United States Senate elections, 2002
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The United States Senate elections, 2002 featured a series of fiercely contested elections that resulted in a victory for the Republican Party, which gained two seats and thus a narrow majority from the Democratic Party in the United States Senate. The Senate seats up for election, known as "class 2" Senate seats, were last up for regular election in 1996. The election was held on November 5, 2002, almost fourteen months after the September 11, 2001 attacks.
The Democrats had originally hoped to do well, as the party holding the presidency historically loses seats in midterm elections, and the Republicans had 20 seats up for election compared to 14 Democratic seats. In addition, four incumbent Republicans and no Democrats announced their retirement before the election. However, the Republicans were able to hold the four open seats, all of which were in the South. Ultimately, Republicans would pick up three seats and lose one, resulting in a net gain of two seats. Together with gains made in the House of Representatives, this election was one of the few mid-term elections in the last one hundred years in which the party in control of the White House gained Congressional seats (the others were 1902, 1934, and 1998).
This was the most recent Senate election cycle in which at least one incumbent senator from each party lost in the general election. This was also the second consecutive mid-term election held in a president's first term in which the Republican party both had a net gain of seats and regained control of the United States Senate from the Democratic Party. This was the only election cycle ever where the party of the incumbent President gained new control of a house of Congress in a midterm election.
Gains and losses
Defeated incumbents included Tim Hutchinson (R-AR), Max Cleland (D-GA), and Jean Carnahan (D-MO). The Republicans also gained the seat of deceased senator Paul Wellstone (D-MN).
Results summary
| 51 | 1 | 48 |
| Republican | I | Democrat |
| Parties | Breakdown | Total Seats | Popular Vote | Total Candidates | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Up | Elected | Not Up | 2002 | +/- | Vote | % | General1 | |||
| Republican Party | 20 | 22 | 29 | 51 |  2 |
20,626,192 | 49.476% | 37 | ||
| Democratic Party | 14 | 12 | 36 | 48 |  2 |
18,956,449 | 45.470% | 32 | ||
| Independent | - | - | 1 | 1 |  |
343,625 | 0.824% | 9 | ||
| Libertarian Party | - | - | - | - | - | 724,969 | 1.739% | 20 | ||
| Reform Party | - | - | - | - | - | 175,107 | 0.420% | 3 | ||
| Green Party | - | - | - | - | - | 94,702 | 0.227% | 8 | ||
| Constitution Party | - | - | - | - | - | 53,706 | 0.129% | 3 | ||
| Independence Party | - | - | - | - | - | 51,863 | 0.124% | 2 | ||
| Other parties | - | - | - | - | - | 54,108 | 0.130% | 10 | ||
| Write-in | - | - | - | - | - | 281,480 | 0.675% | - | ||
| Total | 34 | 34 | 66 | 100 | - | 41,689,666 | 100.0% | 125 | ||
| Source: Election Statistics – Office of the Clerk | ||||||||||
1 Includes candidates from Louisiana's General Election, not run-off. Totals do not include participating voters who declined to cast a vote for U.S. Senate.
Change in Senate composition
Before the elections
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End of the Congress
Although the Democrats had lost the majority control, the Senate was not reorganized until the next Congress.
