Icelandic exonyms
The following is a list of Icelandic exonyms, that is to say names for places in Icelandic that have been adapted to Icelandic spelling rules, translated into Icelandic or are simply native names from Viking times (i.e. old endonyms surviving in Icelandic).
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
| Language | Native name | Icelandic exonym |
|---|---|---|
 Albania Albanía | ||
| Albanian | Tiranë | Tirana |
 Afghanistan Afghanistan | ||
| Persian - Pashto | Kābul - Kabəl | Kabúl |
 Algeria Alsír | ||
| Arabic | Al-Ŷazā'ir | Algeirsborg |
 Armenia Armenía | ||
| Armenian | Yerəvan | Jerevan |
 Angola Angóla | ||
| Portuguese | Luanda | Lúanda |
 Argentina Argentína | ||
| Spanish | Buenos Aires | Góðviðra (not used) |
| Tierra del Fuego | Eldland | |
 Austria Austurríki | ||
| German | Wien | Vín or Vínarborg |
 Australia Ástralía | ||
| English | New South Wales | Nýja Suður-Wales |
| South Australia | Suður-Ástralía | |
| Western Australia | Vestur-Ástralía | |
| Australian Capital Territory | Höfuðborgarsvæði Ástralíu | |
| Northern Territory | Norður-svæðið | |
| Christmas Island | Jólaeyja | |
| Cocos (Keeling) Islands | Kókoseyjar | |
| Norfolk Island | Norfolkeyjar | |
| Heard Island and McDonald Islands | Heard og McDonaldseyjar | |
 Azerbaijan Aserbaídsjan | ||
| Azerbaijani | Bakı | Bakú |
 The Bahamas Bahamaeyjar | ||
| English | Nassau | Nassá |
 Belarus Hvíta-Rússland | ||
| Belarusian | Polotsk | Palteskja (historical) |
 Belize Belís | ||
| English | Belmopan | Belmópan |
 Bhutan Bútan | ||
| Dzongkha | Thimphu | Timfú |
 Bolivia Bólivía | ||
| Spanish - Quechua | Sucre - Chuqichaka | Súkre |
 Bosnia Bosnía | ||
| Bosnian | Sarajevo | Sarajevó |
 Botswana Botsvana | ||
| English - Tswana | Gaborone | Gaboróne |
 Brazil Brasilía | ||
| Portuguese | Brasília | Brasilía |
 Burma Mjanmar | ||
| Burmese | Yangon | Jangún |
 Burundi Búrúndí | ||
| French | Bujumbura | Bújúmbúra |
 Cameroon Kamerún | ||
| French - English | Douala | Dóúala |
| Yaoundé | Jánde | |
 Canada Kanada | ||
| English - French | Toronto | Torontó |
 Central African Republic Mið-Afríkulýðveldið | ||
| French | Bangui | Bangví |
 Chile Síle | ||
| Spanish | Rapa Nui | Páskaeyja |
| Santiago | Santíagó | |
 China Kína | ||
| Mandarin (pinyin Romanization) | Beijing | Peking |
| Shanghai | Sjanghæ | |
| Tianjin | Tientsin | |
| Qingdao | Tsingtao | |
| Nanjing | Nanking | |
| Xiamen | Amoy | |
| Guilin | Kweilin | |
| Guangzhou | Kanton | |
 Macau Makaó | ||
| Portuguese - Cantonese | Macau | Makaó |
 Taiwan Formósa | ||
| Mandarin (pinyin Romanization) | Táiběi | Taípei, Tæpei |
 Colombia Kólumbía | ||
| Spanish | Bogotá | Bógóta |
 Cook Islands Cookseyjar | ||
| Māori - English | Avarua | Avarúa |
 Cyprus Kýpur | ||
| Greek - Turkish | Lefkosía - Lefkoşa | Nikósía |
 Czech Republic Tékkland | ||
| Czech | Plzeň | Pilsen |
| Praha | Prag | |
 Denmark Danmörk | ||
| Danish | Aalborg | Álaborg |
| Aarhus | Árósar | |
| Helsingør | Helsingjaeyri | |
| Falster | Falstur | |
| Fredrikshavn | Friðrikshöfn | |
| Fyn | Fjón | |
| Humlebæk | Humlabekk (little used) | |
| Jelling | Jalangur | |
| Jylland | Jótland | |
| København (Copenhagen) | Kaupmannahöfn | |
| Lolland | Láland | |
