 mi) in length, began in 2008, with construction of the 21 km (13 mi) section from Isahaya to Nagasaki commencing in 2012. The entire line is due to open by March 2023,.^[2][3] Service was proposed to be provided by Gauge Change Train (GCT) trainsets (which are designed to operate on both existing narrow gauge lines and standard gauge Shinkansen lines), however technical issues with the bogies is likely to delay CGT introduction until 2025, and initial service options are now being investigated, such as a 'relay' service.^[4]

Kagoshima Route

Construction of the Kagoshima Route (鹿児島ルート) began in 1991, and the first segment between Kagoshima and Shin-Yatsushiro opened on 13 March 2004. This initial section cut travel times between the two cities from 130 minutes to 35 minutes, and reduced the time between Hakata and Kagoshima from 4 hours to 2 hours. When the entire line was completed, the travel time from Hakata to Kagoshima was further reduced to about an hour and 20 minutes. Like all Shinkansen lines, the Kyushu Shinkansen is standard gauge.

The line's Sakura and Mizuho services operate through to Shin-Osaka Station via the Sanyō Shinkansen.

In September 2011, six months after the line's completion, JR Kyushu reported a year-over-year increase in ridership of 64 percent to the southern part of Kyushu (between Kumamoto and Kagoshima), easily surpassing the 40 percent increase projected by the company. By the one-year anniversary, ridership had increased, mainly from tourists from Kansai and Chugoku.^[5] However, in northern Kyushu, where there is fierce competition with conventional JR rapid service, the private Nishi-Nippon Railroad, and expressway buses, Shinkansen ridership increased by only 38 percent (compared to the now-discontinued conventional express Relay Tsubame), falling short of estimates.^[6]

2016 Kumamoto earthquakes

On the evening of 14 April 2016, the entire length of the Kagoshima Route was shut down after the first of two powerful earthquakes struck Kumamoto prefecture. There was extensive damage along the route, including cracks in elevated support structures at 25 locations^[7] and collapsed sound insulation walls at around 80 locations.^[8]

A Series 800 consist that was deadheading derailed near Kumamoto Station after the first tremor. On 18 April, JR Kyushu began attempts to return the derailed train to the tracks.^[7]

On 27 April the line reopened with reduced speed and service frequency. ^[9]

Nagasaki (West Kyushu) Route

A Shinkansen line from Fukuoka to Nagasaki, initially known as the Nagasaki Shinkansen (長崎新幹線), was laid out in the 1973 Basic Plan. Renamed as the Nagasaki Route (長崎ルート), then changed to the West Kyushu Route (西九州ルート Nishi Kyūshū rūto) in 1995, the planning of the line had been slowed down by concerns over the necessity of duplicating the existing narrow-gauge Nagasaki Main Line and Sasebo Line between Shin-Tosu and Takeo-Onsen, and local opposition over the final section in Nagasaki city.^[10]

The current plan is to continue using the existing narrow gauge track from Shin-Tosu to Takeo-Onsen (including duplicating the 12.8 km (8.0 mi) Hizen Yamaguchi to Takeo-Onsen section) and build a new Shinkansen line from Takeo-Onsen to Nagasaki. Initially proposed to be operated by Gauge Change Trains (GCT) from opening,^[11] technical issues with the development of the GCT has required consideration of other options.^[4] The GCT was expected to allow a travel time of around 1 hour 12 minutes between the two cities, versus 1 hour 45 minutes currently, however with its introduction now delayed until at least 2025, options such as "relay" services are being considered. If the entire route was constructed to Shinkansen standard, travel time would be 41 minutes.^[12]

Construction of the first 45.7 km (28.4 mi) segment between Takeo-Onsen and Isahaya began on 28 April 2008. Debate over the final section between Isahaya and Nagasaki continued for several years, before construction was finally approved by the government in December 2011.^[10][13] The scheduled completion date is 2023.^[14]

Other planned routes

According to the Shinkansen Basic Plan laid out in 1973, the Kagoshima and West Kyushu (Nagasaki) routes would be accompanied by two other routes: the East Kyushu Shinkansen, from Hakata to Kagoshima-chūō via Ōita and Miyazaki, paralleling the Nippō Main Line; and the Trans-Kyushu Shinkansen, linking Kumamoto and Ōita, and connecting with the also-planned Shikoku Shinkansen to Matsuyama, Takamatsu and Osaka. These plans have been shelved indefinitely, and are unlikely to be reconsidered until the completion of Shinkansen lines already under construction.

Station list

Tsubame trains stop at all stations. For Mizuho and Sakura, all trains stop at stations marked "●", while some trains stop at those marked "△".

