Timeline of 1960s counterculture

The following is a chronological capsule history of 1960s counterculture. Influential events and milestones beginning decades ahead of the 1960s are included for context relevant to the subject period of the early 1960s through the mid 1970s.

Pre-1950

1909

1919

1920

1938

1942

1944

1945

1946

1947

1948

1949

1950s

1950

1951

1952

1953

1954

1955

1956

1957

1958

1959

1960s

1960

1961

1962

1963

1964

1965

1966

1967

1968

1969

1970s

1970

1971

1972

1973

1974

1975

1977

1980

See also

References

  1. ↑ "NAACP: 100 Years of History". naacp.org. NAACP. Retrieved September 21, 2014. Founded Feb. 12. 1909, the NAACP is the nation's oldest, largest and most widely recognized grassroots-based civil rights organization. Its more than half-million members and supporters throughout the United States and the world are the premier advocates for civil rights in their communities, campaigning for equal opportunity and conducting voter mobilization.
  2. ↑ "A Brief History of Methamphetamine: Methamphetamine Prevention in Vermont". healthvermont.gov. Vermont Department of Health. Retrieved September 21, 2014. 1960s: Doctors in San Francisco drug clinics prescribe injections of methamphetamine to treat heroin addiction. Illegal abuse occurs in subcultures such as outlaw biker gangs and students, which cook and use the drug.
  3. ↑ Philip Jenkins (1999). Synthetic Panics: The Symbolic Politics of Designer Drugs. NYU Press. pp. 29–. ISBN 978-0-8147-4244-0.
  4. ↑ "ACLU History". www.aclu.org. American Civil Liberties Union. Retrieved April 25, 2014.
  5. ↑ "Obituary: Albert Hoffman". telegraph.co.uk. London: Telegraph Media Group Ltd. April 29, 2008. Retrieved May 21, 2014.
  6. ↑ "The History of CORE". core-online.org. Congress of Racial Equality. Retrieved September 21, 2014. The Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) was founded in 1942 as the Committee of Racial Equality by an interracial group of students in Chicago-Bernice Fisher, James R. Robinson, James L. Farmer, Jr., Joe Guinn, George Houser, and Homer Jack.. Many of these students were members of the Chicago branch of the Fellowship of Reconciliation (FOR), a pacifist organization seeking to change racist attitudes. The founders of CORE were deeply influenced by Mahatma Gandhi's teachings of nonviolent resistance.
  7. ↑ Larry Birnbaum (2013). Before Elvis: The Prehistory of Rock 'n' Roll. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 172–. ISBN 978-0-8108-8638-4.
  8. ↑ Lamont, Lansing (1965). Day of Trinity (2nd printing ed.). New York: Atheneum. p. 235. ISBN 978-0689706868. A pinprick of brilliant light punctured the darkness, spurted upward in a flaming jet, then spilled into a dazzling cloche of fire that bleached the desert to a ghastly white. It was precisely 5:29:45 A.M.
  9. ↑ File:Trinity Test Fireball 16ms.jpg
  10. ↑ File:Manhattan Project US Canada Map 2.svg
  11. ↑ "Hiroshima Totally Ruined, Life is Wiped Out, Say Japanese". news.google.com/newspapers. AP via The Spokane Chronicle. August 8, 1945. Retrieved May 27, 2014.
  12. ↑ Feinsilber, Mike (August 9, 1995). "Nagasaki's Laegacy: After Hiroshima, was it necessary to drop 2nd A-bomb?". AP via Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Retrieved May 27, 2014.
  13. ↑ Truman, Harry (1955). Memoirs, Vol. I: Year of Decisions. New York: Doubleday & Co.
  14. ↑ Njølstad, Olav (June 19, 2003). "The Development and Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons". nobelprize.org. Nobel Media AB.
  15. ↑ Halberstam, David (1993). The Fifties (First (pbk) ed.). New York: Willard Books (Random House). pp. 134–143. ISBN 0-679-41559-9. In 1944 there had been only 114,000 new houses started; by 1946 that figure had jumped to 937,000: to 1,118,000 in 1948; and 1.7 million in 1950.
  16. ↑ William H. Young; Nancy K. Young (2010). World War II and the Postwar Years in America: A Historical and Cultural Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. pp. 458–. ISBN 978-0-313-35652-0.
  17. ↑ "A Brief History of Levittown, New York". levittownhistoricalsociety.org. Levittown Historical Society. Retrieved July 30, 2014.
  18. ↑ "HUAC (Text & Multi-Media Resources)". history.com. A&E Networks. Retrieved June 23, 2014.
  19. ↑ Ceplair, Larry; Englund, Steven (1979). The Inquisition in Hollywood: Politics in the Film Community 1930-1960. Berkeley, CA, et al.: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-04886-5.
  20. ↑ "The Kinsey Institute: Chronology of Events and Landmark Publications". kinseyinstitute.org. The Kinsey Institute for Research in Sex, Gender, and Reproduction, Inc. Retrieved June 10, 2014.
  21. ↑ "Jackie Robinson". baseballhall.org. National Baseball Hall of Fame (US). Retrieved 2016-05-13. The impact Robinson made on Major League Baseball is one that will be forever remembered. On April 15 each season, every team in the majors celebrates Jackie Robinson Day in honor of when he truly broke the color barrier in baseball, becoming the first African-American player in the 20th century to take the field in the big leagues. He opened the door for many others and will forever be appreciated for his contribution to the game.
  22. ↑ Committee on Armed Services, U.S. House of Representatives (July 26, 1947). National Security Act of 1947 (1973-10 ed.). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. Public lAw 253, 80th Congress, July 26, 1947 (61 Stat. 495)
  23. ↑ "Milestones: 1945–1952 - National Security Act of 1947". history.state.gov. US Department of State. Retrieved June 23, 2014.
  24. ↑ "A Look Back … The National Security Act of 1947". cia.gov. US Central Intelligence Agency. April 30, 2013. Retrieved June 23, 2014.
  25. ↑ "USAF ESTABLISHED". nationalmuseum.af.mil. National Museum of the United States Air Force. October 22, 2013. Retrieved June 23, 2014.
  26. ↑ Kurt Hemmer (January 1, 2009). Encyclopedia of Beat Literature. Infobase Publishing. pp. 176–. ISBN 978-1-4381-0908-4.
  27. ↑ Lelyveld, Joseph (October 22, 1969). "Jack Kerouac, Novelist, Dead; Father of the Beat Generation". nytimes.com. The New York Times. Retrieved June 23, 2014.
  28. ↑ "1948: Shelley v. Kraemer". bostonfairhousing.org. Fair Housing Center of Greater Boston. Retrieved July 16, 2014. The Supreme Court found that while racially-based restrictive covenants are not themselves unconstitutional, enforcement of the covenants is: *Private parties may voluntarily adhere to racially-based restrictive covenants. *State enforcement of racially-based restrictive covenants, however, is discriminatory as it violates the Equal Protection clause of the 14th Amendment
  29. ↑ Rosen, Mark D. (April 2007). "Was Shelley v. Kraemer Incorrectly Decided-Some New Answers". Berkeley Law Scholarship Repository. BerkeleyLaw - University of California. Retrieved January 14, 2015. Shelley's attribution logic threatened to dissolve the distinction between state action, to which Fourteenth Amendment limitations apply, and private action, which falls outside the Fourteenth Amendment.
  30. ↑ Lanz, Peter (1985). Das große Käfer-Buch (The Big Book on Beetles). Munich and Bergisch-Gladbach, 1985. ISBN 3-404-60141-6.
  31. ↑ Flink, James (1975). The Car Culture. Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. p. 197. ISBN 0-262-56015-1.
  32. ↑ Hirsch, Jerry (January 31, 2014). "First Volkswagen Beetle arrived in a U.S. showroom 65 years ago". latimes.com. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved July 31, 2014. They were so adaptable, you could turn them into a dune buggy, you could hop it up, you could paint it wildly," he said. "It was the car of the hippie movement and of the counterculture - Leslie Kendall, curator of the Petersen Automotive Museum
  33. ↑ Geoffrey Hughes (13 September 2011). Political Correctness: A History of Semantics and Culture. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 3–. ISBN 978-1-4443-6029-5.
  34. ↑ Hsu, Spencer; Weiner, Rachel (2016-10-24). "U.S. courts: Electronic surveillance up 500 percent in D.C.-area since 2011, almost all sealed cases". Washington Post. Retrieved 2016-10-25. Recent years have witnessed explosive revelations about surveillance of Americans’ electronic activity, focused on actions approved by a secretive federal court under the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act.
  35. ↑ Williams, Thomas (2016-10-22). "Universities Ban Politically Incorrect Halloween Costumes". breitbart.com. Breitbart. Retrieved 2016-10-25. In a latest measure to create a “safe space” for students, a number of universities have issued “costume protocol,” banning such un-PC Halloween costumes as Arab turbans, feathered Indian headdresses, Japanese Geisha outfits, and Caitlyn Jenner costumes...In a twisted bit of illogic, the university stated, “In order to create an inclusive and diverse environment, some costumes may be denied.”Apparently, inclusive and diverse here means “if your costume is too diverse, you will not be included.”
  36. ↑ "People & Events: First Soviet Test". pbs.org. PBS (US). Retrieved June 23, 2014. Multi-Media Resources from "the American Experience"
  37. ↑ Christopher R. Lew (March 30, 2009). The Third Chinese Revolutionary Civil War, 1945–49: An Analysis of Communist Strategy and Leadership. Routledge. pp. 1–. ISBN 978-1-135-96973-8.
  38. ↑ Rudolph J. Rummel (January 1, 1991). China's Bloody Century: Genocide and Mass Murder Since 1900. Transaction Publishers. pp. 171–. ISBN 978-0-88738-417-2.
  39. 1 2 Abbe A. Debolt; James S. Baugess (12 December 2011). Encyclopedia of the Sixties: A Decade of Culture and Counterculture [2 volumes]: A Decade of Culture and Counterculture. ABC-CLIO. pp. 393–. ISBN 978-1-4408-0102-0.
  40. ↑ "Brief history of the Korean War". bbc.com. The BBC. May 26, 2010. Retrieved September 21, 2014. When a ceasefire was eventually signed, on 27 July 1953, no-one could have guessed that 50 years later, the two Koreas would remain technically at war. A peace treaty has never been signed, and the border continues to bristle with mines, artillery and hundreds of troops.
  41. ↑ "U.S. Military Casualties - Korean War Casualty Summary". www.dmdc.osd.mil. US Department of Defense. Retrieved September 21, 2014. TOTAL IN-THEATER DEATHS: 36,574 (updated as of 2014-09-19).
  42. ↑ "This Day in History". History Channel.
  43. ↑ Hoffer, Eric (1951). The True Believer: Thoughts on the Nature of Mass Movements. New York: Harper & Brothers. ISBN 0-060-50591-5.
  44. ↑ Dirda, Michael (May 9, 2012). "Book World: Blue-collar Intellectual by 'Eric Hoffer: The Longshoreman Philosopher'". The Washington Post. Washington Post. Retrieved June 23, 2014.
  45. ↑ Rothstein, Edward (April 13, 2009). "MAD Magazine". topics.nytimes.com. The New York Times. Retrieved July 7, 2014. Adapted from Is It Still a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World?" by Edward Rothstein, The Times, Sept. 18, 1999, and other Times articles
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  47. ↑ Burns, Thomas. "The Origins of the National Security Agency -1940-1952 (U)" (PDF). nsa.gov. US National Security Agency. Retrieved June 23, 2014.
  48. ↑ The National Security Agency and Fourth Amendment Rights: Hearings before the Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities of The US Senate (Volume 5 ed.). Washington, DC: US Senate, 94th Congress, 1st Session. 1975.
  49. ↑ "National Book Awards - 1953". nationalbook.org. National Book Foundation. Retrieved June 27, 2014. Winner: Ralph Ellison, Invisible Man
  50. ↑ Kurt Hemmer (1 January 2009). Encyclopedia of Beat Literature. Infobase Publishing. pp. 114–. ISBN 978-1-4381-0908-4.
  51. ↑ US Senate (August 3, 1977). Project MKULTRA, The CIA's Program of Research in Behavioral Modification: Joint Hearing Before the Select Committee on Intelligence and the Subcommittee on Health and Scientific Research of the Committee on Human Resources, United States Senate, Ninety-fifth Congress, First Session, August 3, 1977. Washington, DC: US Senate. p. 70.
  52. ↑ "Execution of the Rosenbergs: "Enemies of Democracy"". theguardian.com. Guardian News and Media Limited. June 20, 1953. Retrieved June 23, 2014.
  53. ↑ "Secrets, Lies, & Atomic Spies: The September 21, 1944 cable: The Rosenbergs and the Greenglasses". pbs.org. WGBH Boston. Retrieved June 23, 2014.
  54. ↑ "Venona". nsa.gov. US National Security Agency. Retrieved June 23, 2014. The VENONA files are most famous for exposing Julius (code named LIBERAL) and Ethel Rosenberg and help give indisputable evidence of their involvement with the Soviet spy ring.
  55. ↑ Risen, James (April 16, 2000). "Secrets of History: The CIA in Iran". nytimes.com. The New York Times. Retrieved September 21, 2014. NYT Editorial Note on PDF attached to web article: The C.I.A.'s history of the 1953 coup in Iran is made up of the following documents: a historian's note, a summary introduction, a lengthy narrative account written by Dr. Donald N. Wilber, and, as appendices, five planning documents he attached. On April 16, 2000, The New York Times on the Web published the introduction and several of the appendices. (from: http://www.nytimes.com/library/world/mideast/iran-cia-intro.pdf)
  56. ↑ "Playboy re-releases iconic Marilyn Monroe first issue 60 years later (Text & Photos)". nydailynews.com. The New York Daily News. April 16, 2014. Retrieved June 23, 2014.
  57. ↑ Douglas Brode (January 27, 2009). Multiculturalism and the Mouse: Race and Sex in Disney Entertainment. University of Texas Press. pp. 132–. ISBN 978-0-292-78330-0.
  58. ↑ "Truth About Indochina". PBS.org.
  59. ↑ "Vietnam". jfklibrary.org. John F. Kennedy Presidential Library & Museum. Retrieved 2016-05-13. The situation did not improve. In September of 1963, President Kennedy declared in an interview, "In the final analysis, it is their war. They are the ones who have to win it or lose it. We can help them, we can give them equipment, we can send our men out there as advisers, but they have to win it, the people of Vietnam, against the Communists... But I don't agree with those who say we should withdraw. That would be a great mistake... [The United States] made this effort to defend Europe. Now Europe is quite secure. We also have to participate—we may not like it—in the defense of Asia."
  60. ↑ Moise, Edwin E. (1998). "The Vietnam Wars, Section 4: The Geneva Accords". clemson.edu. Retrieved July 7, 2014. The Geneva Accords stated that Vietnam was to become an independent nation. Elections were to be held in July 1956, under international supervision, to choose a government for Vietnam. During the two-year interval until the elections, the country would be split into two parts; the North and the South. The dividing line chosen, at the seventeenth parallel a little north of the city of Hue, was quite close to the line that had separated the two halves of Vietnam in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, but this was purely a coincidence. This line no longer corresponded to any natural division in Vietnamese society, in economy, political structure, religion, or dialect. It was an arbitrary compromise between French proposals for a line further north and Viet Minh proposals for a line further south.
  61. ↑ "Brown v. Board of Education (1954)". ourdocuments.gov. The National Archives and Records Administration, et al (US). Retrieved June 4, 2014.
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  63. ↑ Krock, Arthur (1968). Memoirs: Sixty Years on the Firing Line. New York: Funk & Wagnalls. p. 411. ISBN 978-1122260817. Arthur Krock, three-time Pulitzer Prize winner, was for more than 30 years Washington Correspondent at the New York Times
  64. ↑ Bronson, Fred (1988). The Billboard Book of Number One Hits (2 ed.). New York: Billboard Publications. p. 1. ISBN 0-8230-7545-1.
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  66. ↑ Callard, Abby (November 1, 2009). "Emmett Till's Casket Goes to the Smithsonian: Simeon Wright recalls the events surrounding his cousin's murder and the importance of having the casket on public display". In 1955, Emmett Till—a 14-year-old African-American visiting Mississippi from Chicago—was murdered after whistling at a white woman. His mother insisted that her son be displayed in a glass-topped casket, so the world could see his beaten body. Till's murder became a rallying point for the civil rights movement, and his family recently donated the casket in which he was buried to the Smithsonian's National Museum of African American History and Culture.
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  97. ↑ "Fidel Castro- Fulgencio Batista (1901-1973)". pbs.org. PBS Online/WGBH/The American Experience. December 21, 2004. Retrieved July 9, 2014. He was called El Hombre, "the Man," and for three decades he was one of Cuba's most controversial leaders. It would take Fidel Castro and the Cuban revolution to unseat him.
  98. ↑ "CUBA'S REPRESSIVE MACHINERY: Human Rights Forty Years After the Revolution". hrw.org. Human Rights Watch. 1999. Retrieved July 9, 2014. ISBN 1-56432-234-3 ; Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 99-63561
  99. ↑ Kemp, Susan. "Human Rights in Cuba" (PDF). Human Rights & Human Welfare (University of Denver). Retrieved July 9, 2014. This section provides General Background information on the recent human rights situation in Cuba. The subcategory of Spanish Resources includes eight books on human rights in Cuba. The Socialism subcategory includes sources discussing the changing political environment in Cuba since the Cold War and the impact of the instability of Cuba's socialist system.
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  102. ↑ Patterson, John (November 17, 2006). "Who killed Superman?". theguardian.com. Guardian News and Media Limited. Retrieved June 2, 2014.
  103. ↑ Riedel, Michael (2016-02-01). "Meet the sleezebag agent who inspired the new Coen Bros movie". nypost.com. The New York Post. Retrieved 2016-02-01. The real Eddie Mannix was a thug from New Jersey who bribed cops, bedded hundreds of would-be actresses, ran with the mob and may have ordered the killing of “Superman” George Reeves.
  104. ↑ Reid, Jefferson (September–October 2002). "The Revolution Will Be Televised: The top 10 counterculture characters in TV history.". utne.com. Ogden Publications, Inc.,. Retrieved May 23, 2014.
  105. ↑ Beam, Alex (2008-07-21). "After 49 years, Charles Van Doren talks". The New York Times. Retrieved 2016-02-07.
  106. ↑ Lefrak, Mikaela (2014-12-10). "Who Cheats on a Quiz Show? How the 1950s Quiz Show Scandals Shaped TV". Boston.com. The Boston Globe. Retrieved 2016-02-07.
  107. ↑ Kim Howard Johnson (April 1, 2008). The Funniest One in the Room: The Lives and Legends of Del Close. Chicago Review Press. pp. 262–. ISBN 978-1-56976-436-7.
  108. ↑ Woo, Elaine (1999-03-08). "Del Close - Improvisational Comedy Pioneer". latimes.com. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2015-11-30. Much of Close's own humor on stage was morbidly satirical. A gypsy of the counterculture--he hung out with Ken Kesey and Timothy Leary, was a prolific and proud abuser of drugs, and ran light shows for the Grateful Dead--Close said his comic sensibility was fueled by "social rage."
  109. ↑ Drury, Jeffrey P. (2006). "Paul Potter, "The Incredible War" (17 April 1965)". Retrieved September 22, 2014. Although the beginnings of the 1965 March on Washington can be located in a number of places, it is perhaps best to begin with the origins of the chief organization behind the march: the Students for a Democratic Society. As a social movement organization, the SDS grew out of a parent group founded in 1905 called the League for Industrial Democracy (LID). The LID embraced a largely socialist orientation toward democratic governance; the organization was initially called the Intercollegiate Socialist Society before changing its name in 1921. Many prominent political thinkers were members of the LID, including Upton Sinclair, Walter Lippmann, Michael Harrington, and John Dewey (who was president for a short time). Growing out of the larger organization, the student section of the LID--aptly titled the Student League for Industrial Democracy, or SLID--existed in early 1960 on only three campuses: Yale, Columbia, and the University of Michigan. As SDS historian Kirkpatrick Sale notes, the chapters at Columbia and Yale called themselves the "John Dewey Discussion Club," and all three existed with minimal recognition.
  110. ↑ Walker, Jack (June 1983). "The Origins and Maintenance of Interest Groups in America". unc.edu. American Political Science Association. Archived from the original (pdf) on July 20, 2008. Retrieved January 14, 2015. From: The American Political Science Review, Vol. 77, No. 2, (Jun., 1983), pp. 390-406
  111. ↑ Whicker, Alan; Jones, Wizz; et al. (1960). "(Nominal) BBC Interview". youtube.com. BBC. Retrieved September 22, 2014. The original broadcast air date of the report has not been verified.
  112. ↑ Thompson, Nathan (June 8, 2014). "True secrets of psychedelics: Are they everything they're cracked up to be?". salon.com. Salon Media Group. Retrieved July 1, 2014.