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Beginning of the next Congress
| I1 | D1 | D2 | D3 | D4 | D5 | D6 | D7 | D8 | D9 |
| D19 | D18 | D17 | D16 | D15 | D14 | D13 | D12 | D11 | D10 |
| D20 | D21 | D22 | D23 | D24 | D25 | D26 | D27 | D28 | D29 |
| D39√ | D38√ | D37√ | D36 | D35 | D34 | D33 | D32 | D31 | D30 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D40√ | D41√ | D42√ | D43√ | D44√ | D45√ | D46√ | D47O | D48+ | R51+ |
| Majority → | R50+ | ||||||||
| R41√ | R42√ | R43√ | R44O | R45O | R46O | R47O | R48O | R49+ | |
| R40√ | R39√ | R38√ | R37√ | R36√ | R35√ | R34√ | R33√ | R32√ | R31√ |
| R21 | R22 | R23 | R24 | R25 | R26 | R27 | R28 | R29 | R30√ |
| R20 | R19 | R18 | R17 | R16 | R15 | R14 | R13 | R12 | R11 |
| R1 | R2 | R3 | R4 | R5 | R6 | R7 | R8 | R9 | R10 |
| Key: |
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Gains and losses
Democratic gains
- Arkansas: Sen. Tim Hutchinson (R), who was personally unpopular, perhaps due to divorcing his wife and marrying a young staffer, was defeated by Democratic challenger Mark Pryor, Arkansas Attorney General and the son of a popular former Senator and Governor.
Republican gains
- Georgia: Sen. Max Cleland (D), a Vietnam War veteran and triple amputee, was defeated by Representative Saxby Chambliss in a tough campaign marked by attacks on Cleland's stance on a Department of Homeland Security. Even though Cleland was a combat veteran, Chambliss won the support of the VFW.
- Missouri: Sen. Jean Carnahan (D) had been appointed to the Senate after her husband, Mel Carnahan, had narrowly won the 2000 election posthumously. How much Mel Carnahan's victory had been due to sympathy following his death and/or high disapproval of his opponent, John Ashcroft, was unclear, but his wife was unable to hold the seat, losing narrowly to former Congressman Jim Talent.
- Minnesota: Sen. Paul Wellstone (D), in the middle of a tough fight against former St. Paul Mayor Norm Coleman, died in a plane crash less than two weeks before the election. Most observers expected that this would lead to a sympathy boost for his replacement, liberal stalwart and former Vice President Walter Mondale, but the Democrats received negative press after Wellstone's funeral was marked by political speeches, and Coleman won a close race.
Democratic holds
- South Dakota: The Democratic Party also invested heavily in South Dakota to keep Sen. Tim Johnson (D) in office by 500 votes over Republican challenger John Thune, who accused Johnson and Senate Democratic leader Tom Daschle (D) of pushing liberal policies that were different from the promises they made to South Dakota voters. Thune's strategy would work successfully when he later defeated Daschle in 2004.
- New Jersey: Democratic incumbent Robert Torricelli (D) was dogged by scandal, and eventually quit the race so that the party could replace him with a better candidate, retired Sen. Frank R. Lautenberg (D), who went on to win. Republicans challenged this late replacement of a weak candidate, but were not successful in the courts.
- Louisiana: Republicans ran several candidates at once against incumbent Mary Landrieu (D), hoping to push her vote below 50% and force a runoff in December (according to Louisiana law). They did force a runoff, but Republican Suzanne Haik Terrell narrowly lost the runoff.
Republican holds
- New Hampshire: Incumbent Senator Bob Smith (R) had previously quit and rejoined the Republican party in a dispute over his candidacy in the 2000 presidential election, and Republican leaders pushed the candidacy of Congressman John E. Sununu. He defeated Smith in the primary and went on to defeat Democrat Jeanne Shaheen, the retiring governor, in the general election. In this Senate race, local Republican officials violated election laws by trying to jam the phones of the Democrats' "Get Out The Vote" efforts; the officials went to prison in a case that reverberated into 2006 and may have been a factor when Sununu lost to Shaheen in their 2008 rematch.
