United States Senate elections, 1900 and 1901

United States Senate elections, 1900 and 1901

Dates vary by state

30 of the 90 seats in the U.S. Senate (as well as special elections) 46 seats needed for a majority   Majority party Minority party   Party Republican Democratic Seats before 51 26 Seats won 14 13 Seats after 48 28 Seat change 3 2 Seats up 17 11   Third party Fourth party Fifth party   Party Populist Silver Republican Silver Seats before 5 3 2 Seats won 0 1 0 Seats after 4 3 2 Seat change 1 Seats up 1 1 0

Majority Party before election Republican Elected Majority Party Republican

The United States Senate elections of 1900 and 1901 were elections in which the Democratic Party gained two seats in the United States Senate, and which corresponded with President William McKinley's landslide re-election. By the beginning of the next Congress, however, the Republicans gained five additional seats, giving them a ten-seat majority.

As these elections were prior to ratification of the seventeenth amendment, Senators were chosen by state legislatures.

Results summary

Senate Party Division, 57th Congress (1901–1903)

• Majority Party: Republican (53)
• Minority Party: Democratic (28)
• Other Parties: Populist (2); Silver Republican 3; Vacant 4
• Total Seats: 90

Change in Senate composition

Before the elections

At the beginning of 1900.

					D1	D2	D3	D4	D5
D15	D14	D13	D12	D11	D10	D9	D8	D7	D6
D16 Ran	D17 Ran	D18 Ran	D19 Ran	D20 Ran	D21 Ran	D22 Retired	D23 Retired	D24 Retired	D25 Retired
SR2	SR1	S1	S2	P1	P2	P3	P4	P5 Ran	D26 Retired
SR3 Ran	R51 Retired	R50 Unknown	R49 Ran	R48 Ran	R47 Ran	R46 Ran	R45 Ran	R44 Ran	V1
Majority →								V2
R36 Ran	R37 Ran	R38 Ran	R39 Ran	R40 Ran	R41 Ran	R42 Ran	R43 Ran	V3
R35 Ran	R34	R33	R32	R31	R30	R29	R28	R27	R26
R16	R17	R18	R19	R20	R21	R22	R23	R24	R25
R15	R14	R13	R12	R11	R10	R9	R8	R7	R6
					R1	R2	R3	R4	R5

Result of the general elections

					D1	D2	D3	D4	D5
D15	D14	D13	D12	D11	D10	D9	D8	D7	D6
D16 Re-elected	D17 Re-elected	D18 Re-elected	D19 Re-elected	D20 Re-elected	D21 Hold	D22 Hold	D23 Hold	D24 Hold	D25 Hold
SR1	S1	S2	P1	P2	P3	P4	D28 Gain from P	D27 Gain from R	D26 Gain from R
SR2	SR3 Gain from R	R48 Gain from SR	R47 Re-elected	R46 Re-elected	R45 Re-elected	R44 Hold	R43 Re-elected	V5 D Loss	V1
Majority →							V4 R Loss	V2
R36 Re-elected	R37 Re-elected	R38 Re-elected	R39 Re-elected	R40 Re-elected	R41 Re-elected	R42 Hold	V3
R35 Re-elected	R34	R33	R32	R31	R30	R29	R28	R27	R26
R16	R17	R18	R19	R20	R21	R22	R23	R24	R25
R15	R14	R13	R12	R11	R10	R9	R8	R7	R6
					R1	R2	R3	R4	R5

Beginning of the next Congress

					D1	D2	D3	D4	D5
D15	D14	D13	D12	D11	D10 Change from SR	D9	D8	D7	D6
D16	D17	D18	D19	D20	D21	D22	D23	D24	D25
R52 Gain from V	R53 Gain from V	SR2	SR1	P1	P2	P3	D28	D27	D26
R51 Change from P	R50 Change from S	R49 Change from S	R48	R47	R46	R45	R44	V4 D Loss	V1
Majority →
R36	R37	R38	R39	R40	R41	R42	R43	V3	V2
R35	R34	R33	R32	R31	R30	R29	R28	R27	R26
R16	R17	R18	R19	R20	R21	R22	R23	R24	R25
R15	R14	R13	R12	R11	R10	R9	R8	R7	R6
					R1	R2	R3	R4	R5

Key:	D# Democratic P# Populist R# Republican S# Silver SR# Silver Republican V# Vacant

Race summaries

Elections during the 56th Congress

In these elections, the winner was seated in the current (56th) Congress during 1900 or in 1901 before March 4; ordered by election date.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
	Senator	Party	Electoral history
Mississippi (Class 1)	William V. Sullivan	Democratic	1898 (Appointed)	Interim appointee elected January 16, 1900. Winner did not seek election to the next term, see below.	√ William V. Sullivan (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
California (Class 1)	Stephen M. White	Democratic	1893	Legislature had failed to elect. New senator elected February 7, 1900. Republican gain.	√ Thomas R. Bard (Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Vermont (Class 3)	Jonathan Ross	Republican	1899 (Appointed)	Interim appointee retired. New senator elected October 18, 1900. Republican hold.	√ William P. Dillingham (Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Pennsylvania (Class 1)	Vacant			Legislature had failed to elect. Predecessor appointed, but declared not entitled to the seat. Predecessor re-elected January 16, 1901. Republican gain.	√ Matthew S. Quay (Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Minnesota (Class 1)	Charles A. Towne	Democratic	1900 (Appointed)	Unknown if interim appointee retired or lost election. New senator elected January 23, 1901. Republican gain.	√ Moses E. Clapp (Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Utah (Class 1)	Vacant			Legislature had failed to elect. New senator elected January 23, 1901. Republican gain.	√ Thomas Kearns (Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]