  113. ↑ Sigel, Efrem (December 12, 1962). "Psilocybin Expert Raps Leary, Alpert on Drugs". thecrimson.com. The Harvard Crimson, Inc. Retrieved July 1, 2014. Original article was updated on 2014-01-27
  114. ↑ "Freedom Struggle - Sitting for Justice: Woolworth's Lunch Counter". A collective effort of the staff of the National Museum of American History, Behring Center via Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved September 22, 2014. On February 1, 1960, four African American college students sat down at a lunch counter at Woolworth's in Greensboro, North Carolina, and politely asked for service. Their request was refused. When asked to leave, they remained in their seats. Their passive resistance and peaceful sit-down demand helped ignite a youth-led movement to challenge racial inequality throughout the South. (text and photos)
  115. ↑ "Investigation is Ordered in Sit-In Demonstration" (PDF). March 26, 1960. Governor Buford Ellington ordered today a full investigation into the activities of a television network camera crew...
  116. ↑ "SNCC (Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee)". northcarolinahistory.org. North Carolina History Project via John Locke Foundation. Retrieved September 22, 2014. SNCC evolved out of that Easter weekend at Shaw University. Students in the SCLC had wished, for some time, for a student-led organization. (There were student chapters within the SCLC, but Martin Luther King, Jr. had not been pushing for an official student organization). Students wanted leadership opportunities and had different strategies than the SCLC leadership, which they believed moved toward progress at a glacial speed. At the 1960 Shaw meeting, students also expressed a fear that a strong centralized organization (even if student-led) would be a foe of democracy. Therefore, Baker and others established SNCC as a decentralized organization, with the national headquarters providing support and literature, including a newspaper, but not the strategy and leadership.
  117. ↑ "Foreign Relations of the United States, 1958–1960, Volume X, Part 1, Eastern Europe Region, Soviet Union, Cyprus May–July 1960: The U–2 Airplane Incident". history.state.gov. US Department of State. Retrieved June 23, 2014.
  118. ↑ Wise, David; Ross, Thomas (1962). The U-2 Affair (Bantam, 1962-11 ed.). New York: Random House / Bantam. Here, told for the first time, is the remarkable story behind the most explosive espionage case of the 20th century...
  119. ↑ "FDA Approves the Pill". History Channel.
  120. ↑ Fink, Brenda (September 29, 2011). "The pill and the marriage revolution". gender.stanford.edu. Clayman Institute / Stanford University. Retrieved November 26, 2014. The birth control pill arrived on the market in 1960. Within two years, 1.2 million American women were "on the pill." By 1964, it was the most popular contraceptive in the country. Looking back, Americans credit—or blame—the pill with unleashing the sexual revolution of the 1960s and 1970s. The pill is widely believed to have loosened sexual mores, including the double standard that sanctioned premarital sex for men but not for women. But, according to historian Elaine Tyler May, this idea is largely a myth. As May explained to a Stanford audience, the pill's impact on the sexual revolution is unclear. What is clear is that the drug had a far greater impact within marriage itself.
  121. ↑ "The Sixties: House Un-American Activities Committee" at PBS.org
  122. ↑ Carl Nolte (May 13, 2010). "'Black Friday,' birth of U.S. protest movement". San Francisco Chronicle.
  123. ↑ Stack, Barbara. "HUAC Black Friday Police Riot - May 13, 1960 (Archival Material: Free Speech Movement)". btstack.com. Barbara Toby Stack. Retrieved June 12, 2014.
  124. ↑ "Timeline". Peace Action.
  125. ↑ Mejia, Paula (2016-02-19). "Harper Lee, Author of 'To Kill a Mockingbird,' Dies at 89". newsweek.com. Newsweek. Retrieved 2016-02-20. Lee became a literary phenomenon upon the publication of Mockingbird on July 11, 1960. It was a best-seller and earned the author the Pulitzer Prize for fiction in 1961—an astonishing feat for a debut novel. "No book in years has commanded the kind of volunteer claque which is now pushing an unassuming first novel toward the best-seller list's summit," wrote Newsweek in its profile of Lee that same year. The following year the Mockingbird film adaptation, starring Gregory Peck as the white lawyer Atticus Finch who defends a black man wrongfully accused of rape, was released. The film was also hailed an instant classic.
  126. ↑ Wooley, John; Peters, Gerhard. "Election of 1960". presidency.ucsb.edu. Gerhard Peters - The American Presidency Project via University of California-Santa Barbara. Retrieved June 12, 2014.
  127. ↑ "Key Counties May Indicate Closest Election Since 1916". AP via The Milwaukee Journal (Google capture). October 20, 1960. Retrieved June 12, 2014.
  128. ↑ Shribman, David (October 24, 2010). "Nixon v. Kennedy: 50 years ago America chose between two men who were dramatically different -- and eerily similar". post-gazette.com. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette/PG Publishing Co. Retrieved June 12, 2014.
  129. ↑ White, Theodore H. (1961). The Making of the President 1960 (First ed.). New York: Atheneum House. p. 386. ISBN 9780689708039.
  130. ↑ Jones, Carolyn (January 7, 2010). "Human potential pioneer George Leonard dies". sfgate.com. San Francisco Chronicle/Hearst. Retrieved May 20, 2014.
  131. ↑ Martin, Douglas (January 18, 2010). "George Leonard, Voice of '60s Counterculture, Dies at 86". nytimes.com. The New York Times Co. Retrieved May 20, 2014.
  132. ↑ "President Dwight D. Eisenhower's Farewell Address (1961): On January 17, 1961, in this farewell address, President Dwight Eisenhower warned against the establishment of a "military-industrial complex."". ourdocuments.gov. The National Archives and Records Administration, et al (US). Retrieved June 4, 2014.
  133. ↑ "President John F. Kennedy's Inaugural Address (1961)". ourdocuments.gov. The National Archives and Records Administration, et al (US). Retrieved June 4, 2014.
  134. ↑ Kennedy, John. "John F. Kennedy Inaugural Address". Transcription as posted by University of California, Santa Barbara.
  135. ↑ "Executive Order 10924: Establishment of the Peace Corps. (1961)". Ourdocuments.gov. Retrieved October 16, 2011.
  136. ↑ Gunston, Bill (1973). Bombers of the West. New York: Scribner. p. 254. ISBN 978-0684136233.
  137. 1 2 "International Drug Control Conventions". unodc.org. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. Retrieved June 4, 2014.
  138. ↑ Glines, Jr., Carroll V (1963). The Compact History of the United States Air Force (New & Revised, May 1973 ed.). New York: Hawthorn Books. pp. 319–320. ISBN 0-405-12169-5.
  139. ↑ "The Bay of Pigs". jfklibrary.org. John F. Kennedy Presidential Library & Museum. Retrieved September 22, 2014. Before his inauguration, John F. Kennedy was briefed on a plan by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) developed during the Eisenhower administration to train Cuban exiles for an invasion of their homeland. The plan anticipated that the Cuban people and elements of the Cuban military would support the invasion. The ultimate goal was the overthrow of Castro and the establishment of a non-communist government friendly to the United States.
  140. ↑ Cia History Office Staff; Jack B. Pfeiffer (September 2011). CIA Official History of the Bay of Pigs Invasion, Volume IV: The Taylor Committee Investigation of the Bay of Pigs. Military Bookshop. ISBN 978-1-78039-476-3.
  141. ↑ "The Freedom Rides: CORE Volunteers Put Their Lives on the Road". core-online.org. Congress of Racial Equality. Retrieved September 22, 2014. In 1961 CORE undertook a new tactic aimed at desegregating public transportation throughout the south. These tactics became known as the "Freedom Rides". The first Freedom Ride took place on May 4, 1961 when seven blacks and six whites left Washington, D.C., on two public buses bound for the Deep South. They intended to test the Supreme Court's ruling in Boynton v. Virginia (1960), which declared segregation in interstate bus and rail stations unconstitutional. In the first few days, the riders encountered only minor hostility, but in the second week the riders were severely beaten. Outside Anniston, Alabama, one of their buses was burned, and in Birmingham several dozen whites attacked the riders only two blocks from the sheriff's office. With the intervention of the U.S. Justice Department, most of CORE's Freedom Riders were evacuated from Birmingham, Alabama to New Orleans. John Lewis, a former seminary student who would later lead SNCC and become a US congressman, stayed in Birmingham. CORE Leaders decided that letting violence end the trip would send the wrong signal to the country. They reinforced the pair of remaining riders with volunteers, and the trip continued. The group traveled from Birmingham to Montgomery without incident, but on their arrival in Montgomery they were savagely attacked by a mob of more than 1000 whites. The extreme violence and the indifference of local police prompted a national outcry of support for the riders, putting pressure on President Kennedy to end the violence. The riders continued to Mississippi, where they endured further brutality and jail terms but generated more publicity and inspired dozens more Freedom Rides. By the end of the summer, the protests had spread to train stations and airports across the South, and in November, the Interstate Commerce Commission issued rules prohibiting segregated transportation facilities.
  142. ↑ "Berlin Crises". Retrieved September 22, 2014. At the Vienna Summit in June 1961, Khrushchev reiterated his threat to sign a separate peace treaty with East Germany if the West did not come to terms over Berlin by the end of the year. Rather than submit to such pressure, President John F. Kennedy replied that it would be a "cold winter." When he returned to the United States, Kennedy faced instead a summer of decision. On July 25 he announced plans to meet the Soviet challenge in Berlin, including a dramatic buildup of American conventional forces and drawing the line on interference with Allied access to West Berlin. This warning, in fact, contained the basis for resolving the crisis. On August 13 the East German Government, supported by Khrushchev, finally closed the border between East and West Berlin by erecting what eventually became the most concrete symbol of the Cold War: the Berlin Wall. Although the citizens of Berlin reacted to the wall with outrage, many in the West--certainly within the Kennedy administration--reacted with relief. The wall interfered with the personal lives of the people but not with the political position of the Allies in Berlin. The result was a "satisfactory" stalemate--the Soviets did not challenge the legality of Allied rights, and the Allies did not challenge the reality of Soviet power.
  143. ↑ Kennedy, John F. "Report on the Berlin Crisis (July 25, 1961) by John F. Kennedy". millercenter.org. Miller Center / University of Virginia. Retrieved September 22, 2014. So long as the Communists insist that they are preparing to end by themselves unilaterally our rights in West Berlin and our commitments to its people, we must be prepared to defend those rights and those commitments. We will at all times be ready to talk, if talk will help. But we must also be ready to resist with force, if force is used upon us. Either alone would fail. Together, they can serve the cause of freedom and peace.
  144. ↑ "Amnesty International: Where it All Began". amnesty.org. Amnesty International. Retrieved 2016-04-29. In 1961, British lawyer Peter Benenson was outraged when two Portuguese students were jailed just for raising a toast to freedom. He wrote an article in The Observer newspaper and launched a campaign that provoked an incredible response. Reprinted in newspapers across the world, his call to action sparked the idea that people everywhere can unite in solidarity for justice and freedom. This inspiring moment didn’t just give birth to an extraordinary movement, it was the start of extraordinary social change.
  145. ↑ "The Nobel Peace Prize 1977 Amnesty International". nobelprize.org. Nobel Media AB. Retrieved 2016-04-30. Amnesty International was founded in 1961 by Peter Benenson, a British lawyer. It was originally his intention to launch an appeal in Britain with the aim of obtaining an amnesty for prisoners of conscience all over the world. The committee working for this cause soon found that a detailed documentation of this category of prisoners would be needed. Gradually they realized that the work would have to be carried out on a more permanent basis; the number of prisoners of conscience was enormous and they were to be found in every part of the world.
  146. ↑ "The construction of the Berlin Wall". berlin.de. Governing Mayor of Berlin: Senate Chancellery. Retrieved May 13, 2014.
  147. ↑ Brian J. Collins (January 2011). NATO: A Guide to the Issues. ABC-CLIO. pp. 73–. ISBN 978-0-313-35491-5.
  148. ↑ File:EUCOM Checkpoint Charlie Standoff 1961.jpg
  149. ↑ "Women Strike for Peace". jwa.org. Jewish Women's Archive. Retrieved September 22, 2014. On November 1, 1961, Women Strike For Peace (WSP) was inaugurated with a day-long strike by an estimated 50,000 women in 60 cities, all pressing for nuclear disarmament. The organization was composed primarily of mothers who feared the effects of nuclear proliferation on the short- and long-term health of their children. They were particularly concerned with levels of irradiation in milk and the increase in nuclear testing. WSP had the slogan "End the Arms Race – Not the Human Race," as well as "Pure Milk, Not Poison." Bella Abzug joined the group in its early organizational stages as an active participant in the New York contingent and as creator and chairperson of WSP's legislative committee. By pushing the organization to incorporate legislative lobbying into its efforts, she helped it to become an effective political force. By 1964, the emphasis of Women Strike for Peace had shifted to focus as much on the Vietnam War as on disarmament, protesting against the draft and the war's effects on Vietnamese children. Abzug remained active in WSP until she was elected to Congress in 1970.
  150. ↑ Marder, Dorothy. "Photographs of Dorothy Marder - Women Strike for Peace, 1961-1975". swarthmore.edu. Elizabeth Matlock and Wendy Chmielewski via Swarthmore College (Swarthmore College Peace Collection). Retrieved September 22, 2014. Women Strike for Peace (WSP) was formed in 1961 after over 50,000 women across the country marched for peace and against above ground testing of nuclear weapons. By the mid 1960s the focus of the organization shifted to working against the Vietnam war. Dorothy Marder took photographs at many WSP demonstrations on the East Coast and her images appeared in WSP publications. Her photographs show the women behind WSP who wanted to protect their families from nuclear testing and a male-dominated militarism. Leaders of the organization include Dagmar Wilson, Bella Abzug, Amy Swerdlow, Cora Weiss, and many more are featured in Dorothy Marder's photography.
  151. ↑ "Inspector General's Survey of the Cuban Operation and Associated Documents" (PDF). February 16, 1962. Retrieved November 26, 2014.
  152. ↑ Lansdale (February 20, 1962). "[Internal Memo] The Cuba Project". p. 1. Retrieved November 26, 2014.
  153. ↑ Weiner, Tim (1997-11-23). "Stupid Dirty Tricks ; The Trouble With Assassinations". New York Times. Retrieved 2015-11-30. Editor's Note: October 30, 1998, Friday An article on Sept. 29 discussed the release of 60,000 secret documents on the killing of President John F. Kennedy. Their declassification occurred over a period, leading up to the final report of a citizens' commission created by Congress six years ago to dispel lingering suspicions that the truth had been hidden. Discussing criticism of the Warren Commission, which investigated the assassination at the time, the article said that one member, Allen W. Dulles, a former Director of Central Intelligence, had failed to tell fellow members that Kennedy had ordered the C.I.A. to assassinate Castro. The article did not cite evidence or authority for the assertion about the President. Earlier articles, on July 20, 1997, and Nov. 23, 1997, also declared without qualification that Kennedy ordered Fidel Castro's assassination. A number of prominent historians and officials with knowledge of intelligence matters in that era have asserted in interviews that President Kennedy gave such an order. But others, also close to the President, dispute their account. The Times's practice is to attribute or qualify information that it is unable to report firsthand. That should have been done in these cases.
  154. ↑ "Betty Friedan and the Presidential Commission on the Status of Women". Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study / Harvard University. November 20, 2013. Retrieved November 26, 2014. Text & Video
  155. ↑ "American Women: Report of The President's Commission on the Status of Women. 1963" (PDF). US Government via University of Michigan via Hathitrust.org. 1963. Retrieved November 26, 2014. Google digitized pdf from U-M library
  156. ↑ "Battlefield: Timeline". PBS. Retrieved 2016-02-11. In Operation Chopper, helicopters flown by U.S. Army pilots ferry 1,000 South Vietnamese soldiers to sweep a NLF stronghold near Saigon. It marks America's first combat missions against the Vietcong.
  157. ↑ Buckingham, Jr., William (1983). "Operation Ranch Hand: Herbicides In Southeast Asia". Air University Review. Retrieved June 17, 2014.
  158. ↑ Essoyan, Roy (1962-02-05). "U.S. COPTER SHOT DOWN IN VIET NAM" (Volume CXXI- No. 31). The Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 2015-12-24.
  159. ↑ "UN Session Seen as Help to U.S., Red Space Ties". news.google.com/newspapers. AP via Schenectady Gazette. February 27, 1962. Retrieved June 3, 2014.
  160. ↑ "Bob Dylan". Billboard. Retrieved 2016-02-09.
  161. ↑ "The Official Web Page of the United Farm Workers of America". UFW. Retrieved August 31, 2013.
  162. ↑ "The Statement". University of Michigan Department of History. 2012. Retrieved November 21, 2014. The Port Huron Statement was the declaration of principles issued June 15, 1962, by Students for a Democratic Society (SDS), a major radical student organization in the United States during the 1960s. Having only a few hundred members across the country at the time the Statement was drafted, SDS drew tens of thousands of students into its ranks as the movement against the Vietnam War grew—before a deep factional split destroyed the organization in 1969. During SDS's history of activism, 60,000 copies of the Statement were distributed. It has become a historical landmark of American leftwing radicalism and a widely influential discourse on the meaning of democracy in modern society.
  163. ↑ Lopez-Munoz, Francisco; Ucha-Udabe, Ronaldo; Alamo, Cecilio (December 2005). "The History of Barbiturates a Century after their Clinical Introduction". Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment. Dove Press via US National Institutes of Health. 1 (4): 329–343. PMC 2424120Freely accessible. PMID 18568113. In relation to the frequent cases of death by overdose, given the small therapeutic margin of these substances, it should be pointed out that this was a common method in suicide attempts. It suffices to recall, in this regard, the famous case of Marilyn Monroe, on whose death certificate it clearly states "acute poisoning by overdose of barbiturates" (Figure 7). The lethal effect of these compounds was such that a mixture of barbiturates with other substances was even employed in some USA states for the execution of prisoners sentenced to death. Furthermore, there are classic reports of fatal overdose due to the "automatism phenomenon", whereby the patient would take his or her dose, only to forget that he or she had already taken it, given the amnesic effect of the drug, and take it again, this process being repeated several times (Richards 1934). Figure 8 shows the evolution of number of deaths (accidental or suicide) by barbiturate overdose in England and Wales for the period 1905–1960. In this regard, and in the city of New York alone, in the period 1957–1963, there were 8469 cases of barbiturate overdose, with 1165 deaths (Sharpless 1970), whilst in the United Kingdom, between 1965 and 1970, there were 12 354 deaths attributed directly to barbiturates (Barraclough 1974). These data should not surprise us, since in a period of just one year (1968), 24.7 million prescriptions for barbiturates were issued in the United Kingdom (Plant 1981). In view of these data, the Advisory Council Campaign in Britain took measures restricting the prescription of these drugs. Meanwhile, the prescription of prolonged-acting sedative barbiturates was strongly opposed through citizens' action campaigns such as CURB (Campaign on the Use and Restrictions of Barbiturates), especially active during the 1970s.