Complete list of races
| State | Incumbent | Party | Result | Candidates |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | Jeff Sessions | Republican | Re-elected | Jeff Sessions (Republican) 58.6% Susan Parker (Democratic) 39.8% Jeff Allen (Libertarian) 1.5% |
| Alaska | Ted Stevens | Republican | Re-elected | Ted Stevens (Republican) 78% Frank J. Vondersaar (Democratic) 11% Jim Sykes (Green) 8% Jim Dore (AI) 3% Leonard Karpinski (Libertarian) 1% |
| Arkansas | Tim Hutchinson | Republican | Lost re-election Democratic gain |
Mark Pryor (Democratic) 53.9% Tim Hutchinson (Republican) 46.1% |
| Colorado | Wayne Allard | Republican | Re-elected | Wayne Allard (Republican) 50.7% Tom Strickland (Democratic) 45.8% Douglas "Dayhorse" Campbell (Constitution) 1.5% Rick Stanley (Libertarian) 1.5% John Heckman (Concerns of People) 0.5% |
| Delaware | Joe Biden | Democratic | Re-elected | Joe Biden (Democratic) 58.2% Raymond J. Clatworthy (Republican) 40.8% Maurice Barros (IPD) 0.4% Raymond T. Buranello (Libertarian) 0.4% Robert E. Mattson (Natural Law) 0.2% |
| Georgia | Max Cleland | Democratic | Lost re-election Republican gain |
Saxby Chambliss (Republican) 52.7% Max Cleland (Democratic) 45.9% Claude Thomas (Libertarian) 1.4% |
| Idaho | Larry Craig | Republican | Re-elected | Larry Craig (Republican) 65% Alan Blinken (Democratic) 33% Donovan Bramwell (Libertarian) 2% |
| Illinois | Dick Durbin | Democratic | Re-elected | Dick Durbin (Democratic) 60.3% Jim Durkin (Republican) 38% Steven Burgauer (Libertarian) 1.6% |
| Iowa | Tom Harkin | Democratic | Re-elected | Tom Harkin (Democratic) 54.2% Greg Ganske (Republican) 43.8% Tim Harthan (Green) 1.1% Richard J. Moore (Libertarian) 0.9% |
| Kansas | Pat Roberts | Republican | Re-elected | Pat Roberts (Republican) 82.5% Steven A. Rosile (Libertarian) 9.1% George Cook (Reform) 8.4% |
| Kentucky | Mitch McConnell | Republican | Re-elected | Mitch McConnell (Republican) 64.7% Lois Combs Weinberg (Democratic) 35.3% |
| Louisiana | Mary Landrieu | Democratic | Re-elected | Mary Landrieu (Democratic) 51.7% Suzanne Haik Terrell (Republican) 48.3% |
| Maine | Susan Collins | Republican | Re-elected | Susan Collins (Republican) 58.4% Chellie Pingree (Democratic) 41.6% |
| Massachusetts | John Kerry | Democratic | Re-elected | John Kerry (Democratic) 72.3% Michael E. Cloud (Libertarian) 16.6% Blank/Scattering 9.6% Randall Forsberg, Write-in 1.1% Other 0.3% |
| Michigan | Carl Levin | Democratic | Re-elected | Carl Levin (Democratic) 60.6% Andrew Raczkowski (Republican) 37.9% Eric Borregard (Green) 0.8% John S. Mangopoulos (Reform) 0.4% Doug Dern (Natural Law) 0.3% |
| Minnesota | Dean Barkley | Minnesota Reform |
Incumbent Paul Wellstone (DFL) ran for re-election, but died October 25, 2002. Dean Barkley (Reform) was appointed November 4, 2002 to finish the term, but Barkley did not run in the election. Republican gain |
Norm Coleman (Republican) 49.5% Walter Mondale (Democratic–Farmer–Labor) 47.3% Jim Moore (Independence) 2% Paul Wellstone (Democratic–Farmer–Labor) 0.5% Ray Tricomo (Green) 0.4% Miro Drago Kovatchevich (Constitution) 0.1% |
| Mississippi | Thad Cochran | Republican | Re-elected | Thad Cochran (Republican) 85.6% Shawn O'Hara (Reform) 15.4% |
| Missouri (Class 1: Special) |
