United States Senate elections, 1808 and 1809

Dates vary by state

12 of the 34 seats in the United States Senate (plus special elections) 18 seats needed for a majority

	Majority party	Minority party

Party	Democratic-Republican	Federalist
Last election	27 seats	7 seats
Seats before	28	6
Seats won	8	4
Seats after	27	7
Seat change	1	1
Seats up	9	3

Majority party before election

Democratic-Republican

Elected Majority party

Democratic-Republican

The United States Senate elections of 1808 and 1809 were elections that had the Federalist Party gain one seat in the United States Senate, and which coincided with the 1808 presidential election. The Federalists had gone into the elections with such a small share of Senate seats (6 out of 34, or 18%) that even if they had won every election, they would have still remained a minority caucus.

As these elections were prior to ratification of the seventeenth amendment, Senators were chosen by State legislatures.

Results summary

Senate Party Division, 11th Congress (1809–1811)

Majority Party: Democratic-Republican (26)
Minority Party: Federalist (7–8)
Other Parties: 0
Total Seats: 34

Change in Senate composition

Before the elections

DR₇	DR₆	DR₅	DR₄	DR₃	DR₂	DR₁
DR₈	DR₉	DR₁₀	DR₁₁	DR₁₂	DR₁₃	DR₁₄	DR₁₅	DR₁₆	DR₁₇
Majority →									DR₁₈
DR₂₇	DR₂₆	DR₂₅	DR₂₄	DR₂₃	DR₂₂	DR₂₁	DR₂₀	DR₁₉
DR₂₈	F₆	F₅	F₄	F₃	F₂	F₁

Beginning of the next Congress

DR₇	DR₆	DR₅	DR₄	DR₃	DR₂	DR₁
DR₈	DR₉	DR₁₀	DR₁₁	DR₁₂	DR₁₃	DR₁₄	DR₁₅	DR₁₆	DR₁₇
Majority →									DR₁₈
DR₂₇ Hold	DR₂₆ Hold	DR₂₅ Hold	DR₂₄ Re-elected	DR₂₃ Re-elected	DR₂₂ Re-elected	DR₂₁ Re-elected	DR₂₀ Re-elected	DR₁₉
F₇ Gain	F₆ Hold	F₅ Re-elected	F₄ Re-elected	F₃	F₂	F₁

Key:

DR_#	Democratic-Republican
F_#	Federalist
V_#	Vacant

Race summaries

Special elections during the preceding Congress

In these special elections, the winner was elected during 1808 or before March 4, 1809; ordered by election date.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Massachusetts (Class 1)	John Quincy Adams	Federalist	1802	Incumbent resigned June 8, 1808, having broken with his party and lost re-election to the next term. Winner elected June 9, 1808, having already won election to the next term. Federalist hold	√ James Lloyd (Federalist) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Ohio (Class 1)	John Smith	Democratic- Republican	1803	Incumbent resigned April 25, 1808, despite surviving an expulsion trial in the Senate. Winner elected December 12, 1808. Democratic-Republican hold	√ Return J. Meigs, Jr. (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Pennsylvania (Class 1)	Samuel Maclay	Democratic- Republican	1802	Incumbent resigned January 4, 1809, believing he would lose re-election. Winner elected January 9, 1809, having already won election to the next term. Democratic-Republican hold	√ Michael Leib (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]

Races leading to the next Congress

In these general elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1809; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 1 seats.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Connecticut	James Hillhouse	Federalist	1796 1797 1803	Incumbent re-elected in 1809.	√ James Hillhouse (Federalist) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Delaware	Samuel White	Federalist	1801 (Appointed) 1803	Incumbent re-elected in 1809.	√ Samuel White (Federalist) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Maryland	Samuel Smith	Democratic- Republican	1802	Incumbent re-elected in 1809.	√ Samuel Smith (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Massachusetts	John Quincy Adams	Federalist	1802	Incumbent lost re-election, then resigned. Winner elected in 1808 and subsequently elected to finish the remaining term, see above. Federalist hold.	√ James Lloyd (Federalist) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
New Jersey	John Condit	Democratic- Republican	1803 (Appointed) 1803 (Special)	Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. Winner elected in 1808 or 1809. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ John Lambert (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
New York	Samuel L. Mitchill	Democratic- Republican	1804 (Special)	Incumbent lost re-election. Winner elected February 7, 1809. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ Obadiah German (Democratic-Republican) 52.4% David Brooks (Federalist) 34.7% Samuel L. Mitchill (Democratic-Republican) 12.9%^[1]
Ohio	Return J. Meigs, Jr.	Democratic- Republican	1808 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected in 1809.	√ Return J. Meigs, Jr. (Democratic-Republican) Alexander Campbell (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Pennsylvania	Samuel Maclay	Democratic- Republican	1808 (Special)	Incumbent retired. Winner elected in 1808 and subsequently elected to finish the remaining term, see above. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ Michael Leib (Democratic-Republican) Joseph Hemphill (Federalist) 19.05% John D. Coxe (Constitutional) 8.73% Not voting 0.79%
Rhode Island	Benjamin Howland	Democratic- Republican	1804 (Special)	Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. Winner elected in 1808 or 1809. Federalist gain	√ Francis Malbone (Federalist) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Tennessee	Joseph Anderson	Democratic- Republican	1797 (Special) 1799 (Resigned) 1799 (Special) 1803	Incumbent re-elected in 1809.	√ Joseph Anderson (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Vermont	Jonathan Robinson	Democratic- Republican	1807 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected in 1809.	√ Jonathan Robinson (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Virginia	Andrew Moore	Democratic- Republican	1804 (Appointed) 1804 (Resigned) 1804 (Special)	Unknown in incumbent retired or lost re-election. Winner elected in 1808 or 1809. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ Stevens Mason (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]

Special elections during the next Congress

In this special election, the winner was elected in 1809 after March 4; ordered by election date.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Tennessee (Class 2)	Daniel Smith	Democratic- Republican	1798 (Special) 1799 (Resigned) 1804	Incumbent resigned March 31, 1809. Winner elected April 11, 1809. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ Jenkin Whiteside (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Rhode Island (Class 1)	Francis Malbone	Federalist	1808	Newly seated incumbent died. Winner elected June 26, 1809. Federalist hold.	√ Christopher G. Champlin (Federalist) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Ohio (Class 3)	Stanley Griswold	Democratic- Republican	1809 (Appointed)	Incumbent appointee retired. Winner elected December 11, 1809. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ Alexander Campbell (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Georgia (Class 3)	John Milledge	Democratic- Republican	1806 (Special) 1806	Incumbent resigned November 14, 1809. Winner elected November 27, 1809. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ Charles Tait (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
New Jersey (Class 2)	John Condit	Democratic- Republican	1803 (Appointed) 1803 (Special) 1809 (Retired or lost) 1809 (Appointed)	Incumbent appointee elected November 2, 1809.	√ John Condit (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]

References

Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov

↑ "NY US Senate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 23, 2015.

United States Senate elections

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