  164. ↑ "Top 10 Mistresses: #4, Marilyn Monroe". content.time.com. Time, Inc. July 1, 2009. Retrieved September 25, 2014. Monroe died later in 1962 of a drug overdose, but tales about her alleged fling with the President grew increasingly tall. FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover tried to prove that the man on a secret FBI sex tape of Monroe was Kennedy, but he lacked definitive proof. Others claim Kennedy was involved in her death. Needless to say, the rumors are even less substantiated than the affair itself.
  165. ↑ Kennedy, John. "John F. Kennedy Moon Speech - Rice Stadium". US National Aeronautical & Space Administration.
  166. ↑ Griswold, Eliza (September 21, 2012). "How 'Silent Spring' Ignited the Environmental Movement". nytimes.com. The New York Times Co. Retrieved June 3, 2014.
  167. ↑ Meyer, Michal; Kenworthy, Bob. "DDT: The Britney Spears of Chemicals (Audio Podcast)". chemicalheritage.org. Chemical Heritage Foundation. Retrieved 2016-08-18. Americans have had a long, complicated relationship with the pesticide DDT, or dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane, if you want to get fancy. First we loved it, then we hated it, then we realized it might not be as bad as we thought. But we’ll never restore it to its former glory. And couldn’t you say the same about America’s once-favorite pop star?
  168. ↑ James Meredith (August 7, 2012). A Mission from God: A Memoir and Challenge for America. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-4516-7474-3.
  169. ↑ "The Integration of Ole Miss (Historical video and text resources)". history.com. A&E Television Networks, LLC. Retrieved June 20, 2014.
  170. ↑ "The Beatles' 'Love Me Do' Hits the Public Domain in Europe". Rolling Stone. January 12, 2013.
  171. ↑ Hotten, Russell (2012-10-04). "The Beatles at 50: From Fab Four to fabulously wealthy". BBC. Retrieved 2015-11-18.
  172. ↑ Viner, Brian (2012-02-11). "The man who rejected the Beatles". independent.co.uk. Retrieved 2016-02-09. Exactly 50 years ago, Decca's Dick Rowe turned down the Fab Four, so heading an unenviable club of talent-spotters who passed up their biggest chance. But is it all an urban myth? A new book suggests so
  173. ↑ Dobbs, Michael; Dobbs, Rachel (2012-10-08). "Thirteen Days in October (Annotated Slideshow)". Foreignpolicy.com. Foreign Policy. Retrieved 2016-06-28.
  174. ↑ "Aerial Photograph of Missiles in Cuba (1962)". ourdocuments.gov. The National Archives and Records Administration, et al (US). Retrieved June 4, 2014.
  175. ↑ Schwartz, Stephen (August 1998). "Skybolt Air-Launched Ballistic Missile (AGM-48A) (Archive Document)". brookings.edu. The Brookings Institution. Retrieved June 12, 2014.
  176. ↑ Anderson, Walter Truett. The Upstart Spring: Esalen and the American Awakening, Addison Wesley Publishing Company (1983, 2004) p. 64
  177. ↑ Fox, Margalit (2012-08-13). "Helen Gurley Brown, Who Gave 'Single Girl' a Life in Full, Dies at 90". New York Times. Retrieved 2015-11-30. As Cosmopolitan's editor from 1965 until 1997, Ms. Brown was widely credited with being the first to introduce frank discussions of sex into magazines for women. The look of women's magazines today — a sea of voluptuous models and titillating cover lines — is due in no small part to her influence.
  178. ↑ Isserman, Maurice (June 19, 2009). "Essay Michael Harrington: Warrior on Poverty". nytimes.com. The New York Times. Retrieved July 13, 2014. Among the book's readers, reputedly, was John F. Kennedy, who in the fall of 1963 began thinking about proposing antipoverty legislation. After Kennedy's assassination, Lyndon Johnson took up the issue, calling in his 1964 State of the Union address for an "unconditional war on poverty." Sargent Shriver headed the task force charged with drawing up the legislation, and invited Harrington to Washington as a consultant.
  179. ↑ Lehmann-Haupt, Christopher (November 11, 2001). "Ken Kesey, Author of 'Cuckoo's Nest,' Who Defined the Psychedelic Era, Dies at 66". nytimes.com. The New York Times. Retrieved July 7, 2014. Ken Kesey, the Pied Piper of the psychedelic era, who was best known as the author of the novel One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, died yesterday in a hospital in Eugene, Ore., said his wife, Faye. He was 66 and lived in Pleasant Hill, Ore.
  180. ↑ Hoffman, Jordan (2015-11-19). "'One Flew Over The Cuckoo's Nest' Still Resonates 40 Years Later". biography.com. A&E Television Networks, LLC. Retrieved 2016-06-20. Milos Forman's adaptation of Ken Kesey's novel 'One Flew Over The Cuckoo's Nest' is, in some ways, the essential film document about the 1960s counter-culture.
  181. ↑ Dunlap, David (January 4, 2012). "Charles W. Bailey, Journalist and Political Novelist, Dies at 82". nytimes.com. The New York Times. Retrieved February 7, 2015. Written with Fletcher Knebel and published in 1962, "Seven Days in May" tells of an attempted coup by the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in May 1974 after the president negotiates a disarmament treaty with Russia. It was at the top of The New York Times's best-seller list in early 1963 and was made into a movie, with Burt Lancaster, Kirk Douglas and Fredric March, in 1964.
  182. 1 2 Cochrane, Kira (May 6, 2013). "1963: the beginning of the feminist movement - Fifty years on, we look back at the year that signalled the beginning of the modern era". theguardian.com. Guardian News and Media Limited. Retrieved June 3, 2014.
  183. ↑ Jesse Walker (June 1, 2004). Rebels on the Air: An Alternative History of Radio in America. NYU Press. pp. 91–. ISBN 978-0-8147-8477-8.
  184. ↑ Hinckley, David (September 20, 2012). "Documentary 'Radio Unnameable' captures the wee-hour WBAI broadcasts of Bob Fass". nydailynews.com. The New York Daily News. Retrieved July 24, 2014. Legendary jock entertained and informed New Yorkers in the '60s and '70s by bringing on guests like Bob Dylan and Abbie Hoffman.
  185. ↑ Paul Lovelace & Jessica Wolfson (2012). Radio Unnameable (Film Documentary). New York: Lost Footage Films.
  186. ↑ "Louie Louie (The Song)". fbi.gov. US Federal Bureau of Investigation. Retrieved 2016-05-12. n 1963, a rock group named the Kingsmen recorded the song “Louie, Louie.” The popularity of the song and difficulty in discerning the lyrics led some people to suspect the song was obscene. The FBI was asked to investigate whether or not those involved with the song violated laws against the interstate transportation of obscene material. The limited investigation lasted from February to May 1964 and discovered no evidence of obscenity.
  187. ↑ McArdle, Terence (2015-04-29). "Jack Ely, whose garbled version of 'Louie Louie' became a sensation, dies". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2016-05-13. According to rock music historian Peter Blecha, advances in recording technology have revealed an actual obscenity on the Kingsmen’s recording of “Louie Louie.” About 54 seconds in, Blecha said, Easton uses a barely audible profanity after fumbling with a drumstick.
  188. ↑ File:President Kennedy American University Commencement Address June 10, 1963.jpg
  189. ↑ "The Burning Monk: A defining moment photographed by AP's Malcolm Browne". ap.org. Associated Press. 2013. Retrieved March 1, 2015. Nevertheless, it was that picture which shocked President John F. Kennedy, who immediately ordered a review of his administration's Vietnam policy. The review led to more troops, not fewer.
  190. ↑ Schudel, Matt (August 28, 2012). "Malcolm W. Browne, Pulitzer-winning journalist who captured indelible Vietnam image, dies at 81". washingtonpost.com. The Washington Post. Retrieved March 1, 2015. He chronicled the regime of South Vietnamese President Ngo Dinh Diem and the homegrown opposition led by Buddhist monks. On June 11, 1963, Mr. Browne was present when an elderly monk named Thich Quang Duc, wearing sandals and a robe, calmly sat cross-legged on a cushion in the center of an intersection in Saigon. Other monks poured fuel over him, and the monk struck a match and was immediately engulfed in flames. Mr. Browne shot roll after roll of film, documenting the self-immolation.
  191. ↑ Cosgrove, Ben; Loengard, John (June 11, 2013). "Behind the Picture: Medgar Evers' Funeral, June 1963 (Story and Photos)". life.time.com. Time, Inc. Retrieved June 25, 2014. In its June 28, 1963, issue, LIFE confronted the assassination with a combination of scorn (for the Klan and for white supremacists in general), anger (at the waste of such a life as Evers') and an occasionally sardonic venom.
  192. ↑ "School District of Abington Township, Pennsylvania v. Schempp". Cornell University Law School / Legal Information Institute. Retrieved February 27, 2015. Syllabus: Because of the prohibition of the First Amendment against the enactment by Congress of any law "respecting an establishment of religion," which is made applicable to the States by the Fourteenth Amendment, no state law or school board may require that passages from the Bible be read or that the Lord's Prayer be recited in the public schools of a State at the beginning of each school day -- even if individual students may be excused from attending or participating in such exercises upon written request of their parents.
  193. ↑ "God in America - People & Ideas: Madalyn Murray O'Hair". US PBS. Retrieved February 27, 2015. Madalyn Murray O'Hair was an outspoken advocate of atheism and the founder of the organization American Atheists. In 1960 O'Hair gained notoriety when she sued Baltimore public schools for requiring students to read from the Bible and to recite the Lord's Prayer at school exercises.
  194. ↑ Scherman, Rowland (July 31, 2009). "Dylan In Pictures: Newport 1963". npr.org. US National Public Radio. Retrieved February 27, 2015. That seminal moment at the 1963 Newport Folk Festival, Dylan went from zero to hero in the course of a weekend.
  195. ↑ Ulrich Adelt (2010). Blues Music in the Sixties: A Story in Black and White. Rutgers University Press. pp. 38–. ISBN 978-0-8135-4750-3.
  196. ↑ Suarez, Ray. "Martin Luther King Jr.'s "I Have a Dream" Remembered". pbs.org. Public Broadcasting Service (US). Retrieved May 16, 2014.
  197. ↑ "Test Ban Treaty (1963):On August 5, 1963, the Limited Test Ban Treaty was signed by the United States, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union. After Senate approval, the treaty that went into effect on October 10, 1963, banned nuclear weapons testing in the atmosphere, in outer space, and under water.". ourdocuments.gov. The National Archives and Records Administration, et al (US). Retrieved June 4, 2014.
  198. ↑ Richard A. Reuss (2000). American Folk Music and Left-wing Politics, 1927-1957. Scarecrow Press. pp. 2–. ISBN 978-0-8108-3684-6.
  199. ↑ "Harvard Sex Orgies Disclosed by Dean". The Chicago Tribune. UPI. 1963-11-01. Retrieved 2015-11-14.
  200. ↑ Robert S. McNamara; James Blight; Robert K. Brigham; Thomas J. Biersteker; Col. Herbert Schandler (2 November 2007). Argument Without End: In Search of Answers to the Vietnam Tragedy. PublicAffairs. pp. 328–. ISBN 1-58648-621-7.
  201. ↑ Lane, Mark (1966). Rush to Judgment (Paperback, 1992 ed.). New York: Thunder's Mouth Press. p. 7. ISBN 1-56025-043-7.
  202. ↑ Marrs, Jim (1989). "Preface". Crossfire: The Plot That Killed Kennedy (1st Paperback, 1990 ed.). New York: Carroll & Graf. ISBN 0-88184-648-1.
  203. ↑ Jeanette Leech (2010). Seasons They Change: The Story of Acid and Psychedelic Folk. Jawbone Press. pp. 37–. ISBN 978-1-906002-32-9.
  204. ↑ Johnson, Lyndon Baines. "Annual Message to the Congress on the State of the Union. January 8, 1964". .presidency.ucsb.edu. Gerhard Peters and John T. Woolley - The American Presidency Project via UCSB. Retrieved February 12, 2015. Let this session of Congress be known as the session which did more for civil rights than the last hundred sessions combined; as the session which enacted the most far-reaching tax cut of our time; as the session which declared all-out war on human poverty and unemployment in these United States; as the session which finally recognized the health needs of all our older citizens; as the session which reformed our tangled transportation and transit policies; as the session which achieved the most effective, efficient foreign aid program ever; and as the session which helped to build more homes, more schools, more libraries, and more hospitals than any single session of Congress in the history of our Republic.
  205. ↑ "For LBJ, The War On Poverty Was Personal". npr.org. NPR. January 8, 2014. Retrieved February 12, 2015. President Lyndon Johnson stood in the Capitol on Jan. 8, 1964, and, in his first State of the Union address, committed the nation to a war on poverty. "We shall not rest until that war is won," Johnson said. "The richest nation on Earth can afford to win it. We cannot afford to lose it." It was an effort that had been explored under President Kennedy, but it firmly — and quickly — took shape under Johnson.
  206. ↑ Sanburn, Josh (2011-05-09). "The 10 Best Bob Dylan Songs: 'The Times They Are A-Changin'". Time, Inc. Retrieved 2015-11-07.
  207. ↑ "500 Greatest Songs of All Time: 59 Bob Dylan, 'The Times They Are A-Changin'". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2015-11-07.
  208. ↑ "Historical Highlights: The 24th Amendment". history.house.gov. U.S. House of Representatives (History, Art & Archives). Retrieved March 1, 2015. On this date in 1962, the House passed the 24th Amendment, outlawing the poll tax as a voting requirement in federal elections, by a vote of 295 to 86. At the time, five states maintained poll taxes which disproportionately affected African-American voters: Virginia, Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas, and Texas. The poll tax exemplified "Jim Crow" laws, developed in the post-Reconstruction South, which aimed to disenfranchise black voters and institute segregation.
  209. ↑ "Beatlemania Comes to the United States". rockhall.com. Rock & Roll Hall of Fame. February 3, 2015. Retrieved March 1, 2015. In Britain, "I Want to Hold Your Hand" saw its official release on December 5, 1963, reaching Number One the following week. It held the position for five weeks. Soon thereafter, American DJs began spinning the import single and the immediate, positive response prompted Capitol to not only bump up the release date to December 26, but also increase the press run from 200,000 copies to one million. A media blitz followed, as reporters from the Associated Press, CBS, Life, New York Times and more were assigned to cover the Beatles. "I Want to Hold Your Hand" reached Number One on the Billboard charts on February 1, 1964, and remained on the Billboard Hot 100 for seven weeks.
  210. ↑ Barry Miles (2009). The British Invasion. Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. ISBN 978-1-4027-6976-4.
  211. ↑ "The Beatles". edsullivan.com. SOFA Entertainment. 2010. Retrieved June 10, 2014.
  212. ↑ Harding, Barrie (1964-02-08). "5,000 scream 'welcome' to the Beatles" (No. 18,704). Daily Mirror. Retrieved 2015-12-24.
  213. ↑ Trust, Gary (2013-04-04). "April 4, 1964: The Beatles Control Entire Top Five On Billboard Hot 100". billboard.com. Billboard. Retrieved 2016-08-11. On the Billboard Hot 100 dated April 4, 1964, 49 years ago today, the Beatles made history as the only act ever to occupy the chart's top five positions in a week. With a 27-1 second-week blast to the top for "Can't Buy Me Love," the Fab Four locked up the chart's entire top five: No. 1, "Can't Buy Me Love" No. 2, "Twist and Shout" No. 3, "She Loves You" No. 4, "I Want to Hold Your Hand" No. 5, "Please Please Me"
  214. ↑ Bronson, p. 145.
  215. ↑ http://www.cleveland.com/metro/index.ssf/2013/02/the_1964_cleveland_schools_boy.html
  216. ↑ Winner, David (19 May 2009). "Robert Jasper Grootveld: Artist and activist who helped found the Dutch Provos in the 1960s". www.independent.co.uk. The Independent. Retrieved 3 December 2016. No single person can be said to have created the worldwide cultural phenomenon we call "the Sixties". But the Dutch anti-smoking "magician" and voodoo showman Robert Jasper Grootveld has a better claim than most. In the early Sixties, his surreal, dadaist "happenings" in Amsterdam electrified the city's bored youth and led to the creation of the playful Provo movement (short for "provocation"). With the charismatic, flamboyantly transvestite Grootveld as a spokesman, Provo was a catalyst for cultural revolution. The group provided free bicycles, subverted a royal wedding and humiliated the stiff-necked Dutch establishment and Amsterdam police force so effectively that both groups – and the country - underwent a near-total personality change. Provo lasted only from 1965 to 1967 but the spirit of what Grootveld dubbed "International Magic Centre Amsterdam" broke old Holland, inspired hippies in San Francisco and musicians and artists in London and paved the way, among other things, for the summer of love, Dutch total football and the green movement.
  217. ↑ International Institute of Social History - Grootveld flyers
  218. ↑ Enfield, Robert. "Photographs:Sheraton Palace Demonstration, May 1964". cdlib.org. University of California. Retrieved May 7, 2014.
  219. ↑ James J. Farrell (January 1997). The Spirit of the Sixties: Making Postwar Radicalism. Psychology Press. pp. 180–. ISBN 978-0-415-91385-0.
  220. ↑ Peter Bacon Hales (11 April 2014). Outside the Gates of Eden: The Dream of America from Hiroshima to Now. University of Chicago Press. pp. 317–. ISBN 978-0-226-12861-0.
  221. ↑ Green; Nicholas J. Karolides (January 1, 2009). Encyclopedia of Censorship. Infobase Publishing. pp. 301–. ISBN 978-1-4381-1001-1.
  222. ↑ "Jacobellis v. Ohio - 378 U.S. 184 (1964)". supreme.justia.com. justia.com. Retrieved July 9, 2014.
  223. ↑ Stafford, Katrease (July 22, 2014). "Grosse Pointe attorneys to look at legality of Metro Times ban". freep.com. The Detroit Free Press. Retrieved July 22, 2014.
  224. ↑ "Landmark Legislation: The Civil Rights Act of 1964". senate.gov. Retrieved 2016-08-11.
  225. ↑ Krock, p.411
  226. ↑ The Beatles (1 September 2000). The Beatles Anthology. Chronicle Books. pp. 158–. ISBN 978-0-8118-2684-6.
  227. ↑ Cusick, Rick (2014-08-28). "Bob Dylan Smoked Out The Beatles 50 Years Ago Today". hightimes.com. High Times. Retrieved 2016-10-04. Perhaps the mostly influential sesh in history happened on August 28, 1964 when Bob Dylan got The Beatles high at The Delmonico Hotel in New York City. While this was not technically The Moptops first-time toking — they shared a joint in Hamburg but couldn’t agree whether or not they got high — they definitely copped a buzz with Dylan in New York.
  228. ↑ "Visual History: Free Speech Movement, 1964-Mario Savio addresses the crowd". Retrieved March 1, 2015. Mario Savio addresses the crowd Mario Savio climbs on top of the police car containing Jack Weinberg to address the crowd of demonstrators. Savio demands Weinberg's release and the lifting of University prohibitions against political activity on campus.
  229. ↑ Robert Cohen (30 July 2009). Freedom's Orator: Mario Savio and the Radical Legacy of the 1960s. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-976634-5.
  230. ↑ Seth Rosenfeld (21 August 2012). Subversives: The FBI's War on Student Radicals, and Reagan's Rise to Power. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. ISBN 978-1-4299-6932-1.
  231. ↑ "The Nobel Peace Prize 1964". nobelprize.org. Nobel Media AB. Retrieved March 1, 2015. He is the first person in the Western world to have shown us that a struggle can be waged without violence. He is the first to make the message of brotherly love a reality in the course of his struggle, and he has brought this message to all men, to all nations and races. Today we pay tribute to Martin Luther King, the man who has never abandoned his faith in the unarmed struggle he is waging, who has suffered for his faith, who has been imprisoned on many occasions, whose home has been subject to bomb attacks, whose life and the lives of his family have been threatened, and who nevertheless has never faltered.
  232. ↑ Barry Miles (2009). The British Invasion. Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. pp. 129–. ISBN 978-1-4027-6976-4.
  233. ↑ "Election of 1964". University of California, Santa Barbara / American Presidency Project. Retrieved March 1, 2015.
  234. ↑ Moylan, Brian (December 22, 2014). "'Offensive' Is the New 'Obscene'". time.com. Time, Inc. Retrieved March 1, 2015. On Dec. 21, 1964, Bruce was sentenced to four months in a workhouse for a set he did in a New York comedy club that included a bit about Eleanor Roosevelt's "nice tits..."
  235. ↑ Robert Cohen; Reginald E. Zelnik (2002). The Free Speech Movement: Reflections on Berkeley in the 1960s. University of California Press. pp. 534–. ISBN 978-0-520-23354-6.
  236. ↑ Jackman, Michael (December 1, 2014). "Mario Savio's 'bodies upon the gears' speech — 50 years later". metrotimes.com. Detroit Metro Times. Retrieved March 1, 2015. It's a short but bold and defiant oration that says free human beings aren't going to be pushed around by anybody, from lawmakers and police to liberals and labor leaders. Standing in front of a crowd of 4,000 people, Savio described his meeting with university officials, who compared the president of the university to the president of a corporation.