| Læsø | Hlésey | |
| Odense | Óðinsvé | |
| Ribe | Rípar | |
| Ringsted | Hringstað | |
| Roskilde | Hróarskelda | |
| Silkeborg | Silkiborg | |
| Sjælland | Sjáland | |
| Skagen | Skaginn | |
| Slagelse | Slagleysa | |
| Sorø | Sórey | |
| Viborg | Vébjörg | |
 Dominican Republic Dóminíska Lýðveldið | ||
| Spanish | Santo Domingo | Santó Dómingó |
 Egypt Egyptaland | ||
| Arabic | Al-Iskandariyya | Alexandría |
| Qāhirah | Kaíró | |
| Suways | Súes | |
 Equatorial Guinea Miðbaugs-Gínea | ||
| French - Spanish | Malabo | Malabó |
 Ethiopia Eþíópía | ||
| Amharic | Adis Abäba | Addis Ababa |
 Faroe Islands Færeyjar | ||
| Faroese | Fuglafjørður | Fuglafjörður |
| Fugloy | Fugley | |
| Klaksvík | Klakksvík | |
| Nólsoy | Nólsey | |
| Tórshavn | Þórshöfn | |
 Finland Finnland | ||
| Finnish - Swedish | Turku - Åbo | Árbæ |
 France Frakkland | ||
| French | Bretagne | Bertangaland (obsolete), Bretanía (current) |
| Bourgogne | Búrgund | |
| Corse | Korsíka | |
| Nantes | Namsborg (obsolete) | |
| Normandy | Norðmandí (obsolete), Normandí (current) | |
| Paris | París | |
| Poitiers | Peituborg | |
| Reims | Reimsborg | |
| Rouen | Rúðuborg | |
| Strasbourg | Strassborg | |
| Versailles | Versalir | |
 French Polynesia Franska Pólýnesía | ||
| Tahitian - French | ’Enana mā | Markesaseyjar |
| Tōtaiete mā | Félagseyjar | |
| Tahiti | Tahítí | |
| Tūāmotu mā | Lágeyjar (obsolete) | |
 Ghana Gana | ||
| English | Accra | Akkra |
 Georgia Georgía | ||
| Georgian | Tbi'lisi | Tíblisi (Tíflis in common parlance) |
 Germany Þýskaland | ||
| German | Berlin | Berlín |
| Bavaria | Bæjaraland | |
| Braunschweig | Brúnsvík (obsolete) | |
| Bremen | Brimar | |
| Flensburg | Flensborg | |
| Frankfurt | Frakkafurða (little used) | |
| Hamburg | Hamborg | |
| Haddeby | Heiðabær | |
| Holstein | Holtsetaland | |
| Kiel | Kíl | |
| Köln (Cologne) | Kolni (little used) | |
| Lübeck | Lýbika | |
| Oldenburg | Aldinborg | |
| Rostock | Rauðstokkur (obsolete) | |
| Schleswig | Slésvík | |
| Stralsund | Stræla | |
| Stuttgart | Stóðgarður (little used) | |
| Verden | Ferðuborg (obsolete) | |
 Greece Grikkland | ||
| Greek | Athína | Aþena |
| Límnos | Lemney | |
| Thessaloníki | Saloníka (obsolete), Þessalónika (current) | |
 Guinea Gínea | ||
| French | Conakry | Kónakrí |
 Guatemala Gvatemala | ||
| Spanish | Ciudad de Guatemala | Gvatemalaborg |
 Guinea-Bissau Gínea-Bissá | ||
| Portuguese | Bissau | Bissá |
 Hungary Ungverjaland | ||
| Hungarian | Budapest | Búdapest |
 India Indland | ||
| Hindi - English | Kolkata | Kalkútta (obsolete) |
| Naī Dillī - New Delhi | Nýja-Delí | |
 Indonesia Indónesía | ||
| Indonesian | DKI Jakarta | Djakarta |
 Iran Íran | ||
| Persian | Tehrān | Teheran |
 Iraq Írak | ||
| Arabic - Kurdish | Baġdād - Bexda | Bagdad |
 Ireland Írland | ||
| Irish | Áth Cliath/Dubhlinn (Dublin) | Dyflinn(i) |
| Luimneach (Limerick) | Hlymrek (obsolete) | |
 Israel Ísrael | ||
| Hebrew - Arabic | Yerushaláyim - al Quds | Jórsalaborg (obsolete), Jerúsalem (current) |
| Ḥeifa - Ḥayfā | Haífa | |
| Tel Aviv Yafo - Tal ʼAbīb | Tel Avív | |
 Italy Ítalía | ||
| Italian | Bari | Bár (obsolete) |
| Firenze | Flórens | |
| Genova | Genúa | |
| Lucca | Lukkuborg (obsolete) | |
