United States Senate elections, 1882 and 1883
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The United States Senate elections of 1882 and 1883 seen the Democratic Party lose five seats in the United States Senate. The Republicans had the slightest majority — 39 (and later 40) out of 76 — with the Readjusters in their caucus.
As these elections were prior to ratification of the seventeenth amendment, Senators were chosen by State legislatures.
Results summary
Colored shading indicates party with largest share of that row.
Parties | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Democratic | Independent | Readjuster | Republican | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Before these elections | 37 | 1 | 1 | 37 | 76 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Not up | 23 | 0 | 1 | 26 | 50 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Class 1 (1880/81 → 1886/87) | 9 | 0 | 1 | 15 | 25 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Class 3 (1878/79 → 1884/85) | 14 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 25 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Up | 15 | 1 | 0 | 13 | 29 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General: Class 2 | 14 | 1 | 0 | 11 | 26 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Special: Class 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Special: Class 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Special: Class 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General election | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Incumbent retired | 3 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Held by same party | 2 | 0 | — | 2 | 4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Replaced by other party | 1 Independent replaced by 1 Republican 1 Republican replaced by 1 Democrat 1 Democrat replaced by 1 Republican |
3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Result | 3 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Incumbent ran | 11 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 19 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Won re-election | 10 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 14 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lost re-election and gained by other party | 1 Democrat replaced by 1 Readjuster | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lost re-election without an elected successor | 1 Republican lost and legislature failed to elect | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lost renomination but held by same party | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Result | 10 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 18 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total elected | 13 | 0 | 1 | 11 | 25 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net change | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Result | 36 | 0 | 2 | 37 | 75 |
Change in Senate composition
Before the elections
After the November 15, 1882 special election in Georgia.
D8 | D7 | D6 | D5 | D4 | D3 | D2 | D1 | ||
D9 | D10 | D11 | D12 | D13 | D14 | D15 | D16 | D17 | D18 |
D28 Ran |
D27 Ran |
D26 Ran |
D25 Ran |
D24 Ran |
D23 | D22 | D21 | D20 | D19 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
D29 Ran |
D30 Ran |
D31 Ran |
D32 Ran |
D33 Ran |
D34 Ran |
D35 Retired |
D36 Retired |
D37 Retired |
I1 Retired |
Plurality, with Readjuster in caucus and VP tie-breaking vote ↓ | RA1 | ||||||||
R29 Ran |
R30 Ran |
R31 Ran |
R32 Ran |
R33 Ran |
R34 Ran |
R35 Retired |
R36 Retired |
R37 Retired | |
R28 Ran |
R27 Ran |
R26 | R25 | R24 | R23 | R22 | R21 | R20 | R19 |
R9 | R10 | R11 | R12 | R13 | R14 | R15 | R16 | R17 | R18 |
R8 | R7 | R6 | R5 | R4 | R3 | R2 | R1 |
After the elections
D8 | D7 | D6 | D5 | D4 | D3 | D2 | D1 | ||
D9 | D10 | D11 | D12 | D13 | D14 | D15 | D16 | D17 | D18 |
D28 Re-elected |
D27 Re-elected |
D26 Re-elected |
D25 Re-elected |
D24 Re-elected |
D23 | D22 | D21 | D20 | D19 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
D29 Re-elected |
D30 Re-elected |
D31 Re-elected |
D32 Re-elected |
D33 Re-elected |
D34 Hold |
D35 Hold |
D36 Gain |
V1 R Loss |
RA2 Gain |
Majority, with Readjusters in caucus ↓ | RA1 | ||||||||
R29 Re-elected |
R30 Re-elected |
R31 Hold |
R32 Hold |
R33 Hold |
R34 Hold |
R35 Hold |
R36 Gain |
R37 Gain | |
R28 Re-elected |
R27 Re-elected |
R26 | R25 | R24 | R23 | R22 | R21 | R20 | R19 |
R9 | R10 | R11 | R12 | R13 | R14 | R15 | R16 | R17 | R18 |
R8 | R7 | R6 | R5 | R4 | R3 | R2 | R1 |
Key: |
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Race summaries
Special elections during the 47th Congress
In these elections, the winners were seated during 1882 or in 1883 before March 4; ordered by election date.
State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
Iowa (Class 2) |
James W. McDill | Republican | 1881 (Appointed) | Interim appointee elected January 25, 1882. Winner did not run for re-election, see below. |
√ James W. McDill (Republican) M. M. Ham Daniel Campbell[2] |
Georgia (Class 2) |
Benjamin H. Hill | Democratic | 1877 | Incumbent died August 16, 1882. Winner elected November 15, 1882. Democratic hold. Winner did not run for re-election, see below. |
√ Middleton P. Barrow (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
Colorado (Class 2) |
George M. Chilcott | Republican | 1882 (Appointed) | Interim appointee retired. Winner elected January 27, 1883. Republican hold. Winner did not run for re-election, see below. |
√ Horace Tabor (Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
Races leading to the 48th Congress
In these general elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1883; ordered by state.
All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats.