  237. ↑ Drash, Wayne (2010-04-28). "Malcolm X killer freed after 44 years". CNN. Retrieved 2016-10-04. Malcolm X is best known as the fiery leader of the Nation of Islam who denounced whites as "blue-eyed devils." But at the end of his life, Malcolm X changed his views toward whites and discarded the Nation of Islam's ideology in favor of orthodox Islam. In doing so, he feared for his own life from within the Nation.
  238. ↑ W.J. Rorabaugh Professor of History University of Washington (May 4, 1989). Berkeley at War : The 1960s: The 1960s. Oxford University Press. pp. 134–. ISBN 978-0-19-802252-7.
  239. ↑ Enfield, Robert. "Photographs:Filthy Speech Rally, Spring, 1965". cdlib.org. University of California. Retrieved May 7, 2014.
  240. ↑ Spencer C. Tucker (May 20, 2011). The Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War: A Political, Social, and Military History [4 volumes]: A Political, Social, and Military History. ABC-CLIO. pp. 775–. ISBN 978-1-85109-961-0.
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  243. ↑ Raasch, Chuck (May 16, 2014). "Never trust anyone over 30? A second thought". stltoday.com. St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Retrieved May 26, 2014.
  244. ↑ Matthew Greenwald (30 April 2002). Go Where You Wanna Go: The Oral History of The Mamas and The Papas. Cooper Square Press. pp. 212–. ISBN 978-1-4616-2290-1.
  245. 1 2 3 Andy Roberts (September 30, 2008). Albion Dreaming: A popular history of LSD in Britain (Revised Edition with a new foreword by Sue Blackmore). Marshall Cavendish International Asia Pte Ltd. ISBN 978-981-4328-97-5.
  246. ↑ Herbert, Ian (2006-09-08). "Revealed: Dentist who introduced Beatles to LSD". The Independent. Retrieved 2016-01-07.
  247. ↑ Greenfield, Robert (March 14, 2011). "Owsley Stanley: The King of LSD". Rolling Stone. Retrieved February 6, 2015. By May 1965, he was back in the Bay Area with 3,600 capsules of extraordinarily pure LSD, dubbed "Owsley" by a pot-dealing folk guitarist friend. "I never set out to 'turn on the world,' as has been claimed by many," Owsley says.
  248. ↑ McGee, Rosie (1969). "Owsley Stanley, left, with Jerry Garcia of the Grateful Dead in a 1969 publicity photograph.". nytimes.com. Reuters via New York Times. Retrieved February 6, 2015.
  249. ↑ "Unforgettable Change: 1960s: 1960s in Vietnam and in Berkeley (Text and Audio Content)". museumca.org. Oakland Museum of California. Retrieved June 20, 2014.
  250. ↑ Enfield, Robert. "Photographs:Vietnam Day, Spring, 1965". cdlib.org. University of California. Retrieved May 7, 2014.
  251. ↑ William E. Hudson (December 28, 2007). The Libertarian Illusion: Ideology, Public Policy and the Assault on the Common Good. SAGE Publications. pp. 191–. ISBN 978-1-4833-0122-8.
  252. ↑ "Margaret Sanger (1879–1966)". ocp.hul.harvard.edu. Harvard University Library. Retrieved August 13, 2014. In 1965, the Supreme Court decision in Griswold v. Connecticut legalized contraception for married couples.
  253. ↑ CNN (August 7, 2014). "The Times they are a Changin'". The Sixties (Documentary Series). CNN.
  254. ↑ Hodgkinson, Will (June 13, 2005). "Snapshot: Allen Ginsberg at the Albert Hall". theguardian.com. Guardian News and Media Limited. Retrieved June 19, 2014.
  255. ↑ "Beatle McCartney knighted Sir Paul by queen". cnn.com. CNN/Reuters. 1997-03-11. Retrieved 2015-11-14.
  256. ↑ Gary Graff; Daniel Durchholz (12 June 2012). Rock 'n' Roll Myths: The True Stories Behind the Most Infamous Legends. Voyageur Press. pp. 118–. ISBN 978-0-7603-4230-5.
  257. ↑ Righthand, Jess (2010-07-23). "July 25, 1965: Dylan Goes Electric at the Newport Folk Festival". smithsonian.com. Retrieved 2015-02-14. It was during that concert, 45 years ago today, that Bob Dylan plugged in his electric guitar, an action that would alter the landscape of American popular music for generations to come. On that day, as boos, shouts and cries for “the old Dylan” rose above the music, Dylan departed from his acoustic roots and ventured into the realm of rock ‘n’ roll, a genre generally disdained as commercial and mainstream by Dylan’s bohemian peers of the 1960s American folk music revival. In doing this, the artist forged the way for the folk-rock genre, merging his lyrical songwriting style with the hard-driving sounds of rock.
  258. ↑ Miles, Barry (1998). The Beatles: A Diary. Omnibus Press. ISBN 978-0-7119-9196-5.
  259. ↑ Montagne, Renee (2012-12-12). "Music and Mayhem in 'Laurel Canyon'". NPR. Retrieved 2015-11-25.
  260. ↑ Robinson, Lisa (2015-02-28). "An Oral History of Laurel Canyon, the 60s and 70s Music Mecca". Vanity Fair/Conde Nast. Retrieved 2015-11-25.
  261. ↑ Howard Smead (November 1, 2000). Don't Trust Anyone Over Thirty: The First Four Decades of the Baby Boom. iUniverse. pp. 155–. ISBN 978-0-595-12393-3.
  262. ↑ Kilgallen, Dorothy (June 11, 1963). "Dorothy Kilgallen's Voice of Broadway". Syndicated column via The Montreal Gazette. Retrieved July 10, 2014. New York hippies have a new kick - baking marijuana in cookies...
  263. ↑ "Dandridge death caused by drugs". UPI via Baltimore Afro-American. 1965-11-20. Retrieved 2016-06-19.
  264. ↑ "Starring Dorothy Dandridge". tcm.com. Turner Classic Movies. Retrieved 2016-06-19. She was beautiful, she could dance, she could sing, and she could act. Most importantly, she had that indefinable magnetism that attracts an audience and holds their attention. In short, she had everything it took to be a major star in the 1950s. Everything, that is, except white skin.
  265. ↑ Kathleen Fearn-Banks (November 15, 2005). Historical Dictionary of African-American Television. Scarecrow Press. pp. 90–. ISBN 978-0-8108-6522-8.
  266. ↑ Staff Report. "Hot 100 55th Anniversary: Every No. 1 Song (1958-2013)". billboard.com. Billboard. Retrieved 2015-12-07. Eve Of Destruction, Barry McGuire, 9/25/1965
  267. ↑ Chawkins, Steve (2015-11-17). "P.F. Sloan dies at 70; wrote '60s protest song 'Eve of Destruction'". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2015-12-07.
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  269. ↑ Wiegand, David (2016-02-06). "Dan Hicks, a true original of S.F. music scene, dies at 74". San Francisco Chronicle via sfgate.com. Retrieved 2016-07-04. “Today the band is little recalled by those who weren't there, but the Charlatans were the first important new rock band in San Francisco when LSD first rolled through town and things started getting weird. When the five-man band of Edwardian dandies in immaculate vintage wear returned from playing all summer 1965 at the Red Dog Saloon in Virginia City, the Charlatans were the headline attraction at A Tribute to Dr. Strange, the Longshoreman's Hall dance/concert that was ground zero for the '60s San Francisco rock scene. ...Farther down the program that evening was another new band just starting out at a former pizza parlor in the Marina with the peculiar name of Jefferson Airplane.”
  270. ↑ Mitchell, Greg (2010-11-13). "When Antiwar Protest Turned Fatal: The Ballad of Norman Morrison". The Nation.
  271. ↑ Ruane, Michael (2015-11-01). "Vietnam critic's end was the start of family's pain". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2016-04-07. Morrison had set himself ablaze 40 feet from the Pentagon office window of then-Defense Secretary Robert S. McNamara, one of the chief organizers of the U.S. involvement in the war. Years later, a contrite McNamara wrote that Morrison’s death was a tragedy “for me and the country.”
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  274. ↑ Reinholz, Mary (2015-11-26). "Sixties draft-card burners recall inflammatory time at Maryhouse panel talk". The Villager/NYC Community Media. Retrieved 2015-12-30.
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  283. ↑ Gray, Madison (August 11, 2011). "All-TIME 100 Nonfiction Books: #13, The Autobiography of Malcolm X". entertainment.time.com. Time, Inc. Retrieved September 21, 2014. Malcolm X predicted that he would not live to see its publication, a prophecy fulfilled as friction between himself and the Nation of Islam, and a subsequent falling-out culminated in his 1965 assassination. But the pages chronicling the years leading up to it reveal the world of a man who had gone from being a hustler to being one of history's most controversial civil rights icons.
  284. ↑ Manning, Marable; Goodman, Amy (May 21, 2007). "Manning Marable on "Malcolm X: A Life of Reinvention" (transcribed from radio program)". democracynow.org. Retrieved September 21, 2014. But what we do know that is true is that when Malcolm is assassinated on February 21, 1965, within two-and-a-half weeks the original publisher, Doubleday, exes the deal on the book. And in early March '65, they cancel the contract. That's why the book is published at the end of the year by Grove, not Doubleday. It was the most disastrous decision in corporate publishing history. They lost millions of dollars on this.
  285. ↑ Hyde, Justin. "June 24: Ralph Nader wins Senate passage of Highway Safety Act on this date in 1966". autos.yahoo.com. Yahoo News / Motoramic. Retrieved June 25, 2014. Article includes video of Nader reflecting on auto safety legislation.
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  294. ↑ Symonds, Alexandria (2016-02-09). "'Valley of the Dolls,' by the Numbers". The New York Times. Retrieved 2016-06-18. When the actress Jacqueline Susann was diagnosed with breast cancer in 1962, she made a deal with God: She would settle for 10 more years of life. . . if she could become the world’s most popular writer. In the 12 years that followed, she became just that: the first novelist to achieve three consecutive New York Times No. 1 best sellers, and one of the richest self-made women in America. Her first novel, ‘‘Valley of the Dolls,’’ remains a pop-culture touchstone: a gleefully salacious story of friendship, sex, backstabbing and pills (or ‘‘dolls’’) that won famous fans and detractors alike. (Susann, who died in 1974, made hundreds of appearances to support the novel and is credited with inventing the modern book tour.) Now celebrating its 50th anniversary, the tawdry tale of Anne Welles, Jennifer North and Neely O’Hara hasn’t lost its punch. Here, a look at the vital stats behind one of the most talked-about books of all time.
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  317. ↑ Simon Wells (19 January 2012). The Great Rolling Stones Drugs Bust. Music Sales Group. pp. 94–. ISBN 978-0-85712-711-2.
  318. ↑ "Miranda v. Arizona; et al, Facts and Case Summary". uscourts.gov. Administrative Office of the US Courts. Retrieved May 23, 2014.
  319. ↑ Dave Marsh; James Bernard (1 November 1994). New Book of Rock Lists. Simon and Schuster. pp. 398–. ISBN 978-0-671-78700-4.
  320. ↑ Chris Woodstra; John Bush; Stephen Thomas Erlewine (2007). All Music Guide Required Listening: Classic Rock. Backbeat Books. pp. 251–. ISBN 978-0-87930-917-6.
  321. ↑ Wolcott, James (2016-02-05). "Why the Cinema of Swinging London Matters, 50 Years Later". Vanity Fair. Conde Nast. Retrieved 2016-02-25. A heavy whiff of fascism attended the rise to cultural power of teenyboppers and twentysomethings and the emergence of the pop messiah. “We’re more popular than Jesus now,” John Lennon infamously told London’s Evening Standard in 1966, a comment that caused little stir in England but set off a fury here in the States, especially in the Bible Belt, where Beatles records and souvenirs were fed to bonfires, much as disco albums would be a decade later.
  322. ↑ Cleave, Maureen (2009-12-18). "Maureen Cleave: Did I break up The Beatles?". Daily Mail / Associated Newspapers. Retrieved 2016-05-10.
  323. ↑ Richie Unterberger (2002). Turn! Turn! Turn!: The '60s Folk-rock Revolution. Backbeat Books. pp. 234–. ISBN 978-0-87930-703-5.
  324. ↑ "Beatles to avoid Philippines" (64th Year-No. 221). AP via Saskatoon Star-Phoenix. 1966-07-08. Retrieved 2015-12-29.
  325. ↑ Thomson, Elizabeth (2014-02-14). "Five myths about Bob Dylan". Washington Post. Retrieved 2015-11-07.
  326. ↑ "Lenny Bruce, Uninhibited Comic, Found Dead in Hollywood Home". nytimes.com. AP via New York Times Co. August 3, 1966. Retrieved June 11, 2014.
  327. ↑ Stuart Shea; Robert Rodriguez (2007). Fab Four FAQ: Everything Left to Know about the Beatles-- and More!. Hal Leonard. pp. 75–. ISBN 978-1-4234-2138-2.
  328. ↑ Matier, Phillip; Ross, Andrew (April 24, 2014). "Paul McCartney to play Candlestick's final show (with photo album including 1966 show)". sfgate.com. San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved June 11, 2014.
  329. ↑ Ghosh, Palash (August 29, 2012). "Beatles Last Concert At Candlestick Park: The Dream Is Over (Analysis)". ibtimes.com. International Business Times/IBT Media. Retrieved June 11, 2014.
  330. ↑ Weiner, Jonah. "Paul McCartney at Candlestick Park: 'We're Going to Close It Down in Style!'". Rolling Stone.
  331. ↑ "The Monkees - 1967". rollingstone.com. Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2016-02-07. In 1967 the Monkees sold more records than the Beatles and Rolling Stones combined...
  332. ↑ J. Harold Ellens; Thomas B. Roberts Ph.D. (18 August 2015). The Psychedelic Policy Quagmire: Health, Law, Freedom, and Society: Health, Law, Freedom, and Society. ABC-CLIO. pp. 52–. ISBN 978-1-4408-3971-9.
  333. ↑ "Love Pageant". pbs.org. American Experience/PBS. Retrieved June 11, 2014.
  334. ↑ Unknown (1966). "Love Pageant Rally". centerforhomemovies.org. Retrieved 2016-03-24. About the Film On October 6, 1966, the day LSD was made illegal in California a group of hippies, said to fall somewhere around 1,000 in number, gathered on San Francisco’s Panhandle for the Love Pageant Rally. The organizers, Allen Cohen and Michael Bowen, were key figures with the San Francisco Oracle (12 issues between September 1966 and February 1968), an underground publication credited for shaping Haight-Ashbury’s burgeoning counterculture. Cohen and Bowen framed the event not as a protest, but as a celebration of “transcendental consciousness” and the “beauty of being.” While less known than events that followed, this gathering marked a seminal moment in the counterculture revolution of the 1960s. This short document of the Love Pageant Rally features several notable figures from the Haight-Ashbury scene at the time. Striking in the film is how clearly the movement is on the cusp of both of breaking through and falling, if not apart, at least away from its idyllic core. There are two primary focuses in its three minutes: Ken Kesey’s Merry Pranksters and a performance by Big Brother and the Holding Company featuring Janis Joplin. Some groovy dancing does receive significant screen time, but for the sake of this brief essay, lets imagine they’re grooving to Big Brother. The differences between where each stood in regards to their participation in hippie culture presents an interesting glimpse at the seismic shift the countercultural revolution rested at the edge of.
  335. ↑ Domenic Priore; Brian Wilson; Van Dyke Parks. Smile: The Story of Brian Wilson's Lost Masterpiece. Music Sales Limited. pp. 115–. ISBN 978-1-78323-198-0.
  336. ↑ Caswell, Tasha (September 14, 2014). ""Free Bobby, Free Ericka": The New Haven Black Panther Trials". wnpr.org. WNPR / Connecticut Public Broadcasting. Retrieved October 6, 2014. The Black Panther Party, formed in 1966 in Oakland, California by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale, was a revolutionary socialist organization that strove to end the oppression of black people in the United States. It adopted a ten-point plan that called for autonomy, employment, free healthcare, decent housing, financial reparations for slavery, the end of police brutality against black people, the release of black prisoners from jails, fair trials, and black nationalism. In practice, the Panthers focused much of their attention on policing the police, often resorting to violence. The FBI had taken notice. J. Edgar Hoover said in 1968 that the Black Panther Party was "the greatest threat to the internal security of the country." By 1969, the Black Panther Party was well known nationally and had spread across the country.
  337. ↑ United States. Congress. House. Committee on Internal Security (1970). The Black Panther Party, its origin and development as reflected in its official weekly newspaper, the Black panther: black community news service; staff study, Ninety-first Congress, second session. U.S. Government Printing Office.
  338. ↑ "The Black Panther". The British Library Board. Retrieved 2016-02-06. The Black Panther: The Black Panther Party was a radical, revolutionary political group formed in October 1966 by Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale. The Black Panther symbol had been used previously by the Lowndes County Freedom Organization which fought for black voting rights in Alabama.
  339. ↑ "On this day in 1966: John meets Yoko". pbs.org/newshour. MacNeil / Lehrer Productions. Retrieved May 5, 2014.
  340. ↑ Rasmussen, Cecilia (August 5, 2007). "Closing of club ignited the 'Sunset Strip riots'". latimes.com. The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved October 6, 2014. Young rock fans take to the streets after the shuttering of Pandora's Box in 1966. The unrest inspired Stephen Stills' landmark anthem.
  341. ↑ John Einarson (January 1, 2004). For What It's Worth: The Story of Buffalo Springfield. Cooper Square Press. pp. 125–. ISBN 978-0-8154-1281-6.
  342. ↑ Lopez, Steve (2016-11-16). "50 years ago, the Sunset Strip riots made L.A. the 'magical' epicenter of a revolution". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2016-11-16. Los Angeles was the epicenter of rupture in the ’60s — a civil rights uprising, a growing antiwar movement and a cultural revolution that was built in large part around the rock, folk and psychedelic music scene on Sunset Boulevard, which had quickly evolved from Frank Sinatra to Frank Zappa. For several years, the Strip was the international center of a movement that John Densmore, the Doors drummer, refers to as magical. “So we’re the house band at the Whiskey a Go Go, and I’m sitting upstairs looking out the window,” Densmore said. “It’s like a Tuesday night, and it’s complete gridlock and thousands of hippies on the street and I said, ‘Wow, we’re taking over.’” But the nightly throngs rattled the nerves of homeowners and some merchants. Local officials ordered a curfew and a crackdown. Pandora’s Box, a popular club at Sunset and Crescent Heights Boulevard, had been scheduled for demolition, and rebels rallied Nov. 12, 1966, in an effort to save it. The Times reported that Sonny and Cher, Jack Nicholson and Peter Fonda were among the demonstrators, and that Fonda was carted away in handcuffs.
  343. ↑ "Film Censorship: Noteworthy Moments in History". aclu.org. American Civil Liberties Union. Retrieved August 11, 2014. Rather than cut nude scenes from Blow-Up, Michelangelo Antonioni chooses to release it without an MPAA seal.
  344. ↑ Mikulecky, Don (8 June 2015). "Does anyone remember the Diggers?". Daily Kos. Retrieved 30 November 2016. On December 17, 1966, the Diggers held a happening called “The Death of Money” in which they dressed in animal masks and carried a large coffin full of fake money down Haight Street, singing “Get out my life, why don’t you babe?” to the tune of Chopin’s “Death March.”
  345. ↑ "Gene Anthony Gallery of Digger Photographs". The Digger Archives. Retrieved 30 November 2016.
  346. ↑ "Comprehensive information about Richard Brautigan, his life, and writings - 1960s Chronology". BRAUTIGAN.net. John F. Barber, Curator and Archivist. Retrieved 30 November 2016.
  347. ↑ Comoratta, Len (May 15, 2011). "Rock History 101: Freeform Radio". Consequence of Sound • A Member of Townsquare Music. Retrieved March 1, 2015. In the early days of FM, broadcasts were principally educational programming and classical music aimed at a more "upmarket listenership." AM stations simply duplicated their programming onto the FM band, widening their audience with little effort. In 1965, the Federal Communications Commission enacted the FM Non-Duplication Rule. Until this law, AM stations were allowed to rebroadcast the majority of their programming on their FM stations. However, with the passage of the FM Non-Duplication Rule, as of January 1, 1967, FM stations would have to broadcast original content over 50% of their broadcast day. Station programmers and owners now faced with having to create original content were forced to exit the box that was the Top 40 format and begin experimenting.
  348. ↑ Jim Cox (16 September 2013). Radio After the Golden Age: The Evolution of American Broadcasting Since 1960. McFarland. pp. 59–. ISBN 978-0-7864-7434-9.
  349. ↑ Wheeler Winston Dixon (December 1, 2013). Cinema at the Margins. Anthem Press. pp. 36–. ISBN 978-1-78308-016-8.
  350. ↑ David Marc (January 1, 2011). Demographic Vistas: Television in American Culture. University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 78–. ISBN 0-8122-0271-6.
  351. ↑ "The Year of the Hippie/Summer of Love". pbs.org. American Experience/PBS. Retrieved June 11, 2014.