In this election, the winner was seated in the 58th Congress, starting March 4, 1903.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
	Senator	Party	Electoral history
Louisiana (Class 3)	Samuel D. McEnery	Democratic	1896	Incumbent re-elected early May 22, 1900 for the term beginning March 4, 1903.[1]	√ Samuel D. McEnery (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]

Elections leading to the 57th Congress

In these general elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1901; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
	Senator	Party	Electoral history
Alabama	John Tyler Morgan	Democratic	1876 1882 1888 1894	Incumbent re-elected November 27, 1900.[2]	√ John Tyler Morgan (Democratic) Unopposed
Arkansas	James Berry	Democratic	1885 (Special) 1889 1895	Incumbent re-elected January 22, 1901.[3]	√ James Berry (Democratic) 123 votes H. L. Remmel (Republican) 2 votes.[3]
Colorado	Edward O. Wolcott	Republican	1889 1895	Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected January 15, 1901.[4] Democratic gain.	√ Thomas M. Patterson (Democratic) 91 votes Edward O. Wolcott (Republican) 8 votes[4]
Delaware	Richard R. Kenney	Democratic	1897 (Special)	Incumbent lost re-election. Legislature failed to elect. Democratic loss.	Richard R. Kenney (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Georgia	Augustus Bacon	Democratic	1894	Incumbent re-elected in 1900.	√ Augustus Bacon (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Idaho	George Shoup	Republican	1890 1895	Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected January 16, 1901.[5][6] Silver Republican gain. New senator changed party to Democratic.	√ Fred Dubois (Silver Republican) George Shoup (Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Illinois	Shelby M. Cullom	Republican	1882 1888 1894	Incumbent re-elected January 22, 1901.[7]	√ Shelby M. Cullom (Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Iowa	John H. Gear	Republican	1894	Incumbent re-elected January 17, 1900.[8] Incumbent died July 14, 1900. A new senator was appointed to finish the term and to the next term.	√ John H. Gear (Republican) 111 votes Fred E. White (Democratic) 32 votes[8]
Kansas	Lucien Baker	Republican	1895	Incumbent re-elected January 22, 1901.[9]	√ Joseph R. Burton (Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Kentucky	William Lindsay	Democratic	1882	Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 16, 1900.[10] Democratic hold.	√ Joseph Blackburn (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Louisiana	Donelson Caffery	Democratic	1894 (Appointed) 1894 (Special) 1894	Incumbent retired. New senator elected May 22, 1900.[1] Democratic hold.	√ Murphy J. Foster (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Maine	William P. Frye	Republican	1881 (Special) 1883 1889 1895	Incumbent re-elected January 15, 1901.[11]	√ William P. Frye (Republican) 131 votes Swasey M. Staples (Democratic) 14 votes[11]
Massachusetts	George Frisbie Hoar	Republican	1877 1883 1889 1895	Incumbent re-elected January 15, 1901.[12]	√ George Frisbie Hoar (Republican) 77 votes Richard Olney (Democratic) 56 votes Charles H. Bradley (Social Democratic) 1 vote.[12]
Michigan	James McMillan	Republican	1889 1895	Incumbent re-elected January 15, 1901.[13]	√ James McMillan (Republican) 116 votes Thomas E. Barkworth 1 vote[13]
Minnesota	Knute Nelson	Republican	1895	Incumbent re-elected in 1901.	√ Knute Nelson (Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Mississippi	William V. Sullivan	Democratic	1898 (Appointed) 1900	Incumbent retired. New senator elected in January 1900. Democratic hold.	√ Anselm J. McLaurin (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Montana	Thomas H. Carter	Republican	1895	Incumbent retired. New senator elected in January 1901. Democratic gain.	√ William A. Clark (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Nebraska	John Mellen Thurston	Republican	1895	Legislature failed to elect. Republican loss.	[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
New Hampshire	William E. Chandler	Republican	1889 (Special) 1895	Incumbent lost remomination. New senator elected January 15, 1901.[14] Republican hold.	Henry Burnham (Republican) 301 votes Charles F. Stone (Democratic) 84 votes Henry M. Baker (Independent) 1 vote[14]
New Jersey	William Sewell	Republican	1895	Incumbent re-elected January 22, 1901.[15]	√ William Sewell (Republican) 62 votes Alvah A. Clark (Democratic) 17 votes[15]
North Carolina	Marion Butler	Populist	1894	Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected January 22, 1901.[16] Democratic gain.	√ Furnifold M. Simmons (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Oregon	George W. McBride	Republican	1895	Incumbent lost renomination. New senator elected February 24, 1901.[17] Republican hold.	√ John H. Mitchell (Republican) 46 votes Henry W. Corbett (Republican) 29 votes A. S. Bennett (Democratic) 16 votes[17]
Rhode Island	George P. Wetmore	Republican	1894	Incumbent re-elected June 12, 1900.[18]	√ George P. Wetmore (Republican) Samuel R. Honey (Democratic)
South Carolina	Benjamin Tillman	Democratic	1894	Incumbent re-elected in 1901.[19]	√ Benjamin Tillman (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
South Dakota	Richard F. Pettigrew	Silver Republican	1889 1894	Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected January 22, 1901.[20] Republican gain.	√ Robert J. Gamble (Republican) 115 votes Richard F. Pettigrew (Silver Republican) 13 votes[20]
Tennessee	Thomas B. Turley	Democratic	1883	Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 16, 1901.[21] Democratic hold.	√ Edward W. Carmack (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Texas	Horace Chilton	Democratic	1882	Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 22, 1901.[22] Democratic hold.	√ Joseph Weldon Bailey (Democratic) 137 votes Atlee 2 votes Chilton 2 votes Crone 1 vote Reagan 1 vote[22]
Virginia	Thomas S. Martin	Democratic	1893 (Early)	Incumbent re-elected early December 19, 1899.	√ Thomas S. Martin (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
West Virginia	Stephen B. Elkins	Republican	1895	Incumbent re-elected January 22, 1901.[23]	√ Stephen B. Elkins (Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Wyoming	Francis E. Warren	Republican	1895	Incumbent re-elected January 22, 1901.	√ Francis E. Warren (Republican) 52 votes John E. Osborne (Democratic) 3 votes[24]

