Samuel Smith (Maryland)

Samuel Smith
22nd and 34th President pro tempore of the United States Senate
In office May 15, 1828 – December 11, 1831
Preceded by	Nathaniel Macon
Succeeded by	Littleton W. Tazewell
In office December 2, 1805 – November 6, 1808
Preceded by	Joseph Anderson
Succeeded by	Stephen R. Bradley
United States Senator from Maryland
In office December 17, 1822 – March 3, 1833
Preceded by	William Pinkney
Succeeded by	Joseph Kent
In office March 4, 1803 – March 4, 1815
Preceded by	John E. Howard
Succeeded by	Robert G. Harper
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Maryland's 5th district
In office January 31, 1816 – December 17, 1822
Preceded by	Nicholas Ruxton Moore
Succeeded by	Isaac McKim
In office March 4, 1793 – March 3, 1803
Preceded by	William Vans Murray
Succeeded by	Nicholas Ruxton Moore
Member of the Maryland House of Delegates
In office 1790–1792
Personal details
Born	July 27, 1752 Carlisle, Province of Pennsylvania, British America
Died	April 22, 1839 (aged 86) Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.
Political party	Democratic-Republican, Democrat
Profession	Politician, Merchant
Signature
Military service
Allegiance	United States of America
Service/branch	Continental Army Maryland Militia
Rank	Major General
Battles/wars	American Revolutionary War Whiskey Rebellion War of 1812

Samuel Smith (July 27, 1752 – April 22, 1839) was a United States Senator and Representative from Maryland, a mayor of Baltimore, Maryland, and a general in the Maryland militia. He was the brother of cabinet secretary Robert Smith.

Biography

Born in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, Smith moved with his family to Baltimore, Maryland, in 1759. He attended a private academy, and engaged in mercantile pursuits until the American Revolutionary War, at which time he served as captain, major, and lieutenant colonel in the Continental Army. Prior to the war, as a young captain, he was sent to Annapolis to arrest Governor Eden and seize his papers.^[1]

On September 23 with Philadelphia on the verge of capture, Washington sent Smith, then a Lieutenant Colonel of the 4th Maryland Regiment with a detachment of Continentals into the fort on Mud Island on the Delaware River.^[2] Smith's force numbered 200 soldiers plus Major Robert Ballard of Virginia, Major Simeon Thayer of Rhode Island, and Captain Samuel Treat^[3] of the Continental Artillery.^[4] However, another account stated that Thayer did not reach Fort Mifflin until October 19.^[5] With the British army closing in on Philadelphia, the small force had to reach Fort Mifflin by a circuitous route. On the last leg of their journey, reinforcements for Mud Island had to be ferried across the Delaware from Red Bank, New Jersey under the protection of the Pennsylvania Navy river flotilla commanded by John Hazelwood. The fort was eventually overwhelmed by weeks of British bombardment and was abandoned.^[4] After the war, Smith engaged in the shipping business.

General Samuel Smith

Senator Samuel Smith

From 1790 to 1792, Smith was a member of the Maryland House of Delegates. At the time of the threatened war with France in 1794, he was appointed brigadier general of the Maryland militia and commanded Maryland’s quota during the Whiskey Rebellion. Smith served as a major general of Maryland militia during the War of 1812, and commanded the defenses of Baltimore during the Battle of Baltimore in September 1814. The American victory there can largely be attributed to Smith's preparation for the British invasion.

Smith entered into national politics when he was elected to the Third United States Congress, serving from March 4, 1793, until March 4, 1803. As a Congressman, Smith served as chairman of the U.S. House Committee on Commerce and Manufactures (Fifth through Seventh Congresses). As a principal negotiator between the young Federalist leader and Delaware representative, James Asheton Bayard II, and the presumptive President-Elect Jefferson, Smith secured the winning ballot in the United States House of Representatives for Jefferson during the United States presidential election, 1800.^[6] Smith entered into the Senate election in 1802, and was elected as a Democratic-Republican to the United States Senate. He was re-elected in 1808 and served from March 4, 1803 until March 4, 1815. While senator, Smith served as President pro tempore of the Senate during the Ninth and Tenth Congresses.

Smith was elected to the Fourteenth Congress on January 31, 1816 to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Nicholas R. Moore, and was re-elected to the Fifteenth, Sixteenth, and Seventeenth Congresses. In the House, Smith served as chairman of the U.S. House Committee on Expenditures in the Department of the Treasury (Fourteenth Congress), and as a member of the Committee on Ways and Means (Fifteenth through Seventeenth Congresses).

On December 17, 1822, Smith resigned as congressman, having been elected as a Democratic Republican (later Crawford Republican and Jacksonian) to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of William Pinkney. In March–April 1824, Samuel Smith was honored with a single vote at the Democratic-Republican Party Caucus to be the party's candidate for the Office of U.S. Vice President for the upcoming 1824 U.S. Presidential Election.

Smith served as President pro tempore of the Senate again during the Twentieth and Twenty-first Congresses, and as chairman of the Committee on Finance (Eighteenth and Twentieth through Twenty-second Congresses). He was re-elected in 1826 and served until March 4, 1833. Two years later, in 1835, Smith became mayor of Baltimore, and served in that position until 1838, when he retired from public life. Smith died in Baltimore in 1839, and is interred in the Old Westminster Burying Ground.

Attitude toward slavery

In 1828 Smith served as Vice-President of the Maryland State Colonization Society, of which Charles Carroll of Carrollton, one of the co-signers of the Declaration of Independence, was president.^[7] The MSCS was a branch of the American Colonization Society, an organization dedicated to returning black Americans to lead free lives in African states such as Liberia.

Notes

1. Andrews, p.316
2. McGuire, 137
3. Sec. of Commonwealth, 37
4. McGuire, 184
5. Thayer & Stone, 75
6. Ackerman, Bruce (2005). The Failure of the Founding Fathers: Jefferson, Marshall, and the Rise of Presidential Democracy. Cambridge: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. p. 106 ISBN 0674018664. Borden, Morton (1954). The Federalism of James A. Bayard. pp. 90-93.
7. The African Repository, Volume 3, 1827, p.251, edited by Ralph Randolph Gurley Retrieved February 16, 2010

References

• Andrews, Matthew Page, History of Maryland, Doubleday, New York (1929)

• United States Congress. "Samuel Smith (id: S000609)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.

External links

• Samuel Smith at Find a Grave
• Samuel Smith at History Central
• "The Samuel Smith Land Grants: A historical study of land ownership and use in southern West Virginia"