United States Senate elections, 1796 and 1797

Dates vary by state

11 of the 32 seats in the United States Senate (plus special elections) 17 seats needed for a majority

	Majority party	Minority party

Party	Federalist	Democratic-Republican
Last election	20 seats	10 seats
Seats before	19	12
Seats won	9	1
Seats after	20	10
Seat change	1	2
Seats up	8	3

Majority party before election

Federalist

Elected Majority party

Federalist

The United States Senate elections of 1796 and 1797 were elections for the United States Senate which, coinciding with John Adams's election as President, had the ruling Federalist Party gain one seat.

As these elections were prior to ratification of the seventeenth amendment, Senators were chosen by State legislatures.

Results summary

Senate Party Division, 5th Congress (1797–1799)

Majority Party: Federalist (21)
Minority Party: Democratic-Republican (10)
Vacant: 1 (later filled by Democratic-Republican)
Total Seats: 32

Change in Senate composition

Before the elections

After the August 2, 1796 admission of Tennessee.

DR₆	DR₅	DR₄	DR₃	DR₂	DR₁
DR₇	DR₈	DR₉	DR₁₀ Ran	DR₁₁ Ran	DR₁₂ Unknown	V₁	F₁₉ Resigned	F₁₈ Resigned	F₁₇ Ran
Majority →									F₁₇ Ran
F₇	F₈	F₉	F₁₀	F₁₁	F₁₂ Ran	F₁₃ Ran	F₁₄ Ran	F₁₅ Ran	F₁₆ Ran
F₆	F₅	F₄	F₃	F₂	F₁

Results of the elections

DR₆	DR₅	DR₄	DR₃	DR₂	DR₁
DR₇	DR₈	DR₉	DR₁₀ Re-elected	V₂ DR Loss	V₁	F₂₀ Gain	F₁₉ Hold	F₁₈ Hold	F₁₇ Re-elected
Majority →									F₁₇ Re-elected
F₇	F₈	F₉	F₁₀	F₁₁	F₁₂ Re-elected	F₁₃ Re-elected	F₁₄ Re-elected	F₁₅ Re-elected	F₁₆ Re-elected
F₆	F₅	F₄	F₃	F₂	F₁

Beginning of the next Congress

DR₆	DR₅	DR₄	DR₃	DR₂	DR₁
DR₇	DR₈	DR₉	DR₁₀ Hold	V₂	F₂₁ Gain	F₂₀ Hold	F₁₉ Hold	F₁₈	F₁₇
Majority →									F₁₇
F₇	F₈	F₉	F₁₀	F₁₁	F₁₂	F₁₃	F₁₄	F₁₅	F₁₆
F₆	F₅	F₄	F₃	F₂	F₁

Key:

DR_#	Democratic-Republican
F_#	Federalist
V_#	Vacant

Race summaries

Special elections during the 4th Congress

In these special elections, the winner was seated before March 4, 1797; ordered by election date.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Georgia (Class 3)	George Walton	Federalist	1795 (Appointed)	Appointee retired when successor elected. Winner elected February 20, 1796. Democratic-Republican gain.	√ Josiah Tattnall (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Connecticut (Class 1)	Oliver Ellsworth	Federalist	1788 1791	Incumbent resigned to become Chief Justice of the United States. Winner elected May 12, 1796. Federalist hold.	√ James Hillhouse (Federalist) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Massachusetts (Class 1)	George Cabot	Federalist	1790	Incumbent resigned June 9, 1796. Winner elected June 11, 1796. Federalist hold.	√ Benjamin Goodhue (Federalist) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Massachusetts (Class 2)	Caleb Strong	Federalist	1789 1793	Incumbent resigned June 1, 1796. Winner elected June 11, 1796. Federalist hold.	√ Theodore Sedgwick (Federalist) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Connecticut (Class 3)	Jonathan Trumbull, Jr.	Federalist	1794 or 1795	Incumbent resigned June 10, 1796 to become Lieutenant Governor of Connecticut. Winner elected October 13, 1796. Federalist hold.	√ Uriah Tracy (Federalist) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Vermont (Class 1)	Moses Robinson	Federalist	1791 (New state)	Incumbent resigned October 15, 1796. Winner elected October 18, 1796. Federalist hold.	√ Isaac Tichenor (Federalist) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
New York (Class 3)	Rufus King	Federalist	1789 1795	Incumbent resigned May 23, 1796 to become U.S. Minister to Great Britain. Winner elected November 9, 1796. Federalist hold.	√ John Laurance (Federalist) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Maryland (Class 1)	Richard Potts	Federalist	1793 (Special)	Incumbent resigned October 24, 1796. Winner elected November 30, 1796. Federalist hold.	√ John Eager Howard (Federalist) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
South Carolina (Class 2)	Pierce Butler	Democratic- Republican	1789 1793	Incumbent resigned October 25, 1796. Winner elected December 8, 1796. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ John Hunter (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]