| Milano | Meilansborg (obsolete), Mílanó (current) | |
| Napoli | Napólí | |
| Roma | Róm, Rómaborg | |
| Salerno | Salernisborg (obsolete; literally means "Toilet city") | |
| Torino | Tórínó | |
| Venezia | Feneyjar | |
 Japan Japan | ||
| Japanese | Kyōto-shi | Kýótó |
| Tōkyō | Tókýó | |
 Kenya Kenýa | ||
| English - Swahili | Nairobi | Naíróbí |
 Latvia Lettland | ||
| Latvian | Rīga | Ríga |
 Lebanon Líbanon | ||
| Arabic - French | Bayrūt - Beyrouth | Beirút |
 Liberia Líbería | ||
| English | Monrovia | Monróvía |
 Libya Líbýa | ||
| Arabic | Ṭarābulus | Trípólí |
 Lithuania Litháen | ||
| Lithuanian | Vilnius | Vilníus |
 Madagascar Madagaskar | ||
| Malagasy - French | Antananarivo | Antananarívó |
 Malawi Malaví | ||
| English | Lilongwe | Lílongve |
 Malaysia Malasía | ||
| Malay | Kuala Lumpur | Kúala Lúmpúr |
 Mali Malí | ||
| French - Bambara | Bamako - Bamakə | Bamakó |
| Tombouctou - Timbuktu | Timbúktú | |
 Marshall Islands Marshalleyjar | ||
| Marshallese - English | Majuro | Majúró |
 Mauritania Máritanía | ||
| Arabic - French | Nouakchott | Núaksjott |
 Mexico Mexíkó | ||
| Spanish | Ciudad de México | Mexíkóborg |
 Moldova Moldóva | ||
| Romanian | Chişinău | Kisínev |
 Mongolia Mongólía | ||
| Mongolian | Ulaanbaatar | Úlan Bator |
 Mozambique Mósambík | ||
| Portuguese | Maputo | Mapútó |
 North Korea Norður-Kórea | ||
| Korean | P'yŏngyang | Pjongjang |
 Nepal Nepal | ||
| Nepali | Kāţhmāņđau | Katmandú |
 The Netherlands Holland | ||
| Dutch | Amsterdam | Amsturdammur (little used), Erilstífla (little used) |
| Den Haag or ´s Gravenhage | Haag | |
| Utrecht | Trekt (little used) | |
| Zuiderzee | Suðursjó (historical) | |
 Nicaragua Níkaragva | ||
| Spanish | Managua | Managva |
 Niger Níger | ||
| French | Niamey | Níamey |
 Nigeria Nígería | ||
| English - Yorùbá | Abuja-Abùjá | Abútja |
 Norway Noregur | ||
| Norwegian | ||
| Akershus | Akurshús | |
| Arendal | Arnardalur | |
| Aust-Agder | Aust-Agðir | |
| Bergen | Björgyn (obsolete), Björgvin (current) | |
| Bjørnøya | Bjarnarey | |
| Bodø | Boðvin | |
| Bærum | Bergheimur (obsolete) | |
| Drammen | Dröfn (obsolete) | |
| Finnmark | Finnmörk | |
| Gjøvik | Djúpvík (historical) | |
| Hedmark | Heiðmörk | |
| Hordaland | Hörðaland | |
| Longyearbyen | Longyearbær | |
| Møre og Romsdal | Mæri og Raumsdalur | |
| Nord-Trøndelag, Sør-Trøndelag | Norður-Þrændalög, Suður-Þrændalög | |
| Nordland | Norðurland | |
| Oslo | Kauphágur (historical), Ósló (current) | |
| Sogn og Fjordane | Sogn og Firðafylki | |
| Stavanger | Stafangur | |
| Telemark | Þelamörk | |
| Trondheim | Niðarós (historical), Þrándheimur (current) | |
| Østfold | Austfold | |
| Ålesund | Álasund | |
 Oman Óman | ||
| Arabic | Masqaṭ | Múskat |
 Paraguay Paragvæ | ||
| Spanish - Guaraní | Asunción | Asúnsjón |
 Peru Perú | ||
| Spanish | Lima | Líma |
 Philippines Filippseyjar | ||
| Tagalog - Cebuano | Maynila - Manila | Maníla |
 Poland Pólland | ||
| Polish | Kraków | Kraká |
| Warszawa | Varsjá | |
| Szczecin | Stettín | |
 Portugal Portúgal | ||
| Portuguese | Lisboa | Lissabon |
 Romania Rúmenía | ||
| Romanian | Bucureşti | Búkarest |
| Constanţa | Konstantía | |
 Russia Rússland | ||
| Russian | Murom | Móramar (historical) |
