Pančevo

Pančevo
Панчево
City

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Coat of arms
Pančevo

Location of Pančevo within Serbia

Coordinates: 44°52′14″N 20°38′25″E / 44.87056°N 20.64028°E / 44.87056; 20.64028Coordinates: 44°52′14″N 20°38′25″E / 44.87056°N 20.64028°E / 44.87056; 20.64028
Country Serbia
Province Vojvodina
District South Banat
Government
 • Mayor Saša Pavlov (SNS)
Elevation 80 m (260 ft)
Population (2011)
 • City 76,203
 • Density 512/km2 (1,330/sq mi)
 • Metro 123,414
Time zone CET (UTC+1)
 • Summer (DST) CEST (UTC+2)
Postal code 26000
Area code(s) +381(0)13
Car plates PA
Website www.pancevo.rs
Map of city of Pančevo

Pančevo (Serbian Cyrillic: Панчево, pronounced [pâːnt͡ʃe̞v̞ɔ̝], Hungarian: Pancsova, Romanian: Panciova, Slovak: Pánčevo) is a city located in the southern part of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina in the Republic of Serbia. Pančevo is located on the banks of the Danube and Tamiš, in the southern part of Banat, and it is the administrative headquarters of the city of Pančevo and the South Banat District.

Pančevo is the fourth largest city in Vojvodina by population. According to preliminary results of the 2011 census, 76,203 people live in Pančevo. According to the official results of the year 2011, the city of Pančevo has 123,414 inhabitants.

Name

In Serbian, the town is known as Pančevo (Панчево), in Hungarian as Pancsova, in Turkish as Pançova, in German as Pantschowa, in Romanian as Panciova, in Slovak as Pánčevo, in Rusyn as Панчево (Pančevo).

History

Early history

8th century BC bird-shaped fibulae were found in the town.[1]

The first historical record mentioning the town is from 1153 book of "Idrisia" when it was a mercantile harbour. The city was populated by Serbs and was administered by the Bulgarian Empire in the 9th and 11th century and later by the Kingdom of Hungary, until the 16th century, when it became part of the Ottoman Empire. During the Ottoman rule, the city was part of the Ottoman Province of Temeşvar and was a large settlement mostly populated by ethnic Serbs.

Habsburg Monarchy

After 1716, the city was under Habsburg rule, and was included into Habsburg military province named Banat of Temeswar. In 1751, the northern parts of the province were placed under civil administration, while the southern parts (including Pančevo) were included into Military Frontier (Banat Krajina). During this time the Habsburg administration encouraged massive immigration of German settlers to develop the land. Soon the town of Pančevo was divided into two municipalities: one Serb, one "German". According to the 1767 data, the population of the Serb municipality numbered 424 families, while the population of the German municipality numbered 132 families. According to the 1787 data, the population of the city was composed of 3,506 Orthodox Christians and 2,005 Roman Catholics. The city was briefly restored to Ottoman administration from 1787 to 1788. In 1794, Serb and German municipality were joined into one.

In 1848/1849, Pančevo was part of the Serbian Voivodship, a Serb autonomous region within Austrian Empire, but in 1849 it was returned under administration of the Military Frontier. In 1873, the Banatian Military Frontier was abolished and the city was included into Torontal county. According to the 1910 census, the population of the city was 20,808, of whom 8,714 spoke Serbian language, 7,467, German language, 3,364 Hungarian language, etc.

After 1918

In 1918, Pančevo (with the rest of western Banat) became part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later renamed to Yugoslavia). According to the 1921 data, the population of the city was 19,362, of whom 9,422 were Serbs, 7,237 Germans, 887 Hungarians, etc. Between 1918 and 1922, the city was part of the Banat county, between 1922 and 1929 it was part of the Belgrade oblast, and between 1929 and 1941 it was part of the Belgrade city administration.

In April 1941, Pančevo was occupied as part of the invasion of Yugoslavia by Nazi Germany. Soldiers of the Infantry Regiment Grossdeutschland committed a war crime in the town cemetery when 35 men and one woman were executed as a reprisal for the deaths of four German soldiers. Propaganda photos and film of the executions were used decades after the event to help chronicle the Wehrmacht's complicity in German atrocities during the war.[2]

Between 1941 and 1944, Pančevo was under Axis occupation and was part of the autonomous Banat within German-occupied Serbia. Many local Danube Swabians were enlisted in the Waffen-SS after failing to volunteer in sufficient numbers. During the war, between 1941 and 1944, fascists killed about 12,000 people at the Small Marsh locality near Pančevo, including 6-7,000 Jews from Vojvodina, Serbia and Hungary.[3] Following the war, most Danube Swabians left from the city, together with occupational German army. Minority of them who remained in the city were expropriated of their private property and expelled; some men were murdered.

During 1999 the city was heavily bombed by NATO forces. Targets included an oil refinery, the Utva aircraft factory and chemical plants.

Inhabited places

The Pančevo municipality includes the city of Pančevo and the following villages:

City quarters

Local communities in Pančevo
LC Vojlovica:

LC Gornji grad:

LC Kotež:

  • Kotež 1
  • Kotež 2

LC Mladost:

  • Kudeljarski nasip
  • Misa
  • Mladost

LC Stari Tamiš:

  • Stari Tamiš

LC Strelište:

  • Strelište

LC Tesla:

  • Tesla

LC Centar:

  • Donji grad
  • Zelengora
  • Mali London
  • Pepeljara
  • Sodara
  • Topola
  • Utvina kolonija
  • Centar
LC-Local community

Demographics

According to official results from the 2011 Census, Pančevo has a population of 123,414. According to the 2011 census, nationality in the municipality of Pančevo are: Serbs (97,499), Macedonians (4,558), Romanians (3,173), Hungarians (3,422), Roma (2,118), and Slovaks (1,411).

Culture

Pančevo has one of the oldest monasteries in this region. Currently it is situated inside of Oil refinery (See Vojlovica monastery article).

City has many cultural events. One of them is ArtTech, international festival of digital arts.

Sport

The local football team is FK Dinamo Pančevo.

Economy

Pančevo has a strong industrial background with the petrochemical, fertilizer, machinery, and aircraft industries (See: Lola Utva aircraft factory, at the local airfield). It has a single oil refinery.

Twin cities

Famous citizens

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pančevo.

References

  1. ↑ http://sehumed.uv.es/revista/numero16/SEHUMED_colecc131.PDF
  2. ↑ Jürgen Martschukat, Violence and Visibility in Modern History, p.182 accessed online at https://books.google.ca/books?id=4zewAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA182&lpg=PA182&dq=pancevo+wehrmacht+der+spiegel&source=bl&ots=99vgXKg-Jq&sig=Is67Qtd_AuJ0EpUAHdmzUCO-hl4&hl=en&sa=X&ei=UxgbU4LzB4zioATmnoHwAg&ved=0CEkQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=pancevo%20wehrmacht%20der%20spiegel&f=false
  3. ↑ Soviet Jewish affairs, Volumes 11-12, Institute of Jewish Affairs, World Jewish Congress, 1981.
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