  352. ↑ Sanking, Aaron (September 11, 2012). "Human Be-In Planned In Golden Gate Park This Weekend (PHOTOS)". huffingtonpost.com. TheHuffingtonPost.com, Inc. Retrieved June 11, 2014.
  353. ↑ "Human Be-In". youtube.com. Amateur Footage Uploaded to Youtube by unknown author. Retrieved June 11, 2014.
  354. ↑ "Grateful Dead at The Human Be-in". youtube.com. 1967-01-14. Retrieved 2016-08-20. Amateur footage (some enhanced with modern post-production effects) of the Grateful Dead performing at Human Be-In, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco
  355. ↑ Mark Brend (6 December 2012). The Sound of Tomorrow: How Electronic Music Was Smuggled into the Mainstream. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 6–. ISBN 978-1-62356-529-9.
  356. ↑ Haripada Adhikary (2012). Unifying Force of Hinduism: The Harekrsna Movement. AuthorHouse. pp. 213–. ISBN 978-1-4685-0393-7.
  357. ↑ File:1967 Mantra-Rock Dance Avalon poster.jpg
  358. ↑ Jerome L. Rodnitzky (January 1, 1999). Feminist Phoenix: The Rise and Fall of a Feminist Counterculture. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 73–. ISBN 978-0-275-96575-4.
  359. ↑ "Jefferson Airplane: Surrealistic Pillow". rollingstone.com. Rolling Stone. August 27, 1987. Retrieved June 11, 2014.
  360. ↑ Mushrooms are clearly visible between Grace Slick and Marty Balin's heads
  361. ↑ "Paul Kantner: Leader of Jefferson Airplane whose psychedelic harmonies became the soundtrack to the counter-culture". The Telegraph. 29 Jan 2016. Retrieved 2 February 2016.
  362. ↑ Chomsky, Noam (February 23, 1967). "A Special Supplement: The Responsibility of Intellectuals". nybooks.com. NYREV, Inc. Retrieved June 11, 2014.
  363. ↑ Bodroghkozy, Aniko. "The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour". museum.tv. The Museum of Broadcast Communications. Retrieved May 17, 2014.
  364. ↑ Robinson, Will. "Watch the never-before-seen Beatles video for 'A Day in the Life'". ew.com. Entertainment Weekly, Inc. Retrieved 2015-12-27.
  365. ↑ Jeff Land (1999). Active Radio: Pacifica's Brash Experiment. University of Minnesota Press. pp. 118–. ISBN 978-1-4529-0372-9.
  366. ↑ Scott, A.O. (September 18, 2012). "Rekindling the Spirit of the '60s, Even for Those Who Can't Remember". nytimes.com. The New York Times. Retrieved July 26, 2014. On the night of Feb. 11, 1967, hundreds — maybe thousands — of people congregated in the international terminal of Kennedy Airport, not to embark on flights to far-flung places but rather, well, it isn't entirely clear or relevant. The gathering was an impromptu party, a nonpolitical demonstration, a happening named, in the spirit of the times, a fly-in. Now we might be inclined to see it as a prehistoric flash mob, an example of the power of communication technology to create instantaneous, ephemeral but nonetheless meaningful communities.
  367. ↑ Christopher H. Sterling; Cary O'Dell (February 9, 2011). The Concise Encyclopedia of American Radio. Routledge. pp. 311–. ISBN 978-1-135-17684-6.
  368. ↑ Greenfield, Robert (August 19, 1971). "Keith Richard: The Rolling Stone Interview". rollingstone.com. Rolling Stone. Retrieved July 3, 2014. From the Archives
  369. ↑ Sheila Whiteley (September 2, 2003). The Space Between the Notes: Rock and the Counter-Culture. Routledge. pp. 66–. ISBN 978-1-134-91662-7.
  370. ↑ "Life Magazine Cover February 17, 1967". Life Magazine. Retrieved May 6, 2014.
  371. ↑ Ratliff, Ben (January 11, 2012). "Present at the Counterculture's Creation". nytimes.com. The New York Times Co. Retrieved May 6, 2014.
  372. ↑ Horwitz, Jane (September 5, 2006). "Backstage: She Hopes 'MacBird' Flies in a New Era". washingtonpost.com. The Washington Post. Retrieved May 17, 2014.
  373. ↑ McNeill, Don (March 30, 1967). "The 1967 Central Park Be-In: A 'Medieval Pageant'". villagevoice.com. Village Voice. Retrieved June 11, 2014.
  374. ↑ Wainwright, Loudon (March 31, 1967). The Strange New Love Land of the Hippies. books.google.com. Time, Inc. (original article). pp. 15–16. Retrieved October 5, 2014. Life Magazine via Google Books
  375. ↑ "Martin Luther King, Jr. and the Global Freedom Struggle (sourced)". stanford.edu. Martin Luther King, Jr. Research & Education Center. Retrieved May 3, 2014.
  376. ↑ "TIME Magazine Cover: The Pill". Time.com. April 7, 1967. Retrieved March 20, 2010.
  377. ↑ "Photos: Nashville race riots 1967". tennessean.com. Gannett (archive.tennessean.com). February 29, 2008. Retrieved May 17, 2014.
  378. ↑ "The MOBE: "What are we waiting for?"". pbs.org. PBS / Independent Television Service (ITVS). Retrieved August 11, 2014. After the elections, the committee became the Spring Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam, which organized major anti-war demonstrations that took place in April 1967. In New York City, 400,000 protesters marched from Central Park to the United Nations, with speakers including Martin Luther King Jr. and Stokely Carmichael. 75,000 gathered for a similar rally in San Francisco.
  379. ↑ Hlavaty, Craig (April 28, 2014). "47 years ago today, Muhammad Ali refused the draft in Houston". chron.com. Houston Chronicle. Retrieved October 5, 2014. (Report with photos) Forty-seven years ago today, Muhammad Ali made headlines for refusing to be drafted into the U.S. Army on the grounds of being a conscientious objector, and it all happened here in Houston. It would set off a chain of events that wouldn't cease until a 1971 Supreme Court decision reversed his conviction.
  380. ↑ Walt Crowley (1995). Rites of Passage: A Memoir of the Sixties in Seattle. University of Washington Press. pp. 83–. ISBN 978-0-295-97492-7.
  381. ↑ Winkler, Adam (July 24, 2011). "The Secret History of Guns". theatlantic.com. The Atlantic Monthly Group. Retrieved October 10, 2014. It was May 2, 1967, and the Black Panthers' invasion of the California statehouse launched the modern gun-rights movement.
  382. ↑ "Yarrowstalks Archives". library.temple.edu. Temple University. 1977. Retrieved October 14, 2014. Twelve issues of Yarrowstalks were published in Philadelphia from 1967 until 1975. Most of the activity was concentrated at the beginning of the period, in the heyday of underground press activity. The "summer of love" in 1967 saw the birth of about 100 underground publications nationwide, and Yarrowstalks was one of the first. It was the most physically appealing of the first wave in its creative use of color and artwork. In contrast to the other Philadelphia papers, Yarrowstalks leaned away from the politics. Like New York's East Village Other and the San Francisco Oracle, Yarrowstalks was among the first underground paper to explore the graphic possibilities of cold-type offset printing. Color was splashed over pages with sketches and text. The Oracle, particularly, was responsible for making newspaper graphics an art form, and it published some of the most beautiful and trend-setting psychedelic art of the 1960s. Yarrowstalks was Philadelphia's Oracle. It was the first of the undergrounds to publish the cartoons of Robert Crumb, an ex-Hallmark illustrator who has become the leading artist of underground "commix." In his character, Mr. Natural, he captured the feeling of the movement. Mr. Natural graced Yarrowstalks that summer and subsequently appeared in most of the alternative publications in the country.
  383. ↑ Peter Hitchens (January 3, 2013). The War We Never Fought: The British Establishment's Surrender to Drugs. A&C Black. pp. 107–. ISBN 978-1-4411-7331-7.
  384. ↑ Bryson, William (May 22, 1967). "Texas Southern University: Born in Sin, A College Finally Makes Houston Listen". thecrimson.com. The Harvard Crimson, Inc. Retrieved October 15, 2014. Since this article was written, the situation at Texas Southern has become even worse. A policeman was killed in rioting last week, and 488 people were arrested.
  385. ↑ Zoch, Louis (May 2010). "Fallen Officers Remembered: Louis Kuba". hpou.org. Houston Police Officers' Union. Retrieved January 14, 2015. At 2:20 a.m., a group of officers were near the northwest corner of the University Center, lined up along a wall awaiting directions from supervisors at the scene. Chief Short, like all of the other officers, took cover wherever possible. The chief directed officers to fire only when fired upon and only above the building or directly at a known source of the gunfire. Reporters Charley Schneider of The Houston Post and Nick Gearhardt of KHOU-TV (Channel 11), were with this group of officers. Schneider said that there were two officers and a TV newsman in front of him. He said that Officer Louis Kuba was directly behind him with his hand on Schneider's shoulder. Heavy fire continued from the dorm and Schneider suddenly felt Kuba's hand become limp. Turning, he saw the officer slumping backward into Gearhardt's outstretched arms, an expressionless look on his face and blood pouring from his forehead. Schneider reported in a Post article the following day, "There was no riot at TSU. It was war." An ambulance rushed the wounded officer to Ben Taub General Hospital. He died at 8:38 a.m. from a bullet wound above his right eye. Quiet, easy-going, even-tempered, Officer Louis Raymond Kuba, only thirty-four days out of Class No. 34, was only twenty-five.
  386. ↑ Crane, Ralph (April 1967). "1967: Pictures from a Pivotal Year". life.time.com. Time, Inc. Retrieved January 14, 2015.
  387. ↑ Andrew E. Hunt (May 1, 2001). The Turning: A History of Vietnam Veterans Against the War. NYU Press. pp. 11–12. ISBN 978-0-8147-3635-7.
  388. ↑ "VVAW / FAQ / Who founded Vietnam Veterans Against the War?". vvaw.org. Vietnam Veterans Against the War. Retrieved October 15, 2014. On June 1, 1967, six Vietnam veterans gathered in Barry's apartment to form VVAW. Another vet associated with the early days of VVAW is Carl Rogers. Rogers held a press conference upon his return from his Vietnam service as a chaplain's assistant announcing his opposition to the war. Barry recruited him and at some point he became "vice president" of VVAW. Other early influential members who are mentioned are David Braum, John Talbot, and Art Blank. Jan Barry also lists Steve Greene and Frank (Rocky) Rocks
  389. ↑ Walter C. Rucker; James N. Upton (2007). Encyclopedia of American Race Riots. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-313-33302-6.
  390. ↑ Weller, Sheila (July 2012). "Suddenly That Summer". Vanity Fair / Conde Nast. Vanity Fair. Retrieved January 14, 2015. It was billed as "the Summer of Love," a blast of glamour, ecstasy, and Utopianism that drew some 75,000 young people to the San Francisco streets in 1967. Who were the true movers behind the Haight-Ashbury happening that turned America on to a whole new age?
  391. ↑ Light, Alan (2007-07-12). "Summer of Love: London - Tightly knit, decadent and explosively creative, the scene was too good to last". rollingstone.com. Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2016-02-08.
  392. ↑ "500 Greatest Albums of All Time: #1- The Beatles, 'Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band'". rollingstone.com. Rolling Stone. Retrieved October 18, 2014. At the same time, Sgt. Pepper formally ushered in an unforgettable season of hope, upheaval and achievement: the late 1960s and, in particular, 1967's Summer of Love. In its iridescent instrumentation, lyric fantasias and eye-popping packaging, Sgt. Pepper defined the opulent revolutionary optimism of psychedelia and instantly spread the gospel of love, acid, Eastern spirituality and electric guitars around the globe. No other pop record of that era, or since, has had such an immediate, titanic impact. This music documents the world's biggest rock band at the very height of its influence and ambition.
  393. ↑ The Oxford Encyclopedia of British Literature. Oxford University Press. pp. 139–. ISBN 978-0-19-516921-8.
  394. ↑ Paul Hegarty; Martin Halliwell (June 23, 2011). Beyond and Before: Progressive Rock since the 1960s. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 30–. ISBN 978-1-4411-1480-8.
  395. ↑ "Photos: KFRC Fantasy Fair 1967 and Mountain Music Festival". jeffersonairplane.com. Jefferson Airplane, Inc. June 1967. Retrieved January 14, 2015.
  396. ↑ Coleman, Arica (2016-06-10). "What You Didn't Know About Loving v. Virginia". Time. Retrieved 2016-08-10. The landmark civil rights Supreme Court case—which made it illegal to ban interracial marriage—was about more than black and white
  397. ↑ Marshall, Jim. "Hippie story (Photos)". loc.gov. Look via Library of Congress. Retrieved 2015-11-16. Summary: Photographs show hippies in the Haight-Ashbury section of San Francisco, Calif. Includes people at a "feed-in"; a man injecting drugs; the rock group The Grateful Dead performing in Golden Gate Park; people dancing in the park; a man selling small pictures on a street; a woman delivering mail; Allen Cohen, publisher of Oracle magazine. Also Look editor William Hedgepeth in a group portrait with his house-mates. Unpublished photographs show a young woman holding a flower; with a puppy; with a kitten; hugging a man. Also people in a San Francisco park; a man blowing large soap bubbles.
  398. ↑ Spangler, Jay. "McCartney Interview: LSD and Journalism, 6/19/1967". beatlesinterviews.org. Retrieved 2016-10-06. Q: "Paul, how often have you taken LSD?" PAUL: (pause) "About four times." Q: "And where did you get it from?" PAUL: "Well, you know, if I was to say where I got it from, you know, I mean... it's illegal and everything... it's silly to say that, you know. So I'd rather not say that." Q: "Don't you believe that this is a matter which you should have kept private?" PAUL: "Mmm, but the thing is -- I was asked a question by a newspaper, and the decision was whether to tell a lie or tell him the truth. I decided to tell him the truth... but I really didn't want to say anything, you know, because if I had my way I wouldn't have told anyone. I'm not trying to spread the word about this. But the man from the newspaper is the man from the mass medium. I'll keep it a personal thing if he does too you know... if he keeps it quiet. But he wanted to spread it so it's his responsibility, you know, for spreading it not mine."
  399. ↑ "Paul McCartney admits taking LSD". 94.7 WCSX-Greater Media. Retrieved 2016-10-06. Video of McCartney Interview
  400. ↑ Barney Hoskyns (December 9, 2010). Hotel California: The True-Life Adventures of Crosby, Stills, Nash, Young, Mitchell, Taylor, Browne, Ronstadt, Geffen, the Eagles, and Their Many Friends. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 17–. ISBN 978-1-118-04050-8.
  401. ↑ David S. Kidder; Noah D. Oppenheim (October 14, 2008). The Intellectual Devotional Modern Culture: Revive Your Mind, Complete Your Education, and Converse Confidently with the Culturati. Rodale. pp. 248–. ISBN 978-1-60529-793-4.
  402. ↑ Johnson Publishing Company (October 1995). Ebony. Johnson Publishing Company. pp. 136–. ISSN 0012-9011.
  403. ↑ Roger Beebe; Jason Middleton (September 5, 2007). Medium Cool: Music Videos from Soundies to Cellphones. Duke University Press. pp. 256–. ISBN 0-8223-9020-5.
  404. ↑ George Martin (October 15, 1994). All You Need Is Ears: The Inside Personal Story of the Genius who Created The Beatles. St. Martin's Press. pp. 193–. ISBN 978-0-312-11482-4.
  405. ↑ "The Hippies: The Philosophy of a Subculture". Time Magazine. 1967-07-07. Retrieved 2015-11-16. Article Summary: One sociologist calls them "the Freudian proletariat." Another observer sees them as "expatriates living on our shores but beyond our society." Historian Arnold Toynbee describes them as "a red warning light for the American way of life." For California's Bishop James Pike, they evoke the early Christians: "There is something about the temper and quality of these people, a gentleness, a quietness, an interest—something good." To their deeply worried parents throughout the country, they seem more like dangerously deluded dropouts, candidates for a very sound spanking and a cram course in civics—if only they would return...
  406. ↑ Preston, John (2010-03-07). "London Calling by Barry Miles: review - The louche, the drunk, the ridiculously avant garde... London Calling by Barry Miles offers an entertaining tour of the capital's counterculture". The Telegraph. Retrieved 2016-06-17. That said, it’s worth ploughing through almost any amount of detail to get to the story of Emmett Grogan, who in 1967 was one of the speakers who addressed the deeply unalluringly titled Dialectics of Liberation Congress at the Roundhouse in Chalk Farm. Grogan delivered a 10-minute speech all about 'effecting a real inner transformation’ that was rapturously received by the assembled hippies. After the applause had died down, Grogan thanked the audience for their generosity, but pointed out that he was not, in fact, the first person to make this speech: it had originally been delivered by Adolf Hitler at the Reichstag in 1937. Whereupon the rapturous audience immediately turned into a baying lynch-mob.
  407. ↑ "1967 Dialectics Participants Among the main participants at the 1967 Dialectics of Liberation Congress were:". dialecticsofliberation.com. Dialectics of Liberation. Retrieved 2016-06-17.
  408. ↑ Simons, Terry (2015-06-26). "A Brief History of the Counterculture". counterpunch.org. CounterPunch. Retrieved 2016-06-17.
  409. ↑ Cullen, Tom A. (September 14, 1967). "Americans in London - England is Hippie Heaven". news.google.com/newspapers. Retrieved October 18, 2014.
  410. ↑ "Photos: Pot Rally at Hyde Park, London (July 16th, 1967)". herbmuseum.ca. The Herb Museum. Retrieved October 18, 2014. "July 1967: A 'Legalise Pot' rally is held in London's Hyde Park; an advertisement in The Times, sponsored by SOMA, a drug research organisation, states: 'The law against marijuana is immoral in principle and unworkable in practice.' Signatories include the Beatles, RD Laing and Graham Greene." - from 100 Years of Altered States, The Guardian Newspaper (July 21, 2002)
  411. ↑ "Photos and Detroit News page image captures". detroitnews.mycapture.com. The Detroit News. July 1967. Retrieved May 27, 2014.
  412. ↑ McGee, Frank (1967). "1967 NBC News Special Report: Summer '67 "What We Learned"". youtube.com. NBC News. Retrieved June 6, 2014.
  413. ↑ "Beatles' manager Epstein dies". bbc.co.uk. BBC. August 27, 1967. Retrieved June 11, 2014.
  414. ↑ File:The_Daily_Mirror,_Brian_Epstein_death.jpg
  415. ↑ Greil Marcus (9 April 2013). The Doors: A Lifetime of Listening to Five Mean Years. PublicAffairs. pp. 87–. ISBN 978-1-61039-236-5.
  416. ↑ Tony Currie (2001). The Radio Times Story. Kelly. pp. 118–. ISBN 978-1-903053-09-6.
  417. ↑ Hartlaub, Peter (2013-07-25). "Grateful Dead and the 710 Ashbury St. drug bust of 1967". sfgate.com. Hearst. Retrieved 2016-02-27. SF Chronicle excerpts and photos."
  418. ↑ Daniels, Maria; et al. (1997). "OCTOBER 6, 1967 Death of the Hippie". pbs.org. PBS / American Experience (US). Retrieved October 24, 2014. Hippies stage a mock funeral to signal the end of San Francisco's overhyped, overattended hippie scene. As Mary Ellen Kasper will later recall, the message was, "Stay where you are! Bring the revolution to where you live."
  419. ↑ Goldstein, Richard (October 19, 1967). "Love: A Groovy Idea While He Lasted". villagevoice.com. Village Voice, LLC. Retrieved May 1, 2014.
  420. ↑ Krajicek, David (2016-03-12). "'Groovy Murders' in 1967, when young wanderer and wealthy teen girlfriend were bludgeoned with bricks, rattled Greenwich Village's hippie culture". nydailynews.com. New York Daily News. Retrieved 2016-03-12. Police said she and Groovy were looking to score LSD at Tompkins Square on Oct. 7, a Saturday. Thomas Dennis, a young black man who was a fixture in the park, steered them a half-block away to a five-story Avenue B tenement. There they met Donald Ramsey, 26, a self-declared Yoruba priest who lived in the building with his wife and newborn son. Thomas Fink, a police boss, said the pair were “enticed into the basement, where they were given the drug.”
  421. ↑ Bourne, Richard (October 10, 1967). "Che Guevara, Marxist architect of revolution". guardian.com. Guardian News and Media. Retrieved October 18, 2014. Rumours of disagreements with Castro grew. After months of mystery Castro announced that Guevara, who was known to have a garibaldian yearning to liberate the entire Latin American land mass, had resigned Cuban citizenship and left for "a new field of battle in the struggle against imperialism". [web story is reprint of original article]
  422. ↑ W.J. Rorabaugh Professor of History University of Washington (May 4, 1989). Berkeley at War : The 1960s: The 1960s. Oxford University Press. pp. 118–. ISBN 978-0-19-802252-7.
  423. ↑ Richards, Harvey; Richards, Paul. "Stop the Draft, December, 1967 - Draft Cards Burning, Sit ins, Stop the Draft Week". hrmediaarchive.estuarypress.com. Harvey Richards Media Archive / Paul Richards. Retrieved October 18, 2014. Photos & Text: top the Draft Week in December, 1967 at the Oakland Army Induction Center on Clay Street in downtown Oakland, California had many of the same actions that happened in October, 1967, just two months earlier. There was civil disobedience. Protesters blocked the doorway of the Center and were arrested. This time, protesters also sat down in front of the buses full of draftees. Draft eligible protesters publicly burned their draft cards in an open show of defiance against the draft and the laws that made it illegal to burn your draft card. Noticeably different in these photos is moderation of the police response. The streets were not cleared of protesters. Police did not stand with billy clubs at the ready. In the end, the draftees went into the center and the war machine continued.