Jean Carnahan | Democratic | Appointee lost election to finish term Republican gain |
Jim Talent (Republican) 49.8% Jean Carnahan (Democratic) 48.7% Tamara A. Millay (Libertarian) 1% Daniel Romano (Green) 0.6% |
| Montana | Max Baucus | Democratic | Re-elected | Max Baucus (Democratic) 62.7% Mike Taylor (Republican) 31.7% Stan Jones (Libertarian) 3.2% Bob Kelleher (Green) 2.3% |
| Nebraska | Chuck Hagel | Republican | Re-elected | Chuck Hagel (Republican) 82.8% Charlie A. Matulka (Democratic) 14.6% John J. Graziano (Libertarian) 1.5% Phil Chase (Independent) 1.1% |
| New Hampshire | Bob Smith | Republican | Lost renomination Republican hold |
John E. Sununu (Republican) 50.8% Jeanne Shaheen (Democratic) 46.4% Ken Blevens (Libertarian) 2.2% |
| New Jersey | Robert Torricelli | Democratic | Withdrew from general election Democratic hold |
Frank Lautenberg (Democratic) 53.9% Doug Forrester (Republican) 44% Ted Glick (Green) 1.2% Elizabeth Macron (Libertarian) 0.6% Norman E. Wahner (NJ Conservative) 0.3% Gregory Pason (Socialist) 0.1% |
| New Mexico | Pete Domenici | Republican | Re-elected | Pete Domenici (Republican) 65% Gloria Tristani (Democratic) 35% |
| North Carolina | Jesse Helms | Republican | Retired Republican hold |
Elizabeth Dole (Republican) 53.6% Erskine Bowles (Democratic) 45% Sean Haugh (Libertarian) 1.5% |
| Oklahoma | Jim Inhofe | Republican | Re-elected | Jim Inhofe (Republican) 57.3% David Walters (Democratic) 36.3% James Germalic (Independent) 6.4% |
| Oregon | Gordon Smith | Republican | Re-elected | Gordon Smith (Republican) 56.2% Bill Bradbury (Democratic) 39.6% Dan Fitzgerald (Libertarian) 2.4% Lon Mabon (Constitution) 1.7% |
| Rhode Island | Jack Reed | Democratic | Re-elected | Jack Reed (Democratic) 78.4% Robert Tingle (Republican) 21.6% |
| South Carolina | Strom Thurmond | Republican | Retired Republican hold |
Lindsey Graham (Republican) 54.4% Alex Sanders (Democratic) 44.2% Ted Adams (Constitution) 0.8% Victor Kocher (Libertarian) 0.6% |
| South Dakota | Tim Johnson | Democratic | Re-elected | Tim Johnson (Democratic) 49.6% John Thune (Republican) 49.5% Kurt Evans (Libertarian) 0.9% |
| Tennessee | Fred Thompson | Republican | Retired Republican hold |
Lamar Alexander (Republican) 54% Bob Clement (Democratic) 44% |
| Texas | Phil Gramm | Republican | Retired Republican hold |
John Cornyn (Republican) 55.3% Ron Kirk (Democratic) 43.3% Scott Jameson (Libertarian) 0.8% Roy H. Williams (Green) 0.6% |
| Virginia | John Warner | Republican | Re-elected | John Warner (Republican) 82.6% Nancy Spannaus (Independent) 9.7% Jacob G. Hornberger (Independent) 7.1% |
| West Virginia | Jay Rockefeller | Democratic | Re-elected | Jay Rockefeller (Democratic) 63.1% Jay Wolfe (Republican) 36.9% |
| Wyoming | Mike Enzi | Republican | Re-elected | Mike Enzi (Republican) 73% Joyce Jansa Corcoran (Democratic) 27% |
See also
References
- Robert M. Sanders; "How Environmentally-Friendly Candidates Fared in the Congressional Elections of 2002: A Time of Green Anxiety?" International Social Science Review, Vol. 79, 2004
External links
- Clerk of the House of Representatives – Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 5, 2002
- United States Election 2002 Web Archive from the U.S. Library of Congress
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