State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
Alabama | John Tyler Morgan | Democratic | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected in 1882. | √ John Tyler Morgan (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
Arkansas | Augustus Garland | Democratic | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected in 1883 | √ Augustus Garland (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
Colorado | Horace Tabor | Republican | 1883 (Special) | Incumbent retired. Winner's election date unknown. Republican hold. |
√ Thomas M. Bowen (Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
Delaware | Eli M. Saulsbury | Democratic | 1870 1876 |
Incumbent re-elected in 1883. | √ Eli M. Saulsbury (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
Georgia | Middleton P. Barrow | Democratic | 1882 (Special) | Incumbent retired. Winner elected in 1883. Democratic hold. |
√ Alfred H. Colquitt (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
Illinois | David Davis | Independent | 1876 or 1877 | Incumbent retired. Winner elected in 1882. Republican gain. |
√ Shelby Moore Cullom (Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
Iowa | James W. McDill | Republican | 1881 (Appointed) 1882 (Special) |
Incumbent retired. Winner elected January 25, 1882. Republican hold. |
√ James F. Wilson (Republican) L. G. Kinne D. P. Subbs[2] |
Kansas | Preston B. Plumb | Republican | 1877 | Incumbent re-elected January 24, 1883.[3] | √ Preston B. Plumb (Republican) 127 votes John Martin (Democratic) 20 votes J.G. Bayne 12 votes John A. Anderson 3 votes George W. Glick (Democratic) 1 vote[3] |
Kentucky | James B. Beck | Democratic | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected in 1882. | √ James B. Beck (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
Louisiana | Joseph R. West | Republican | 1876 | Incumbent retired. Winner elected in 1882. Democratic gain. |
√ Randall L. Gibson (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
Maine | William P. Frye | Republican | 1881 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected in 1883. | √ William P. Frye (Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
Massachusetts | George Frisbie Hoar | Republican | 1877 | Incumbent re-elected in 1883. | √ George Frisbie Hoar (Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
Michigan | Thomas W. Ferry | Republican | 1871 1877 |
Incumbent lost re-election. Winner elected in 1882 or 1883. Republican hold. |
√ Thomas W. Palmer (Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
Minnesota | William Windom | Republican | 1870 (Appointed) 1871 1877 1881 (Special) |
Incumbent lost re-election. Winner elected in 1883. Republican hold. |
√ Dwight M. Sabin (Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
Mississippi | Lucius Q.C. Lamar II | Democratic | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected in 1883. | √ Lucius Q.C. Lamar II (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
Nebraska | Alvin Saunders | Republican | 1877 | Incumbent lost re-election. Winner elected in 1883. Republican hold. |
√ Charles F. Manderson (Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
New Hampshire | Edward H. Rollins | Republican | 1876 | Incumbent lost re-election. Legislature failed to elect. Republican loss. |
None. |
New Jersey | John R. McPherson | Democratic | 1877 | Incumbent re-elected in 1883. | √ John R. McPherson (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
North Carolina | Matt W. Ransom | Democratic | 1872 (Special) 1876 |
Incumbent re-elected in 1883. | √ Matt W. Ransom (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
Oregon | La Fayette Grover | Democratic | 1882 or 1883 | Incumbent retired. Winner elected in 1882. Republican gain. |
√ Joseph N. Dolph (Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
Rhode Island | Henry B. Anthony | Republican | 1858 1864 1870 1876 |
Incumbent re-elected in 1882. | √ Henry B. Anthony (Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
South Carolina | Matthew Butler | Democratic | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected in 1882. | √ Matthew Butler (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
Tennessee | Isham G. Harris | Democratic | 1877 | Incumbent re-elected in 1883. | √ Isham G. Harris (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
Texas | Richard Coke | Democratic | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected in 1882. | √ Richard Coke (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
Virginia | John W. Johnston | Democratic | 1871 1877 |
Incumbent lost re-election. Winner elected early December 21, 1881.[4] Readjuster gain. Winner caucused with the Republicans.[4] |
√ Harrison H. Riddleberger (Readjuster) John W. Johnston (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
West Virginia | Henry G. Davis | Democratic | 1871 1877 |
Incumbent retired. Winner's election date unknown. Democratic hold. |
√ John E. Kenna (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
Elections during the 48th Congress
In this election, the winner was elected in 1883 after March 4.
State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
New Hampshire | Vacant | Legislature had failed to elect. Winner elected August 2, 1883.[5] Republican gain. |
√ Austin F. Pike (Republican) 181 Harry Bingham 112 Gilman Marston (Republican) 19 Edward H. Rollins (Republican) 1 William S. Ladd (Republican) 1 Aaron F. Stevens (Republican) 1 |
Complete list of races
Iowa
- On January 25, 1882, the Iowa General Assembly elected James W. McDill (Republican) to finish the term over M. M. Ham and Daniel Campbell.[2] James F. Wilson (Republican) was elected to the full six-year term on January 25, 1882 over L. G. Kinne and D. P. Subbs.[2]
See also
References
- 1 2 The Readjusters caucused with the Republicans.
- 1 2 3 4 Clark, p. 199
- 1 2 Blackmar, Frank Wilson (1912). Kansas: A Cyclopedia of State History, Embracing Events, Institutions, Industries, Counties, Cities, Towns, Prominent Persons, Etc. ... Kansas: Standard Publishing Company. p. 757.
- 1 2 Jones Salmon, Emily. "Harrison H. Riddleberger (1843–1890)". Encyclopedia Virginia/Dictionary of Virginia Biography. Retrieved March 4, 2015.
- ↑ "A Long Dead-Lock Broken: Austin F. Pike Elected Senator from New-Hampshire". New York Times. August 3, 1883. p. 1. Retrieved July 26, 2016.
- Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov
- Clark, Dan Elbert (1912). "History of Senatorial Elections in Iowa". Iowa City, Iowa.