  424. ↑ "1967: Joan Baez arrested in Vietnam protest". news.bbc.co.uk. BBC. October 16, 1967. Retrieved October 18, 2014. Rallies across America have taken place in 30 US cities, from Boston to Atlanta, to protest against the continuing war in Vietnam. In Oakland, California, at least 40 anti-war protesters, including the folk singer Joan Baez, were arrested for taking part in a sit-in at a military induction centre. As many as 250 demonstrators had gathered to try and prevent conscripts from entering the building when the arrests were made. The 'Stop the Draft Week' protests are forming part of a nationwide initiative organised by a group calling itself 'the Resistance'. Accompanied by singing from Ms Baez and others, the sitting protesters forced draftees to climb over them in order to get inside the building. As they entered they were handed leaflets asking them to change their minds, refuse induction and join the protests. Human barricade Police formed a human barricade to enable inductees to pass and then made their arrests. In New York, around 500 demonstrators marched to protest against the draft. Young men placed draft cards into boxes marked 'Resisters'. 181 draft cards and several hundred protest cards were presented to a US Marshal but he refused to accept them. The group then marched to a post office and posted them directly to the Attorney General in Washington. The anti-war movement took on an added gravity yesterday when Florence Beaumont, mother of two, burned herself to death. After soaking herself in petrol she set herself alight in front of the Federal Building, Los Angeles. Counter-demonstrations have been planned by the National Committee for Responsible Patriotism, based in New York. Parades have been scheduled for the weekend in support of "our boys in Vietnam".
  425. ↑ John Rockwell (3 June 2014). The New York Times the Times of the Sixties: The Culture, Politics, and Personalities That Shaped the Decade. Hachette Books. pp. 1–. ISBN 978-1-57912-964-4.
  426. ↑ "N.Y. Police, Students Battle". Chicago Tribune. UPI (1967-10-19) via Chicago Tribune (1967-10-20). 1967-10-20. Retrieved 2016-04-04.
  427. ↑ Sharin N. Elkholy (March 22, 2012). The Philosophy of the Beats. University Press of Kentucky. pp. 239–. ISBN 0-8131-4058-7.
  428. ↑ Leen, Jeff (September 27, 1999). "The Vietnam Protests: When Worlds Collided". washingtonpost.com. The Washington Post. Retrieved August 11, 2014. The Pentagon march was the culmination of five days of nationwide anti-draft protests organized by the National Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam -- "the Mobe." But a singular spark was provided by the Youth International Party (Yippies), a fringe group whose leaders, Abbie Hoffman and Jerry Rubin, had announced that they planned an "exorcism" of the Pentagon. They would encircle the building, chant incantations, "levitate" the structure and drive out the evil war spirits.
  429. ↑ Ron Chepesiuk (January 1, 1995). Sixties Radicals, Then and Now: Candid Conversations with Those Who Shaped the Era. McFarland. pp. 303–. ISBN 978-0-7864-3732-0.
  430. ↑ "Huey P. Newton Biography: Civil Rights Activist (1942–1989)". biography.com. A&E Television Networks, LLC. Retrieved August 11, 2014. Newton himself was arrested in 1967 for allegedly killing an Oakland police officer during a traffic stop. He was later convicted of voluntary manslaughter and sentenced to two to 15 years in prison. But public pressure—"Free Huey" became a popular slogan of the day—helped Newton's cause. The case was eventually dismissed after two retrials ended with hung juries.
  431. ↑ Huey P. Newton (September 29, 2009). Revolutionary Suicide: (Penguin Classics Deluxe Edition). Penguin Group US. ISBN 978-1-101-14047-5.
  432. ↑ Wetzteon, Ross; Ortega, Tony (November 16, 1967). "Not Everyone Loves You For Giving Things Away". villagevoice.com. The Village Voice. Retrieved August 15, 2014. Hippies' Free Store Not So Popular With Thugs (headline from Ortega's excerpt of original article, published by Village Voice 2010-03-24)
  433. ↑ Fagan, Alexandra. "Rolling Stone's First Issue". rockhall.com. Retrieved 2016-01-14.
  434. ↑ Barker, Andrew (2014-10-24). "Cream Bassist Jack Bruce Dies at 71". Variety. Retrieved 2016-01-14.
  435. ↑ "Students Demonstrate Against Dow Chemical Company". history.com. A&E Television Networks. Retrieved 2016-10-05.
  436. ↑ Wenner, Jann (1968-01-20). "Otis Redding: The Crown Prince of Soul Is Dead - The singer dies in a plane crash at 26 years old". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2016-05-09. Otis Redding, 26 years old, a former well-driller from Macon, Georgia, died in a plane crash in an icy Wisconsin lake on December 10. With him were the five teen-age members of the Bar-Kays, a group which made the popular instrumental, "Soul Finger," and who backed Otis on his recent tours and appearances. Otis was headed from Cleveland, Ohio, to a Sunday evening concert in Madison, Wisconsin. It was his first tour in the private plane he had just purchased. His plane hit the surface of the fog-shrouded lake with tremendous force, widely scattering the debris. He was only four miles from the Madison Municipal Airport. On Tuesday, teams of divers were still dredging the bottom of the lake in a search for the bodies.
  437. ↑ Brian Greenberg; Linda S. Watts; Richard A. Greenwald (23 October 2008). Social History of the United States [10 volumes]. ABC-CLIO. pp. 6–. ISBN 978-1-59884-128-2.
  438. ↑ James E. Perone (17 October 2012). The Album: A Guide to Pop Music's Most Provocative, Influential, and Important Creations. ABC-CLIO. pp. 2–. ISBN 978-0-313-37907-9.
  439. ↑ Karch, Stephen (2011). "The Open Forensic Science Journal, 2011, 4, 20-24 20 1874-4028/11 2011 Bentham Open Open Access A Historical Review of MDMA". The Open Forensic Science Journal. 4: 20–24. Retrieved 2016-08-13. University and industry based medicinal chemists took up where the Army had left off and scientific human experimentation finally began in earnest. Psychiatrists suspected that MDMA had useful therapeutic properties. Much of the enthusiasm for this line of research was a result of active proselytizing by a former Dow Chemical employee Alexander Shulgin who first synthesized MDMA as an academic exercise in 1965. He did not try the drug himself until 1967. Marie Kleinman, a graduate student in the medicinal chemistry group that Shulgin advised at San Francisco State University, finally convinced Shulgin to try the drug. In 1976, Shulgin shared his enthusiasm about MDMA with Leo Zeff, a psychologist from Oakland, California. Zeff, who had actually been using the drug since 1961, began giving MDMA to his patients, using small doses as an aid to therapeutic interaction. Zeff proselytized actively and introduced MDMA to hundreds of psychologists around the nation, including Ann Shulgin, whom Alexander Shulgin met in 1979, and married in 1981 [6].
  440. ↑ James A. Inciardi (1990). Handbook of Drug Control in the United States. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 16–. ISBN 978-0-313-26190-9.
  441. ↑ Julia Buxton (6 April 2011). The Politics of Narcotic Drugs: A Survey. Routledge. pp. 271–. ISBN 978-1-136-88061-2.
  442. ↑ Gross, Terry (October 29, 1987). "Tom Wolfe: Chronicling Counterculture's 'Acid Test'". npr.org. National Public Radio (US). Retrieved July 9, 2014. Fresh Air: Text & Audio of Interview w/Wolfe
  443. ↑ "Blue Cheer Biography". rollingstone.com. Rolling Stone Magazine. 2001. Retrieved July 9, 2014. Blue Cheer appeared in spring 1968 with a thunderously loud remake of Eddie Cochran's "Summertime Blues" that many regard as the first true heavy-metal record. One of the first hard-rock power trios, the group was named for an especially high-quality strain of LSD. Its manager, Gut, was an ex-Hell's Angel. (This biography originally appeared in The Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock & Roll (Simon & Schuster, 2001))
  444. ↑ "'Laugh-In' Comic Alan Sues Dies At 85". sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com. CBS/AP. December 4, 2011. Retrieved June 17, 2014.
  445. ↑ Cheng, Jim (May 26, 2008). "'Laugh-in' comic Dick Martin dies at 86". usatoday.com. USA Today/Gannett. Retrieved June 17, 2014.
  446. ↑ Oberdorfer, Don (November 2004). "TET: Who Won?; A North Vietnamese battlefield defeat that led to victory, the Tet Offensive still triggers debate nearly four decades later". smithsonianmag.com. Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved January 13, 2015.
  447. ↑ James Arnold (September 20, 2012). Tet Offensive 1968: Turning point in Vietnam. Osprey Publishing. pp. 88–. ISBN 978-1-78200-428-8.
  448. ↑ Nielsen Business Media, Inc. (March 30, 1968). Billboard. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. pp. 35–. ISSN 0006-2510.
  449. ↑ Staton, Scott (December 12, 2012). "Neal Cassady: American Muse, Holy Fool". newyorker.com. The New Yorker Magazine. Retrieved November 13, 2015.
  450. ↑ Bass, Jack (2003). "Documenting the Orangeburg Massacre". www.nieman.harvard.edu. Nieman Foundation for Journalism at Harvard / Harvard University. Retrieved July 9, 2014. Campus killings of black students received little news coverage in 1968, but a book about them keeps their memory alive.
  451. ↑ Hunter Davies (1985). The Beatles. W.W. Norton. pp. 234–. ISBN 978-0-393-31571-4.
  452. ↑ Saxena, Shivani (November 28, 2014). "On Harrison's death anniv, Beatles ashram glory lost in Rajaji wilderness". timesofindia.indiatimes.com. Times of India. Retrieved December 12, 2014. Situated by the Ganga, the 'Maharishi Mahesh Yogi Ashram' of Rishikesh — known the world over as the Beatles ashram — is where the "band more famous than Jesus Christ" dabbled in transcendental meditation under the tutelage of Maharishi Mahesh Yogi in the spring of 1968. More famously, the Beatles ashram in Uttarakhand is where the iconic 'White Album' was born. The album sold 9.5 million copies in the United States alone.
  453. ↑ Jones, David (2008-02-06). "Lennon was right. The Giggling Guru was a shameless old fraud". Daily Mail. Retrieved 2016-10-04.
  454. ↑ Raz, Guy (July 18, 2009). "Final Words: Cronkite's Vietnam Commentary (Parting words from Walter Cronkite: His famous Vietnam commentary, originally aired on a special CBS News broadcast Feb. 27, 1968.)". npr.org. NPR (US). Retrieved June 19, 2014.
  455. ↑ Stephen L. Vaughn (September 12, 2007). Encyclopedia of American Journalism. Routledge. pp. 127–. ISBN 978-1-135-88020-0.
  456. ↑ Franklin, Charles (July 17, 2009). "Walter Cronkite, Most Trusted Man in America". pollster.com. Pollster.com. Retrieved June 19, 2014.
  457. ↑ Wicker, Tom (1997-01-26). "Walter Cronkite's memoir of television journalism from its infancy to the age of the talking haircut". nytimes.com. The New York Times. Retrieved 2016-03-02. Review of Cronkite Book
  458. ↑ Johnson Publishing Company (December 1998). Ebony. Johnson Publishing Company. pp. 68–. ISSN 0012-9011.
  459. ↑ Moyers, Bill (March 28, 2008). "The Kerner Commission — 40 Years Later". pbs.org. Bill Moyers Journal / Public Affairs Television. Retrieved July 10, 2014. ...the Kerner Report, with its stark conclusion that "Our nation is moving towards two societies — one white, one black — separate and unequal" — was a best-seller. It was also the source of great controversy and remains so today.
  460. ↑ Thernstrom, Stephan; Siegel, Fred; Woodson, Robert (June 24, 1998). "The Kerner Commission Report". heritage.org. Heritage Foundation. Retrieved July 10, 2014. This lecture was held at The Heritage Foundation on March 13, 1998.
  461. ↑ "3 Honored for Saving Lives at My Lai". nytimes.com. The New York Times. March 7, 1998. Retrieved July 10, 2014. Thirty years after one of the darkest moments in United States military history, three soldiers who happened upon the My Lai massacre and risked their lives to save Vietnamese civilians by aiming their weapons at fellow Americans were proclaimed heroes today by the Army.
  462. ↑ William Thomas Allison (July 21, 2012). My Lai: An American Atrocity in the Vietnam War. JHU Press. pp. 10–. ISBN 978-1-4214-0706-7.
  463. ↑ "Report of the Department of the Army Review of the Preliminary Investigations into the My Lai Incident: Vol. 1, the Report of the Investigation" (PDF). loc.gov. United States Army. March 14, 1970. Retrieved July 10, 2014.
  464. ↑ "1968: Anti-Vietnam demo turns violent". bbc.co.uk. BBC (UK). 2008. Retrieved July 10, 2014. The trouble followed a big rally in Trafalgar square, when an estimated 10,000 demonstrated against American action in Vietnam and British support for the United States.
  465. ↑ Hoyland, John (2008-03-14). "Power to the people: The year was 1968 and, worldwide, there was revolution in the air. But when John Hoyland attacked John Lennon's politics in a radical paper, he didn't expect the fiery Beatle to rise to the bait". Guardian News and Media Limited. Retrieved 2016-04-14.
  466. ↑ Kennedy, Robert Francis (March 18, 1968). "Robert F. Kennedy Speeches: Remarks at the University of Kansas, March 18, 1968". jfklibrary.org. John F. Kennedy Library & Museum. Retrieved July 10, 2014. I don't want to be part of a government, I don't want to be part of the United States, I don't want to be part of the American people, and have them write of us as they wrote of Rome: "They made a desert and they called it peace."
  467. ↑ McNeill, Don; Ortega, Tony (March 28, 1968). "The Grand Central Riot: Yippies Meet the Man". villagevoice.com. The Village Voice. Retrieved July 27, 2014. Clip Job: Yip-In Turns Into Bloody Mess as Police Riot at Grand Central (headline from archived article published 2010-04-10)
  468. ↑ Peter Knight (2003). Conspiracy Theories in American History: An Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. pp. 752–. ISBN 978-1-57607-812-9.
  469. ↑ Boxer, Tim. "Photo: Yippies In Grand Central Station". gettyimages.com. Getty Images. Retrieved July 10, 2014. Caption:Members of the Youth International Party, or Yippies, gathering Grand Central Station for a sit-down demonstration New York, New York, March 22, 1968. (Photo by Tim Boxer/Pictorial Parade/Getty Images)
  470. ↑ Johnson, Lyndon Baines (March 31, 1968). "Presidential Johnson's Address to the Nation, 3/31/68". lbjlibrary.net. The Lyndon Baines Johnson Presidential Library (video via Youtube). Retrieved July 10, 2014. I shall not seek, and I will not accept, the nomination of my party for another term as your president.
  471. ↑ Campbell, Howard (September 12, 2012). "Larry Marshall makes sweet Nanny Goat". Jamaica Observer. Retrieved July 11, 2014. The song he recorded at Dodd's Studio One was Nanny Goat which some musicologists and reggae historians say is the first reggae song. Others argue that Toots and the Maytals' Do The Reggay, also done in 1968, and Games People Play by Bob Andy the following year, marked the transition from rocksteady to reggae. But for most, Nanny Goat was the game-changer.
  472. ↑ Kevin O'Brien Chang; Wayne Chen (1998). Reggae Routes: The Story of Jamaican Music. Temple University Press. pp. 129–. ISBN 978-1-56639-629-5.
  473. ↑ Don Voorhees (October 4, 2011). The Super Book of Useless Information: The Most Powerfully Unnecessary Things You Never Need to Know. Penguin. pp. 123–. ISBN 978-1-101-54513-3.
  474. ↑ Cox Commission (1968). Crisis at Columbia (Cox Commission Report) (Paperback). Random House / First Vintage Press. p. 222. Report of the Fact Finding Commission Appointed to Investigate the Disturbances at Columbia University in April and May 1968
  475. ↑ "Reservists Lose Plea, High Court OK's Vietnam Duty". AP via Milwaukee Journal. October 28, 1968. Retrieved July 10, 2014.
  476. ↑ "Complete Transcript of the Martin Luther King, Jr. Assassination Conspiracy Trial" (PDF). thekingcenter.org. The Martin Luther King, Jr. Center for Nonviolent Social Change. Retrieved July 9, 2014.
  477. ↑ Flock, Elizabeth (April 12, 2012). "Martin Luther King assassination in 1968 a 'cruel and wanton act'". washingtonpost.com. The Washington Post. Retrieved July 9, 2014. After King's death, riots spread through Memphis. Some 4,000 National Guard troops were ordered into the city, and a curfew was imposed on the city...The riots soon spread across the nation— to Chicago, Baltimore, Kansas City and Washington, D.C.
  478. ↑ "Youth: The Politics of YIP" (April 5, 1968). Time Magazine. April 5, 1968. Vol. 91 No. 41
  479. ↑ "Interview: Eldridge Cleaver". PBS / Frontline (US). Retrieved July 10, 2014. Bobby Hutton didn't get wounded during the shootout, but they murdered him after we were in custody.
  480. ↑ Pear, Robert (July 12, 1981). "Plan to Merge FBI and Drug Agency Pressed (Special to the NY Times)". nytimes.com. The New York Times. Retrieved July 11, 2014. The Bureau of Narcotics, a Treasury Department agency established in 1930, was combined in 1968 with the Bureau of Drug Abuse Control, a unit of the Food and Drug Administration, to form the Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs, within the Justice Department. Then, with the transfer of more than 500 narcotics investigators from the Treasury's old Bureau of Customs, the Drug Enforcement Administration was created in 1973.
  481. ↑ Law, Lisa. "Photo: Easter Sunday Love-In, Malibu Canyon, California, 1968. This was a celebration of the counterculture movement.". nwhistorycourse.org. Lisa Law. Retrieved July 10, 2014.
  482. ↑ Emmis Communications (November 1991). Texas Monthly. Emmis Communications. pp. 118–. ISSN 0148-7736.
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  484. ↑ Poggioli, Sylvia (May 13, 2008). "Marking the French Social Revolution of '68". npr.org. Morning Edition /National Public Radio (US). Retrieved July 10, 2014. Audio, Text & Photos
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  486. ↑ Robert Dallek (March 19, 1998). Flawed Giant: Lyndon Johnson and His Times, 1961-1973. Oxford University Press. pp. 738–. ISBN 978-0-19-977190-5.
  487. ↑ Christine Bragg (2005). Vietnam, Korea and US Foreign Policy 1945-75. Heinemann. pp. 153–. ISBN 978-0-435-32708-8.
  488. ↑ ""Catonsville 9" All Get Prison". AP via Milwaikee Journal. November 8, 1968. Retrieved July 10, 2014.
  489. ↑ "Rioting in Louisville, KY (1968)". nkaa.uky.edu. University of Kentucky. 2003–2014. Retrieved July 11, 2014. The skirmish escalated, growing into a full-fledged riot in the West End, lasting for almost a week. Six units of the national guard, over 2,000 guardsmen, were ordered to Louisville. Looting and shooting occurred, buildings were burned, two teens were killed, and 472 people were arrested
  490. ↑ Robert Niemi (January 1, 2006). History in the Media: Film and Television. ABC-CLIO. pp. 305–. ISBN 978-1-57607-952-2.
  491. ↑ Smith, Jack (June 3, 1968). "Photo: Andy Warhol being lifted into an ambulance after he was shot, June 3, 1968". warhol.org. The Andy Warhol Museum, Pittsburgh; Founding Collection, Contribution The Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, Inc. Retrieved June 12, 2014.
  492. ↑ Granberry, Michael (June 5, 2014). "Forty-six years ago today, an assassin shot Sen. Robert F. Kennedy, stamping 1968 as the year that forever changed America". dallasnews.com. The Dallas Morning News Inc. Retrieved June 12, 2014.
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  494. ↑ "The Beatles' 1968 Pop Art masterpiece Yellow Submarine has been digitally restored and re-released to huge acclaim". thebeatles.com. Apple Corps. June 22, 2012. Retrieved July 12, 2014.
  495. ↑ Günter Bischof; Stefan Karner; Peter Ruggenthaler (2010). The Prague Spring and the Warsaw Pact Invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-7391-4304-9.
  496. ↑ "The 1968 Democratic National Convention: At the height of a stormy year, Chicago streets become nightly battle zones.". chicagotribune.com. Chicago Tribune. August 26, 1968. Retrieved June 5, 2014.
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  498. ↑ Elwood Watson; Darcy Martin (21 August 2004). "There She Is, Miss America": The Politics of Sex, Beauty, and Race in America's Most Famous Pageant. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 138–. ISBN 978-1-4039-6301-7.
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  500. ↑ "Whole Earth History: 1968 to 1988". wholeearth.com. New Whole Earth LLC. Retrieved July 12, 2014. 1968: Stewart Brand initiates The Whole Earth Catalog as "a Low Maintenance, High Yield, Self Sustaining, Critical Information Service." Self-published, with no advertising, it sold 1000 copies at $5 each.
  501. ↑ Stern, Jane; Stern, Michael (December 9, 2007). "Access to Tools (Book Review: Counterculture Green)". nytimes.com. The New York Times. Retrieved March 8, 2015. Kirk's book uses the genesis and evolution of Whole Earth as an opportunity to survey the sea change in environmental and design attitudes that emerged in the 1960s counterculture but, he notes emphatically, eventually outgrew it.