Station	Japanese	Distance (km)	Distance from Shin-Osaka (km)	Mizuho	Sakura	Transfers	Location
Kagoshima Route
Currently operational
Hakata	博多	0.0	553.7	●	●	Kūkō Line (Fukuoka City Subway) Fukuhoku Yutaka Line, Hakata-Minami Line, Kagoshima Main Line Sanyō Shinkansen (through service)	Hakata-ku, Fukuoka	Fukuoka
Shin-Tosu	新鳥栖	26.3	580.0		△	Nagasaki Main Line	Tosu	Saga
Kurume	久留米	32.0	585.7		△	Kagoshima Main Line, Kyūdai Main Line	Kurume	Fukuoka
Chikugo-Funagoya	筑後船小屋	47.9	601.6		△	Kagoshima Main Line	Chikugo
Shin-Ōmuta	新大牟田	59.7	613.4		△		Ōmuta
Shin-Tamana	新玉名	76.3	630.0		△		Tamana	Kumamoto
Kumamoto	熊本	98.2	651.9	●	●	Hōhi Main Line, Kagoshima Main Line Kumamoto City Tram (Kumamoto-Ekimae)	Nishi-ku, Kumamoto
Shin-Yatsushiro	新八代	130.0	683.7		△	Kagoshima Main Line	Yatsushiro
Shin-Minamata	新水俣	172.8	726.5		△	Hisatsu Orange Railway Line	Minamata
Izumi	出水	188.8	742.5		△	Hisatsu Orange Railway Line	Izumi	Kagoshima
Sendai	川内	221.5	775.2		●	Hisatsu Orange Railway Line Kagoshima Main Line	Satsumasendai
Kagoshima-Chūō	鹿児島中央	256.8	810.5	●	●	Ibusuki Makurazaki Line, Kagoshima Main Line Kagoshima City Tram (Kagoshima-Chūō-Ekimae)	Kagoshima
West Kyushu Route (Nagasaki Route)
On hold
Shin-Tosu	新鳥栖						Tosu	Saga
Saga	佐賀					Karatsu Line, Nagasaki Main Line, Sasebo Line	Saga
Under construction, scheduled for completion c. 2023
Takeo-Onsen	武雄温泉	0.0				Sasebo Line	Takeo	Saga
Ureshino-Onsen[* 1]	嬉野温泉						Ureshino
Shin-Ōmura[* 1]	新大村						Ōmura	Nagasaki
Isahaya	諫早	45.7				Nagasaki Main Line, Ōmura Line Shimabara Railway Line	Isahaya
Nagasaki	長崎	66.7				Nagasaki Main Line, Ōmura Line Nagasaki Electric Tramway (Nagasaki-Ekimae)

1. Tentative name

Services

Services are operated by 6-car 800 Series sets, with a maximum speed of 260 kilometres per hour (160 mph).^[15] The trains were developed by Hitachi, and based on the 700 series trains already in service on the Tokaido/Sanyo Shinkansen line.

Individual trains are named Tsubame ("Swallow"), the name of the former Hakata-Kagoshima limited express service. 8-car N700-7000 and N700-8000 series trains are used on through-running services between Shin-Osaka and Kagoshima-Chūō. The first set (S1) was delivered to Hakata Depot in October 2008.^[16]

Three services operate on the line, in order of speed: Mizuho, Sakura, and Tsubame. The Mizuho makes two return trips between Shin-Osaka and Kagoshima-Chūō during the morning hours, and two return trips during the evening, with an end-to-end journey time of 3 hours 45 minutes. Sakura services run once per hour throughout the day between Shin-Osaka and Kagoshima-Chūō making additional stops, with an end-to-end travel time of 4 hours 10 minutes. There are also one to two Sakura services every hour between Hakata and either Kumamoto or Kagoshima-Chūō. Tsubame trains operate the all-stations service between Hakata and Kumamoto 1-2 times per hour, with some services operating to/from Kagoshima-Chūō.^[17]

References

3. "ご利用のサイトはリニューアルにより移動しました。 | 長崎県". Pref.nagasaki.jp. Retrieved 2014-04-14.
4. "Nagasaki Shinkansen line project overhaul likely to prevent delays". Asia & Japan Watch. The Asahi Shimbun Company. 24 February 2016. Retrieved 28 February 2016.
5. Kyodo News, "Shinkansen spurs Kyushu business", The Japan Times, 13 March 2012, p. 2.
6. Tsuchiya, Ryō (12 September 2011), 南部好調、北部で苦戦　九州新幹線、全線開通から半年, The Asahi Shimbun (in Japanese), retrieved 12 September 2011
7. "Pictures reveal serious damage to Shinkansen in Kyushu". asahi.com. The Asahi Shimbun. 18 April 2016. Retrieved 18 April 2016.
8. "Reopening of Kyushu Shinkansen still a long way off". mainichi.jp. Mainichi Japan. 19 April 2016. Retrieved 19 April 2016.
9. "Kyushu Shinkansen resumes after quakes- News - NHK WORLD - English". NHK WORLD. NHK. Retrieved 28 April 2016.
10. "九州新幹線−長崎ルート：概要 - 未来鉄道データベース". Mifuru.to. Retrieved 2014-04-14.
11. "ご利用のサイトはリニューアルにより移動しました。 | 長崎県". Pref.nagasaki.jp. Retrieved 2014-04-14.
12. "ご利用のサイトはリニューアルにより移動しました。 | 長崎県". Pref.nagasaki.jp. Retrieved 2014-04-14.
13. Archived 5 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine.
14. "ジャンプします". Nagasaki-np.co.jp. 2007-10-09. Retrieved 2014-04-14.
15. "300km/hのトップランナー" [300 km/h Top Runners]. Japan Railfan Magazine. Vol. 52 no. 612. Japan: Koyusha Co., Ltd. April 2012. p. 14.
16. Japan Railfan Magazine, December 2008 issue: "山陽・九州新幹線直通用車両　量産先行車", p.64-67
17. 平成23年春ダイヤ改正 (Press release) (in Japanese). JR Kyushu. 2010-12-17. Retrieved 2010-12-19.

External links

• Official website (Japanese)