Races leading to the 5th Congress

In these general elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1797; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 1 seats.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Connecticut	James Hillhouse	Federalist	1796 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected in 1797.	√ James Hillhouse (Federalist) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Delaware	Henry Latimer	Federalist	1795 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected in 1796.	√ Henry Latimer (Federalist) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Maryland	John Eager Howard	Federalist	1796 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected December 9, 1796.	√ John Eager Howard (Federalist) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Massachusetts	George Cabot	Federalist	1790	Incumbent resigned June 9, 1796. Winner elected June 11, 1796. Federalist hold. Winner also elected to finish the current term, see above.	√ Benjamin Goodhue (Federalist) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
New Jersey	John Rutherfurd	Federalist	1790	Incumbent re-elected in 1796.	√ John Rutherfurd (Federalist) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
New York	Aaron Burr	Democratic- Republican	1791	Incumbent lost re-election. Winner elected January 24, 1797. Federalist gain.	√ Philip Schuyler (Federalist) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Pennsylvania	James Ross	Federalist	1794 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected in 1797.	√ James Ross (Federalist) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Rhode Island	Theodore Foster	Federalist	1790 1791	Incumbent re-elected in 1797.	√ Theodore Foster (Federalist) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Tennessee	William Cocke	Democratic- Republican	1796	Legislature failed to elect. Democratic-Republican loss. Incumbent later appointed to continue term.^[1]	None
Vermont	Moses Robinson	Federalist	1791 (New state)	Incumbent resigned October 15, 1796. Winner elected October 18, 1796. Federalist hold. Winner also elected to finish the current term, see above.	√ Isaac Tichenor (Federalist) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Virginia	Stevens Mason	Democratic- Republican	1794 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected in 1797.	√ Stevens Mason (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]

Special elections during the 5th Congress

In these special elections, the winners were seated after March 4, 1797, the beginning of the next Congress.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Tennessee (Class 2)	William Blount	Democratic- Republican	1796	Incumbent expelled July 8, 1797.^[2] Winner elected July 8, 1797. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ Joseph Anderson (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Tennessee (Class 1)	William Cocke	Democratic- Republican	1796 1797 (Appointed)	Appointee did not stand for election. Winner elected September 26, 1797. Democratic-Republican hold.	√ Andrew Jackson (Democratic-Republican) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Vermont (Class 1)	Isaac Tichenor	Federalist	1796 (Special)	Incumbent resigned October 17, 1797 to become Governor of Vermont. Winner elected October 17, 1797. Federalist hold.	√ Nathaniel Chipman (Federalist) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Rhode Island (Class 2)	William Bradford	Federalist	1793	Incumbent resigned in October 1797. Winner elected November 13, 1797. Federalist hold.	√ Ray Greene (Federalist) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
Maryland (Class 3)	John Henry	Federalist	1789 1795	Incumbent resigned July 10, 1797 to become Governor of Maryland. Winner elected December 8, 1797. Federalist hold.	√ James Lloyd (Federalist) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!]

References

Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov

↑ United States Congress. "William Cocke (id: C000572)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved January 4, 2013.
↑ United States Congress. "William Blount (id: B000570)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved January 4, 2013.

United States Senate elections

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