  502. ↑ Richman, Joe; Diaz-Cortes, Anayansi (December 1, 2008). "Mexico's 1968 Massacre: What Really Happened? (Text, Audio, & Photo Gallery)". npr.org. Radio Diaries / All Things Considered / US National Public Radio. Retrieved March 8, 2015. Government sources originally reported that four people had been killed and 20 wounded, while eyewitnesses described the bodies of hundreds of young people being trucked away. Thousands of students were beaten and jailed, and many disappeared. Forty years later, the final death toll remains a mystery, but documents recently released by the U.S. and Mexican governments give a better picture of what may have triggered the massacre.
  503. ↑ Cosgrove, Ben; Dominis, John (October 14, 2013). "The Black Power Salute that Rocked the 1968 Olympics". life.time.com. Time, Inc. Retrieved January 1, 2015. When Olympic sprinters Tommie Smith and John Carlos stood atop the medal podium at the 1968 Summer Games in Mexico City, bowed their heads and raised black-gloved fists during the playing of the national anthem, millions of their fellow Americans were outraged. But countless millions more around the globe thrilled to the sight of two men standing before the world, unafraid, expressing disillusionment with a nation that so often fell, and still falls, so short of its promise.
  504. ↑ "Oct 18, 1968: John Lennon and Yoko Ono arrested for drug possession". history.com. A&E Television Networks. Retrieved June 10, 2014.
  505. ↑ Burley, Leo (March 9, 2008). "Jagger vs Lennon: London's riots of 1968 provided the backdrop to a rock'n'roll battle royale". independent.co.uk. The Independent (UK). Retrieved July 11, 2014. Forty years ago, the world was on the brink of revolution. But while Mick was urging insurrection on the streets of London, John was preaching peace and love. In a series of incendiary, rediscovered interviews, Jagger and Lennon reveal themselves as never before or since: battling one another for the soul of rock'n'roll
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  516. ↑ Springer, Denize (September 22, 2008). "Campus commemorates 1968 student-led strike". sfsu.edu. SF State News (University Communications). Retrieved July 11, 2014. The five-month event defined the University's core values of equity and social justice, laid the groundwork for establishment of the College of Ethnic Studies...
  517. ↑ Schevitz, Tanya (October 26, 2008). "S.F. State to mark 40th anniversary of strike". sfgate.com. San Francisco Chronicle/Hearst. Retrieved July 11, 2014. Pioneer in ethnic studies: Early in 1969, the university agreed to many of the student demands, including the establishment of the nation's first and only college of ethnic studies. The strike ended March 20.
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  523. ↑ "The Earthrise Photograph". Abc.net.au. December 24, 1968. Retrieved August 31, 2013.
  524. ↑ "Remembering Ford & Sydeman Halls - The Student Occupation of Ford Hall, January 1969". lts.brandeis.edu. Brandeis University Archives & Special Collections. Retrieved December 31, 2014. On January 8, 1969, approximately seventy African American students took control of Ford and Sydeman Halls. The students quickly presented the administration with a list of ten demands for better minority representation on campus. Although the administration did not come to an agreement on all ten demands, the students left Ford and Sydeman Halls on January 18th, eleven days after the occupation began. The administration did grant most of the students amnesty, and President Morris Abram stated that every legitimate demand would be met in good faith.
  525. ↑ Lindeman, Tracey (February 15, 2014). "A look back at Montreal's race-related 1969 Computer Riot". cbc.ca. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved December 31, 2014. Forty-five years ago this week, violent protests and a 14-day sit-in over racism at Sir George Williams University exploded, causing $2 million in damage for the school.
  526. ↑ Runtagh, Jordan (2016-01-29). "Beatles' Famous Rooftop Concert: 15 Things You Didn't Know". rollingstone.com. Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2016-10-16. George's rosewood ax, mics wrapped in pantyhose and Orson Welles' alleged son — the wild truth about the Fab Four's final show
  527. ↑ "Spectators Guide to the New Troublemakers". The Village Voice. 1969-01-16. Retrieved 2015-11-27. Advertisement for the February, 1969 edition of Esquire published in the Village Voice
  528. ↑ McCormick, Dennis; Archival Reports (1969). "Peaceful protests lead to turmoil on Madison's campus". Wisconsin State Journal. Retrieved 2016-04-14.
  529. ↑ "ACLU History". ACLU.org. American Civil Liberties Union. Retrieved April 25, 2014.
  530. ↑ Burks, John (2010-12-10). "Jim Morrison's Indecency Arrest: Rolling Stone's Original Coverage". rollingstone.com. Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2016-03-02. Jim Morrison, the Doors' cataclysmic, electroplastic lead singer, finally let it all hang out at a March 2nd concert in Miami, Florida, and in the outraged aftermath became the object of six arrest warrants, including one for a felony charge of "Lewd and lascivious behavior in public by exposing his private parts and by simulating masturbation and oral copulation." [Original article with discussion by author].
  531. ↑ Johnston, Maura (2010-12-09). "Jim Morrison Pardoned By Florida Clemency Board: Doors lead singer's indecent exposure conviction stems from 1969 incident". rollingstone.com. Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2016-10-05. On Thursday, Florida's Clemency Board pardoned the late Doors frontman Jim Morrison for two misdemeanor convictions stemming from a 1969 incident in which he allegedly exposed himself. The pardon was requested by outgoing Florida Gov. Charlie Crist and the state Clemency Board unanimously granted it. In March 1969, a bearded, drunken Morrison was performing at the Dinner Key Auditorium in Miami when, during the performance, he allegedly asked the audience, "Do you wanna see my cock?" After the audience of more than 10,000 fans responded, he pulled down his pants and briefly simulated masturbation.
  532. ↑ Graeme Thomson (11 October 2013). George Harrison: Behind The Locked Door. Music Sales Group. pp. 215–. ISBN 978-0-85712-858-4.
  533. ↑ Fawcett, Anthony (1976). "THE PEACE POLITICIAN – THE BED-INS-AMSTERDAM AND MONTREAL". imaginepeace.com. Grove Press via Imagine Peace. Retrieved July 16, 2014. From the (Anthony Fawcett) book One Day at a Time
  534. ↑ Marc Jason Gilbert (2001). The Vietnam War on Campus: Other Voices, More Distant Drums. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 121–. ISBN 978-0-275-96909-7.
  535. ↑ "This Day in History. Vietnam War:Westmoreland requests more troops". history.com. A&E Television Networks. Retrieved August 13, 2014. Gen. William Westmoreland, senior U.S. military commander in Vietnam, sends a new troop request to the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Westmoreland stated that he needed 542,588 troops for the war in Vietnam in 1967--an increase of 111,588 men to the number already serving there. In the end, President Johnson acceded to Westmoreland's wishes and dispatched the additional troops to South Vietnam, but the increases were done in an incremental fashion. The highest number of U.S. troops in South Vietnam was 543,500, which was reached in 1969.
  536. ↑ Gross, Terry (2010-10-15). "'The Uncensored Story' Of The Smothers Brothers". npr.og. National Public Radio (US). Retrieved 2016-04-14. Undeniably, CBS wanted Tom and Dick Smothers off the air because of the ideas they were espousing on their show, but eventually removed them by claiming that the brothers had violated the terms of their contract by not delivering a copy of that week's show in time. It was like the feds busting Al Capone: the crime for which he was convicted was a mere technicality, but it got Capone off the streets. In the case of CBS and the Smothers Brothers, they got them off the air. Fired, not canceled, as Tom Smothers invariably corrected people in an effort to set the record straight.
  537. ↑ "TV Ratings 1968-69". classictvhits.com. Retrieved 2016-08-13.
  538. ↑ Donovan, Lauren (2008-05-09). "40th anniversary of infamous Zip to Zap party nears". Bismarck Tribune. Retrieved 2016-10-05. Between 1,000 and 2,000 mostly college students converged on Zap, a coal mine hamlet in Mercer County. The press was there and worldwide headlines resulted when the Guard moved in and rousted the by-then sleepy kids out of town, causing thousands of other Zap-bound students to turn around.
  539. ↑ Rosen, Rebecca (2014-02-14). "Video: Ronald Reagan's Press Conference After 'Bloody Thursday': An angry governor shows no patience for his critics following a confrontation between Berkeley students and the National Guard". The Atlantic. Retrieved 2016-04-14. May of 1969 was a terrifying and unsettling time for students at the University of California, Berkeley. Activist efforts to turn an unused plot of university land into a park, "People's Park," were met with, at first, mild bureaucratic resistance, but tensions soon escalated, and, ultimately, Governor Ronald Reagan decided to break up a rally by sending in California's National Guard.
  540. ↑ Elizabeth L. Wollman (November 6, 2006). The Theater Will Rock: A History of the Rock Musical, from Hair to Hedwig. University of Michigan Press. pp. 77–. ISBN 0-472-11576-6.
  541. ↑ Lennon, John; Lennon, Yoko Ono (May 1969). "Bed Peace". imaginepeace.com. Bag Productions / Yoko Ono Lennon. Retrieved January 14, 2015. In 1969, John and I were so naïve to think that doing the Bed-In would help change the world. Well, it might have. But at the time, we didn't know. It was good that we filmed it, though. The film is powerful now. What we said then could have been said now...-Yoko Ono Lennon, 2014.(Film hosted on Youtube.)
  542. ↑ Len Sperry (31 December 2015). Mental Health and Mental Disorders: An Encyclopedia of Conditions, Treatments, and Well-Being. ABC-CLIO. pp. 416–. ISBN 978-1-4408-0383-3.
  543. ↑ "Stars, Drugs and Death: Judy Garland". cbsnews.com. CBS. Retrieved 2016-06-19. Judy Garland was found dead in London on June 22, 1969, at the age of 47. The coroner stated that the cause of death was "an incautious self-overdosage" of barbiturates. Her death certificate stated that her death had been accidental.
  544. ↑ Rimalower, Ben (2016-06-14). "Rufus Wainwright On What Makes Judy Garland a Gay Icon". Playbill. Retrieved 2016-06-19.
  545. ↑ Quijano, Elaine; Kennedy, KIm (2015-06-28). "Remembering the Stonewall riot and the start of a movement". CBS News. Retrieved 2016-04-14. Mafia-owned and illegal, the Stonewall was a speakeasy-style bar with a jukebox and a dance floor. "To get in, you had to know the secret codes which is to say 'you're a friend of Dorothy's,'" said Bockman. But in the predawn hours of June 28, 1969, the Stonewall, full to the rafters, was raided by police. But unlike previous raids, this time the crowd pushed back. A six-day riot between gays and police began.
  546. ↑ "Brian Jones: Sympathy for the Devil". rollingstone.com. Rolling Stone. August 9, 1969. Retrieved June 11, 2014.
  547. ↑ Helmut Staubmann (June 3, 2013). The Rolling Stones: Sociological Perspectives. Lexington Books. pp. 123–. ISBN 978-0-7391-7672-6.
  548. ↑ "Rolling Stones to return to Hyde Park". bbc.com. BBC. April 3, 2003. Retrieved October 22, 2014. The Rolling Stones are to perform in London's Hyde Park for the first time since a legendary free concert for an estimated 250,000 people in 1969. The outdoor gig will take place on 6 July, a week after the group's first appearance at the Glastonbury festival. The rock legends famously played in the park just two days after death of guitarist Brian Jones in July 1969.
  549. ↑ Bernstein, Adam (2010-05-30). "Dennis Hopper dies; actor, director's 'Easy Rider' became a generational marker". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2015-12-07. Dennis Hopper, 74, an actor and director whose low-budget biker movie "Easy Rider" made an unexpected fortune by exploring the late 1960s counterculture and who changed Hollywood by helping open doors to younger directors including Steven Spielberg and George Lucas, died May 29 at his home in Venice, Calif.
  550. ↑ Mathew J. Bartkowiak; Yuya Kiuchi (15 June 2015). The Music of Counterculture Cinema: A Critical Study of 1960s and 1970s Soundtracks. McFarland. pp. 71–. ISBN 978-0-7864-7542-1.
  551. ↑ Wilford, John Noble (1969). We Reach the Moon. New York: New York Times / Bantam. p. XV. ISBN 9780552082051. The Story of Man's Greatest Adventure
  552. ↑ "Charles Manson Biography: Charles Manson is an American cult leader whose followers carried out several notorious murders in the late 1960s and inspired the book Helter Skelter.". biography.com. A&E Television Networks, LLC. 2014. Retrieved June 5, 2014.
  553. ↑ Woods, William Crawford (August 8, 2013). "From the Stacks (January 4, 1975): "Demon in the Counterculture"". newrepublic.com. The New Republic. Retrieved June 5, 2014.
  554. ↑ DeCurtis, Anthony (August 1, 2009). "Peace, Love and Charlie Manson: The Anti-Woodstock?". nytimes.com. The New York Times Co. Retrieved June 5, 2014.
  555. ↑ Sheffield, Rob (2013-11-21). "Heart of Darkness: A Charles Manson Timeline The helter-skelter life of America's most infamous criminal". rollingstone.com. Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2016-05-01.
  556. ↑ Christopher Gair (2007). The American Counterculture. Edinburgh University Press. pp. 205–. ISBN 978-0-7486-1989-4.
  557. ↑ "Volunteers". 1969. Retrieved December 30, 2014.
  558. ↑ "The Dick Cavett Show". August 19, 1969. Retrieved December 30, 2014.
  559. ↑ Colapinto, John (2010-10-21). "The Twilight of Bob Guccione". rollingstone.com. Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2015-11-27.
  560. ↑ "Ho Chi Minh (1890-1969)". www.bbc.co.uk. BBC. Retrieved May 4, 2014.
  561. ↑ Elber, Lynn (2015-10-13). "H.R. Pufnstuf, surreal 1960s icon, returns to TV". AP via San Jose Mercury News. Retrieved 2015-12-24.
  562. ↑ Graham, David (2016-04-06). "Remembering Merle Haggard, Outlaw and Poet". The Atlantic Monthly Group. The Atlantic. Retrieved 2016-05-25. The song was released in 1969 and quickly became a counter-countercultural anthem—capturing backlash against hippies who were protesting the Vietnam War. The song made Haggard a darling of conservatives, and was one of several such songs hailed as anthems of the Silent Majority.
  563. 1 2 Steve Millward (28 September 2014). Different Tracks: Music and Politics in 1970. Troubador Publishing Ltd. pp. 191–. ISBN 978-1-78306-476-2.
  564. ↑ "Linkletter blames LSD for death of daughter". Associated Press. Retrieved May 23, 2014.
  565. ↑ "Photos: Days of Rage". chicagotribune.com. Chicago Tribune. 1969. Retrieved June 13, 2014.
  566. ↑ Lelyveld, Joseph (1969-10-22). "Jack Kerouac, Novelist, Dead; Father of the Beat Generation". nytimes.com. The New York Times. Retrieved 2016-05-25. Author of 'On the Road' was Hero to Youth--Rejected Middle-Class Values Jack Kerouac, the novelist who named the Beat Generation and exuberantly celebrated its rejection of middle-class American conventions, died early yesterday of massive abdominal hemorrhaging in a St. Petersburg, Fla., hospital. He was 47 years old.
  567. ↑ Savio, Jessica (April 1, 2011). "Browsing history: A heritage site is being set up in Boelter Hall 3420, the room the first Internet message originated in". dailybruin.com. The Daily Bruin. Retrieved May 1, 2014.
  568. ↑ Skarda, Erin (June 28, 2011). "Moratorium Against the Vietnam War, Nov. 15, 1969". content.time.com. Time, Inc. Retrieved July 16, 2014. In the frigid fall of 1969, more than 500,000 people marched on Washington to protest U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War. It remains the largest political rally in the nation's history.
  569. ↑ O'Rourke, Tim (2016-06-12). "Chronicle Covers: The end of the Indian occupation of Alcatraz". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved 2016-06-19. The occupation lasted 19 months, but its legacy lives on. The Chronicle’s front page from June 12, 1971, covers the federal removal of the last of the American Indians who had seized Alcatraz Island in 1969.
  570. ↑ Starr, Norton (1997). "Nonrandom Risk: The 1970 Draft Lottery". Journal of Statistics Education. v.5, n.2. Abstract: The 1970 draft lottery for birthdates is reviewed as an example of a government effort at randomization whose inadequacy can be exhibited by a wide variety of statistical approaches. Several methods of analyzing these data -- which were of life-and-death importance to those concerned -- are given explicitly and numerous others are cited. In addition, the corresponding data for 1971 and for 1972 are included, as are the alphabetic lottery data, which were used to select draftees by the first letters of their names. Questions for class discussion are provided. The article ends with a survey of primary and secondary sources in print.
  571. ↑ "CBS News Special Report". youtube.com. CBS. 1969. Retrieved 2016-02-05. Correspondent Roger Mudd reporting.
  572. ↑ Ian Inglis; Norma Coates (2006). "Chapter 6". Performance and Popular Music: History, Place and Time. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. pp. 58–. ISBN 978-0-7546-4057-8.
  573. ↑ Buckley, Jr., William F. (December 10, 1970). "Altamont was Funeral for the Woodstock Nation". news.google.com. The Milwaukee Journal. Retrieved July 3, 2014. Re: release of 'Gimme Shelter'
  574. ↑ Martin, Douglas (July 12, 2011). "Theodore Roszak, '60s Expert, Dies at 77". nytimes.com. The New York Times. Retrieved February 10, 2015. Theodore Roszak, who three weeks after the Woodstock Festival in 1969 not only published a pivotal book about a young generation's drug-fueled revolt against authority but also gave it a name — "counterculture" — died on July 5 at his home in Berkeley, Calif. He was 77.
  575. ↑ "Michael Brody Interview". nbcuniversalarchives.com. NBC Universal Media. 1970-01-15. Retrieved 2016-01-24. Michael James Brody, Jr., heir to the oleomargarine fortune and self-proclaimed savior holds a press conference at Kennedy Airport in New York. After disembarking from a plane with his wife, Michael Brody holds a press conference in the arrivals building of the airport. He says he wants to become well known to the public, because he plans to give away $50 million within the next year.
  576. ↑ "Recipes: Jelke Good Luck Margarine". Duke University. Retrieved 2016-01-24.
  577. ↑ New York Media, LLC (14 January 1991). New York Magazine. New York Media, LLC. pp. 23–. ISSN 0028-7369.
  578. ↑ Fensterstock, Alison (2014-02-07). "Set up, like a bowling pin: A look back at the Grateful Dead's 1970 New Orleans bust, 44 years later". nola.com. New Orleans Times-Picayune/NOLA Media Group. Retrieved 2016-03-01. Text reprint and tearsheet images from original story with analysis by the author.
  579. ↑ Rolling Stone Editors (1970-03-07). "New Orleans Cops & the Dead Bust: Police in the Big Easy giving bands a hard time". rollingstone.com. Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2016-03-01. In New Orleans to open up a new ballroom, locally known as "the Warehouse," most of the Dead and their road crew were nailed in a dope raid in the same French Quarters hotel where members of the Jefferson Airplane were busted just weeks before. State and federal narcs rounded up 19 people in the Dead raid, and were none too polite about it, either."
  580. ↑ "Midnight Cowboy". tcm.com. Turner Classic Movies. Retrieved July 27, 2014. 1969 was an interesting turning point in American cinema and no film better reflects that than Midnight Cowboy. Not only was it the first X-rated film to win the Best Picture Oscar but it presented a view of New York City that was the most bleak and depressing portrait since Ray Milland hit every seedy Manhattan bar in The Lost Weekend (1945).
  581. ↑ Keith M. Booker (March 17, 2011). Historical Dictionary of American Cinema. Scarecrow Press. pp. 25–. ISBN 978-0-8108-7459-6.
  582. ↑ Berman, Eliza (2015-04-22). "Meet the Organizers of the Very First Earth Day". Time, Inc. Retrieved 2016-03-26. How a troupe of twenty-somethings mobilized millions of Americans to speak out on the environment
  583. ↑ "May 4 Sequence of Events". kentwired.com. kentwired. May 4, 2010. Retrieved April 30, 2014.
  584. ↑ Bhatia, Kabir (May 3, 2013). "Dean Kahler: visitors' Center helps him move past May 4, 1970". wksu.org. WKSU Public Radio. Retrieved June 10, 2014.
  585. ↑ Clara Bingham (May 2016). Witness to the Revolution: Radicals, Resisters, Vets, Hippies, and the Year America Lost Its Mind and Found Its Soul. Random House Publishing Group. pp. 449–. ISBN 978-0-8129-9318-9.
  586. ↑ Mary Lou Sullivan; Johnny Winter (2010). Raisin' Cain: The Wild and Raucous Story of Johnny Winter. Backbeat Books. pp. 132–. ISBN 978-0-87930-973-2.
  587. ↑ Carr, Tom (2016). Blood on the Mitten (1st ed.). Chandler Lake Books / Mission Point Press. p. 47. ISBN 9781943338078.