| Novgorod | Hólmgarður | |
| Rostov | Ráðstofa | |
| Sankt Peterburg | Sankti Pétursborg | |
| Smolensk | Smáleskja (historical) | |
| Staraya Ladoga | Aldeigjuborg (historical) | |
| Suzdal | Súrsdalar (historical) | |
 Rwanda Rúanda | ||
| Kinyarwanda - French | Kigali | Kígalí |
 Samoa Samóa | ||
| Samoan | Apia | Apía |
 Saudi Arabia Sádí-Arabía | ||
| Arabic | Makkah | Mekka |
| Riyāḍ | Ríad | |
 Serbia Serbía | ||
| Serbian | Beograd | Belgrad |
 Somalia Sómalía | ||
| Somali - Arabic | Muqdisho - Maqadīshū | Mógadisjú |
 South Africa Suður-Afríka | ||
| English - Afrikaans | Cape of Good Hope | Góðrarvonarhöfði |
| Cape Town - Kaapstad | Höfðaborg | |
| Johannesburg | Jóhannesarborg | |
| Pretoria | Pretoría | |
 South Korea Suður-Kórea | ||
| Korean | Seoul | Seúl |
 Spain Spánn | ||
| Spanish | Barcelona | Barselóna |
 Sri Lanka Srí Lanka | ||
| Sinhala - Tamil | Sri Jayawardenapura-Kotte | Srí Jajevardenepúra |
 Sudan Súdan | ||
| Arabic - English | Kharṭūm - Khartoum | Kartúm |
 Suriname Súrínam | ||
| Dutch | Paramaribo | Paramaríbó |
 Sweden Svíþjóð | ||
| Swedish | Göteborg | Gautaborg |
| Helsingborg | Helsingjaborg | |
| Lund | Lundur | |
| Malmö | Málmhaugar | |
| Stockholm | Stokkhólmur | |
| Uppsala | Uppsalir | |
 Switzerland Sviss | ||
| German - French | Basel - Bâle | Boslaraborg (obsolete) |
 Syria Sýrland | ||
| Arabic | Dimašq | Damaskus |
 Tajikistan Tadsjikistan | ||
| Tajik | Dushanbe | Dúshanbe |
 Tanzania Tansanía | ||
| Swahili | Dodoma | Dódóma |
 Thailand Taíland | ||
| Thai | Krung Thep | Bangkok |
 Tonga Tonga | ||
| Tongan - English | Nukuʻalofa | Núkúalófa |
 Turkey Tyrkland | ||
| Turkish | İstanbul | Mikligarður (historical), Istanbúl (current) |
 Ukraine Úkraína | ||
| Ukrainian | Kiev | Kænugarður |
 United Arab Emirates Sameinuðu Arabísku Furstadæmin | ||
| Arabic | Abū Zabī | Abú Dabí |
| 'Ajmān | Adsman | |
| Dubayy | Dúbæ | |
 United Kingdom Bretland | ||
| English | Aberdeen | Apardjón (obsolete) |
| Canterbury | Kantaraborg | |
| Dover | Dofrar (little used) | |
| Edinburgh | Edinborg | |
| Yarmouth | Járnamóða (little used) | |
| Cambridge | Kambabryggja (little used) | |
| Lerwick | Leirvík | |
| London | Lundúnir | |
| Southampton | Suðurhamtún (little used) | |
| Oxford | Öxnafurða (little used) | |
| Scarborough | Skarðaborg (obsolete) | |
| York | Jórvík | |
 United States Bandaríkin | ||
| English | ||
| California | Kalifornía | |
| New York | Nýja-Jórvík (not in common use, a jocular term of academic pretension) | |
| South Dakota | Suður-Dakóta | |
 Uruguay Úrúgvæ | ||
| Spanish | Montevideo | Montevídeó |
 Uzbekistan Úsbekistan | ||
| Uzbek | Toshkent | Taskent |
 Vatican City Vatíkanið or Páfagarður | ||
| Latin | Status Civitatis Vaticanae | Páfagarður |
 Venezuela Venesúela | ||
| Spanish | Caracas | Karakas |
 Vietnam Víetnam | ||
| Vietnamese | Hà Nội | Hanoí |
| Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh | Hochimin-borg | |
 Zambia Sambía | ||
| English | Lusaka | Lúsaka |
| Language | Native name | Icelandic exonym |
See also
References
- Íslensk orðabók (2003). Edited by Mörður Árnason. ISBN 9979-3-2353-1
- Icelandic Language Center:Country names
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