Elections during the 57th Congress

In this election, the winner was elected in 1901 after March 4 and seated in the 57th Congress.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
	Senator	Party	Electoral history
Montana (Class 1)	Vacant			William A. Clark had resigned May 15, 1900, and was later elected to the state's other seat, see above. New senator elected March 7, 1901. Democratic gain.	√ Paris Gibson (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Nebraska (Class 1)	William V. Allen	Populist	1893 1899 (Lost) 1899 (Appointed)	Interim appointee retired. New senator elected March 28, 1901. Republican gain.	√ Charles H. Dietrich (Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Nebraska (Class 2)	Vacant			Legislature had failed to elect, see above. New senator elected March 28, 1901. Republican gain.	√ Joseph Millard (Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]

See also

• United States elections, 1900
  • United States presidential election, 1900
  • United States House of Representatives elections, 1900
• 56th United States Congress
• 57th United States Congress

Notes

1. "Louisiana Senators Elected.". The New York Times. May 23, 1900. p. 2.
2. "SENATOR MORGAN RE-ELECTED". The New York Times. November 28, 1900. p. 7.
3. "Another Term for Berry of Arkansas". The New York Times. January 23, 1901. p. 5.
4. "PATTERSON WINS IN COLORADO". The New York Times. January 16, 1901. p. 3.
5. "Dubois lands the prize". Lewiston Morning Tribune. Idaho. January 16, 1901. p. 1.
6. "Dubois chosen on first ballot". Spokesman-Review. Spokane, Washington. January 16, 1901. p. 1.
7. "Cullom of Illinois Succeeds Himself". The New York Times. January 23, 1901. p. 5.
8. Clark, p. 245.
9. "J.R. Burton the Choice in Kansas". The New York Times. January 23, 1901. p. 5.
10. "Blackburn's Election Duplicated". The New York Times. January 17, 1900. p. 2.
11. "Frye Wins Out in Maine.". The New York Times. January 16, 1901. p. 3.
12. "Democrats Help Re-elect Hoar.". The New York Times. January 16, 1901. p. 3.
13. "McMillan of Michigan Re-elected.". The New York Times. January 16, 1901. p. 3.
14. "Burnham Is New Hampshire's Choice". The New York Times. January 16, 1901. p. 3.
15. "SENATOR SEWELL RE-ELECTED". The New York Times. January 23, 1901. p. 5.
16. "North Carolina Elects a Democrat". The New York Times. January 23, 1901. p. 5.
17. "OREGON ELECTS A SENATOR". The New York Times. February 25, 1901. p. 1.
18. "SENATOR WETMORE RE-ELECTED". The New York Times. June 13, 1900. p. 2.
19. "Tillman South Carolina's Choice". The New York Times. January 24, 1901. p. 5.
20. "R.J. Gamble Succeeds Pettigrew". The New York Times. January 23, 1901. p. 5.
21. "Tennessee Elects Carmack". The New York Times. January 17, 1901. p. 2.
22. "Bailey a Senator from Texas". The New York Times. January 23, 1901. p. 5.
23. "Elkins Re-elected in West Virginia". The New York Times. January 23, 1901. p. 5.
24. http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1901/01/23/issue.html

References

• Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov
• Clark, Dan Elbert (1913). "History of Senatorial Elections in Iowa". Iowa City, Iowa.