  588. ↑ Jennings, Peter; Jarriel, Tom (May 9, 1970). "5/9/1970: Nationwide Student Strike". abcnews.go.com. ABC News Internet Ventures. Retrieved September 26, 2014. Students gather to protest the invasion of Cambodia and the Kent State massacre. (Archival footage including speeches by Benjamin Spock, Jane Fonda, and Ron Young).
  589. ↑ McNichol, Tom (November 14, 2011). "I Am Not a Kook: Richard Nixon's Bizarre Visit to the Lincoln Memorial". theatlantic.com. The Atlantic Monthly Group. Retrieved June 5, 2014.
  590. ↑ Suarez, Ray (November 25, 2011). "New Nixon Tapes Reveal Details of Meeting With Anti-War Activists (Text & Video)". pbs.org. PBS Newshour. Retrieved June 5, 2014.
  591. ↑ Getlen, Larry (August 31, 2014). "How Dock Ellis Dropped Acid and Threw a Ho-Hitter". nypost.com. The New York Post. Retrieved September 4, 2014. Later in life, Ellis, who ultimately got straight and became a drug counselor, expressed shame about what he had done. While the LSD no-hitter kept him in the public eye, he came to see it not as a point of pride, but as a sign that his drug use might have robbed him of his greatest professional memory.
  592. ↑ Witz, Billy (September 4, 2010). "For Ellis, a Long, Strange Trip to a No-Hitter". nytimes.com. The New York Times. Retrieved September 21, 2014. But it was Ellis's claim, after he retired, that he threw his no-hitter while under the influence of LSD that cemented his standing as an icon of the sport's counterculture era, making him an intriguing figure to artists, musicians, filmmakers and journalists — even after his death.
  593. ↑ Michael Howard Holzman (2008). James Jesus Angleton, the CIA, and the Craft of Counterintelligence. University of Massachusetts Press. pp. 273–. ISBN 1-55849-650-5.
  594. ↑ Loch K. Johnson (1989). America's Secret Power. Oxford University Press. pp. 155–. ISBN 978-0-19-536153-7.
  595. ↑ HEARINGS BEFORE THE SELECT COMMITTEE TO STUDY GOVERNMENTAL OPERATIONS WITH RESPECT TO INTELLIGENCE ACTIVITIES OF THE UNITED STATES SENATE NINETY-FOURTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION - VOLUME 2 - HUSTON PLAN (PDF). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Senate. September 23–25, 1975.
  596. ↑ "Sterling Hall bombing: Seven men linked by a moment in history". Madison.com. Wisconsin State Journal. August 17, 2010. Retrieved June 10, 2014.
  597. ↑ Breasted, Mary; Ortega, Tony (September 30, 1970). "Women on the March: 'We're a Movement Now!'-1970: The Women's National Strike for Equality". villagevoice.com. The Village Voice. Retrieved July 3, 2014.
  598. ↑ Eder, Bruce. "Jesus Christ Superstar". allmusic.com. AllMusic, a division of All Media Network, LLC. Retrieved June 10, 2014.
  599. ↑ Nick Talevski (7 April 2010). Rock Obituaries - Knocking On Heaven's Door. Omnibus Press. pp. 272–. ISBN 978-0-85712-117-2.
  600. ↑ Christine Wallace (July 1, 2013). Germaine Greer: Untamed Shrew. Pan Macmillan Australia. pp. 184–. ISBN 978-1-74334-189-6.
  601. ↑ "Trudeau Reflects On Four Decades Of 'Doonesbury'". npr.org. NPR Morning Edition. October 26, 2010. Retrieved June 2, 2014.
  602. ↑ Carlson, Peter. "When Elvis Met Nixon". smithsonianmag.com. Smithsonian.com. Retrieved July 27, 2014. From the Archives: A bizarre encounter between the president and the king of rock and roll
  603. ↑ File:Elvis-nixon.jpg
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  605. ↑ Dan Berger (2006). Outlaws of America: The Weather Underground and the Politics of Solidarity. AK Press. pp. 88–. ISBN 978-1-904859-41-3.
  606. ↑ Jordan Goodman (2005). Tobacco in History and Culture: An Encyclopedia. Granite Hill Publishers. pp. 676–. ISBN 978-0-684-31453-2.
  607. ↑ Ray Broadus Browne; Pat Browne (2001). The Guide to United States Popular Culture. Popular Press. pp. 744–. ISBN 978-0-87972-821-2.
  608. ↑ Gardella, Kay (January 11, 2015). "'All in the Family' introduces the world to foul-mouthed Archie Bunker in 1971". nydailynews.com. New York Daily News. Retrieved January 13, 2015. [Archived/Reprinted.Originally published by the Daily News on Jan. 13, 1971] CBS Gambles on Reality with New Comedy Series
  609. ↑ Silver, Michael (November 19, 2003). "Where Were You on March 8, 1971?". espn.go.com. ESPN Classic. Retrieved June 27, 2014. The country was split between those supporting our efforts in Vietnam and those opposed to the war. Hawks, doves, hard hats, flower children, black power, Woodstock, Kent State and the silent majority were bywords for the most divisive American decade since the American Civil War some 100 years earlier.
  610. ↑ Fitzpatrick, Frank (April 14, 2014). "When politics enter the playing field". philly.com. The Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved June 27, 2014. People forget the intensity of opposing passions in 1971. No one was neutral. Friends and families were bitterly divided. If you supported the Vietnam War, you supported Frazier. And if you opposed it, you were in the corner of Ali, who had forfeited his title for refusing military induction in 1967.
  611. ↑ Cosgrove, Ben; Shearer, John. "Ali, Frazier and the 'Fight of the Century': A Photographer Remembers (w/text)". life.time.com. Time, Inc. Retrieved June 27, 2014. Long before the first bell of their March 1971 fight sounded, the contest was billed as "The Fight of the Century" and, amazingly, it lived up to the hype. That night, a star-studded crowd watched two of the greatest fighters who ever lived battle for supremacy in the world's premier sports arena.
  612. ↑ "1971: Row rocks Rolling Stone wedding". news.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 2016-06-07. Mick Jagger and his Nicaraguan-born wife-to-be eventually arrived at 1700. Police and journalists exchanged blows in the frenzy. Hippies turned up on foot and bicycles, mingling with members of the international jet set, who arrived in Rolls Royces for the wedding.
  613. ↑ "Mick Jagger Rocks His Own Wedding Reception in St. Tropez - The Stones frontman weds Bianca". rollingstone.com. Rolling Stone. 1971-06-10. Retrieved 2016-06-09.
  614. ↑ Getlen, Larry (2016-06-11). "Mick Jagger's 1971 wedding was 'skin-crawlingly embarrassing'". The New York Post. Retrieved 2016-06-11. The year 1971 had already been a hectic one for the Rolling Stones. In March, at lead singer Mick Jagger’s urging, they became the first rock band to declare themselves tax exiles from the UK, relocating to France in order to escape England’s high tax rates on the wealthy...The high-class wedding, writes journalist David Hepworth, “marked the establishment of rock and roll as a viable branch of high society.”
  615. ↑ Christopher Gair (2007). The American Counterculture. Edinburgh University Press. pp. 165–. ISBN 978-0-7486-1989-4.
  616. ↑ Bergeron, Ryan (2015-06-24). "5 songs you didn't know were about the Vietnam War". CNN. Retrieved 2015-11-21.
  617. ↑ Sheehan, Neil; Smith, Hedrick; Kenworthy, E.W.; Butterfield, Fox (1971). The Pentagon Papers. New York: New York Times/Bantam. The Secret History of the Vietnam War. The Complete and Unabridged Series as Published in the New York Times. With key documents and 64 page of photographs
  618. ↑ James Riordan; Jerry Prochnicky (30 October 1992). Break on Through: The Life and Death of Jim Morrison. HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-688-11915-7.
  619. ↑ Andrew J. Rausch (25 February 2008). Fifty Filmmakers: Conversations with Directors from Roger Avary to Steven Zaillian. McFarland. pp. 96–. ISBN 978-0-7864-8409-6.
  620. ↑ Mitchell K. Hall (September 29, 2005). Crossroads: American Popular Culture and the Vietnam Generation. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. pp. 166–. ISBN 978-0-7425-7586-8.
  621. ↑ Gina Misiroglu (26 March 2015). American Countercultures: An Encyclopedia of Nonconformists, Alternative Lifestyles, and Radical Ideas in U.S. History. Routledge. pp. 136–. ISBN 978-1-317-47729-7.
  622. ↑ Krogh, Egil (June 30, 2007). "The Break-In That History Forgot". nytimes.com. The New York Times. Retrieved July 28, 2014. The premise of our action was the strongly held view within certain precincts of the White House that the president and those functioning on his behalf could carry out illegal acts with impunity if they were convinced that the nation's security demanded it. As President Nixon himself said to David Frost during an interview six years later, "When the president does it, that means it is not illegal." To this day the implications of this statement are staggering.
  623. ↑ Berman, Eliza (2015-09-09). "The Only Photographer Allowed at the Attica Prison Riot Remembers Four Days of Chaos". time.com. Time Inc. Retrieved 2016-05-08. When the dust settled, 39 people were dead—29 inmates and 10 corrections employees—with more of the wounded to die in the coming days. It was the bloodiest one-day encounter between Americans since the days of the Civil War.
  624. ↑ Robert Hunter (2004). The Greenpeace to Amchitka: An Environmental Odyssey. arsenal pulp press. ISBN 978-1-55152-178-7.
  625. ↑ Montgomery, Marc (2015-09-16). "History: Sept 15, 1971, the Canadian origins of Greenpeace". rcinet.ca. Radio Canada International. Retrieved 2016-06-24. While Greenpeace had started as an anti-nuclear peace organization, it began to concentrate more on environmental issues when joined by two New Zealand scientists in 1975 who were strongly against whaling due to an incident they had witnessed years earlier in British Columbia. They had studied communications between whales trapped by fishermen and those which had managed to stay free.
  626. ↑ "Est History Is Short but Successful". latimes.com. Los Angeles Times. April 27, 1986. Retrieved May 23, 2014.
  627. ↑ Landau, Jon (1971-11-25). "Bandleader Duane Allman Dies in Bike Crash". rollingstone.com. Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2016-03-19. Duane Allman, the leader and driving force behind the Allman Brothers Band, died Friday, October 29th, from massive injuries received in a motorcycle crash in Macon, Georgia. He was 24. He and the rest of the band had currently been in the middle of their first real vacation in more than two years.
  628. ↑ Canby, Vincent (1971-11-11). "Movie Review - Film: Frank Zappa's Surrealist '200 Motels'". The New York Times. Retrieved 2016-06-27. The title is, perhaps, the best thing about the film that opened yesterday at the Plaza Theater. It cheerily evokes the image of groupies, warm beer, cheeseburgers, overflowing ash trays, efficient plumbing and inefficient air-conditioning, which freezes the air without cleaning it, in an endless chain of identical bed-sitters that are the homes-away-from-home for the members of a touring rock group.
  629. ↑ Koenig, Rhoda (2007-01-08). "Edie Sedgwick: The life and death of the Sixties star". The Independent. Retrieved 2016-06-20. Rich, gorgeous and well-connected, Edie Sedgwick was the party girl who lit up Andy Warhol's golden circle. As her life story comes to the screen, Rhoda Koenig unravels a very Sixties tragedy
  630. ↑ Dave Thompson (2004). Smoke on the Water: The Deep Purple Story. ECW Press. pp. 128–. ISBN 978-1-55022-618-8.
  631. ↑ Kenyon, Peter (2015-03-08). "A Swiss Town, A Casino Fire And 'Smoke On The Water'". npr.org. National Public Radio (US). Retrieved 2016-06-12. But for rockers of a certain age, Montreux will always be best known for its rich musical history — including the roaring casino fire that inspired the English rock band Deep Purple's classic "Smoke on the Water." The story goes that on Dec. 4, 1971, Frank Zappa and the Mothers of Invention were playing a gig at the Montreux casino. The band was nearly 90 minutes into the show, cranking through "King Kong," when someone in the crowd fired a flare gun at the wooden roof, which instantly caught fire.
  632. ↑ Barnes, Ellen (2010-07-16). "'I Was There': Claude Nobs's True Story Behind 'Smoke on the Water'". gibson.com. Gibson Guitars. Retrieved 2016-06-12.
  633. ↑ Futter, Isobel (2015-04-15). "For 44th year, marijuana advocates assemble in Ann Arbor". The Michigan Daily. Retrieved 2015-11-13.
  634. ↑ Lattin, Don (2003-03-02). "Twilight of hippiedom / Farm commune's founder envisions return to the fold as ex-dropouts age". The San Francisco Chronicle / Hearst. Retrieved 2016-06-14.
  635. ↑ Alinsky, Saul D. (1971). Rules for Radicals (A Pragmatic Primer for Realistic Radicals) (Vintage Books Edition, March 1972 ed.). New York: Random House/Vintage. ISBN 0-394-71736-8.
  636. ↑ "OBOS Timeline: 1969-Present". ourbodiesourselves.org. Our Bodies Ourselves. Retrieved June 20, 2014.
  637. ↑ "Readers Poll: The Best Neil Young Songs". rollingstone.com. Rolling Stone. 2011-06-08. Retrieved 2015-11-13.
  638. ↑ Miles, Kathleen (2014-02-14). "These Charts Show Just How Bad America's Heroin Problem Has Become". Huffington Post. Retrieved 2015-11-13.
  639. ↑ Jon Wiener (December 22, 1999). Gimme Some Truth: The John Lennon FBI Files. University of California Press. pp. 24–. ISBN 978-0-520-92454-3.
  640. ↑ Getlen, Larry (2016-09-03). "Inside the US government's secret war against John Lennon". The New York Post. Retrieved 2016-09-03. Wildes’ book tells the story of the Nixon administration’s battle to deport Lennon, ostensibly for a prior conviction in the UK for hashish possession. The real reason? The government feared that Lennon’s outspoken stance against the Vietnam War and other political beliefs threatened to influence the country’s 18-to-20-year-olds in the 1972 election, just as the national voting age had been lowered.
  641. ↑ Pincus, Allison (2007-04-03). "The first 'High Noon' march". The Michigan Daily. Retrieved 2016-06-20. he first Hash Bash was held as a celebration after the success of the "Free John Now" campaign that arouse in response to the incarceration of political activist and Ann Arbor local, John Sinclair. Sinclair was arrested and sentenced to 10 years in prison for the possession of two marijuana joints in July 1969.
  642. ↑ Gentry, Curt (1991). J. Edgar Hoover: The Man and the Secrets (First Plume, 1992-09 ed.). New York: Norton/Penguin/Plume. p. 33. ISBN 0-452-26904-0.
  643. ↑ Leonard, Kevin (2015-07-09). "Police investigation reveals details of Wallace assassination attempt". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved 2016-06-14. On that day in Laurel, Wallace, then a Democratic governor from Alabama whose views on race and segregation were becoming more out of place in 1972 America, had just finished his campaign speech when he stepped toward the crowd and was shot by Bremer. Wallace was paralyzed in the shooting and three others were also injured.
  644. ↑ File:Hanoi Jane.jpg
  645. ↑ Nguyen Anh Tuan (December 23, 2008). America Coming to Terms: The Vietnam Legacy. Xlibris Corporation. pp. 657–. ISBN 978-1-4628-1270-7.
  646. ↑ Jones, Paige (January 17, 2015). "Jane Fonda met with protest in Frederick; hopes for open dialogue with Vietnam-era veterans". fredericknewspost.com. Frederick News-Post. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
  647. ↑ Henry Kissinger (February 11, 2003). Ending the Vietnam War: A History of America's Involvement in and Extrication from the Vietnam War. Simon and Schuster. pp. 591–. ISBN 978-0-7432-4577-7.
  648. ↑ Edward W. Knappman, ed. South Vietnam: Volume 7, US-Communist Confrontation in Southeast Asia 1972–1973. p. 226.
  649. ↑ Beschloss, Michael (2012-12-04). "In His Final Days, LBJ Agonized Over His Legacy". pbs.org/newshour. NewsHour Productions LLC. Retrieved 2016-06-24. Johnson was napping in his ranch bedroom when he suffered his last massive coronary, called his beloved Secret Service agent Mike Howard and fell to the floor, almost instantly dead. It was exactly two days after the presidential term he would have served, had he run again in 1968, and almost the same moment that his successor, Richard Nixon, declared a peace in Vietnam that had eluded LBJ and would not last.
  650. ↑ McBride, Alex (December 2006). "Roe v. Wade (1973)". pbs.org. Educational Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved January 14, 2015.
  651. ↑ Donald E. Lively; Russell L. Weaver (January 1, 2006). Contemporary Supreme Court Cases: Landmark Decisions Since Roe V. Wade. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-313-33514-3.
  652. ↑ "On This Day: Paris Peace Accords Signed, Ending American Involvement in Vietnam War". Finding Dulcinea. Jan 27, 2012. Retrieved February 9, 2015.
  653. ↑ "May 8, 1973: Standoff at Wounded Knee Comes to an End". The Learning Network. May 8, 2012. Retrieved February 9, 2015.
  654. ↑ Sprovtsoff, Rachel. "Ron "Pigepen" McKernan - Artist Biography". allmusic.com. AllMusic. Retrieved May 2, 2014.
  655. ↑ "Created - DEA" (PDF). July 1, 1973.
  656. ↑ "John Paul Getty III: John Paul Getty III, who died on Saturday aged 54, was once the favourite grandson of the world's richest man but, cursed by the trappings of fabulous wealth, never found health nor happiness.". Telegraph Media Group Limited. 2011-02-07. Retrieved 2016-06-25. As a tall, freckle-faced youth of 16, he was kidnapped by a gang of Italian petty criminals who blindfolded him and chained him to a stake for five months. Eventually they cut off his right ear as evidence of their willingness to kill him unless a ransom was paid.
  657. ↑ Michael J. Fitzgerald (Aug 4, 2013). "Watkins Glen Summer Jam rock concert drew 600,000 in 1973". Democrat and Chronicle. Retrieved February 9, 2015.
  658. ↑ Ingrid Croce; Jimmy Rock (May 2015). I Got a Name: The Jim Croce Story. DA CAPO Press. ISBN 978-0-306-82178-3.
  659. ↑ Schwartz, Larry. "Billie Jean won for all women". espn.com. ESPN. Retrieved 2016-08-25. The "Battle of the Sexes" captured the imagination of the country, not just tennis enthusiasts. On Sept. 20, 1973 in Houston, she was carried out on the Astrodome court like Cleopatra, in a gold litter held aloft by four muscular men dressed as ancient slaves. Riggs was wheeled in on a rickshaw pulled by sexy models in tight outfits, "Bobby's Bosom Buddies."
  660. ↑ Costas, Bob. "Unforgettable Sports Moments: The Battle of the Sexes". youtube.com. Retrieved 2016-08-25.
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  662. ↑ "Greece Marks '73 Student Uprising". Athens News. Athens, Greece. November 17, 1999. Archived from the original on June 17, 2008. Retrieved April 23, 2014. The Polytechnic Uprising, as it has come to be known, dealt a blow to the self-confidence of the junta leaders and led directly to the toppling of the dictator and chief putschist of the April 21, 1967, coup d'etat that brought the junta to power, Colonel George Papadopoulos.
  663. ↑ Kilpatrick, Carroll (November 18, 1973). "Nixon Tells Editors, 'I'm Not a Crook'". washingtonpost.com. The Washington Post Co. Retrieved June 12, 2014.
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  665. ↑ Andy Pearson (March 5, 2004). "1974: University 'Cracks' Streaking Record". Red & Black. Retrieved February 8, 2015.
  666. ↑ John Shearer (April 7, 2014). "The Memorable Streaking Craze Of The 70s". The Chattanoogan. Retrieved February 8, 2015.
  667. ↑ "Five Slain in Raid on S.L.A". The Chicago Tribune. 1974-05-18. Retrieved 2016-06-16.
  668. ↑ "Mama Cass". biography.com. A&E Networks. 2014. Retrieved May 28, 2014.
  669. ↑ Micky Dolenz; Mark Bego (2004). I'm a Believer: My Life of Monkees, Music, and Madness. Cooper Square Press. pp. 181–. ISBN 978-0-8154-1284-7.
  670. ↑ Hunter, Marjorie (September 17, 1974). "Ford Offers Amnesty Program Requiring 2 Years Public Work; Defends His Pardon Of Nixon". nytimes.com. The New York Times Co. Retrieved May 21, 2014.
  671. ↑ File:George Harrison 1974 edited.jpg
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  673. ↑ "Huge C.I.A. Operation Reported in U.S. Against Antiwar Forces, Other Dissidents in Nixon Years". Muckraker Farm. Dec 21, 1974. Retrieved February 8, 2015.
  674. ↑ "January 27, 1975 Church Committee Created". senate.gov. US Senate. Retrieved April 25, 2014.
  675. ↑ "Operation Frequent Wind: April 29-30, 1975". usni.org. U.S. Naval Institute. April 29, 2010. Retrieved March 2, 2015. For 125,000 Vietnamese-Americans and their descendants, April 30, 1975 marks the day their lives changed forever. On that date, Saigon fell to the forces of North Vietnam and thousands of "at risk" Vietnamese joined the dwindling number of Americans still left in Vietnam to be evacuated by Operation Frequent Wind a massive assembly of aircraft and ships that became the largest helicopter evacuation in history. With the fall of Saigon imminent, the United States Navy formed Task Force 76 off the coast of South Vietnam in anticipation of removing those "at risk" Vietnamese who had ardently supported our efforts to stop the Communist takeover of South Vietnam.
  676. ↑ Lee, Vic (January 2, 2007). "Interview: Woman Who Tried To Assassinate Ford". San Francisco: KGO-TV. Retrieved January 3, 2007.
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  678. ↑ "Patti's Twisted Journey". Time. September 29, 1975.
  679. ↑ "New York Judge Reverses John Lennon's Deportation order". History Channel/A&E Networks.
  680. ↑ Zoglin, Richard (June 23, 2008). "How George Carlin Changed Comedy". content.time.com. Time, Inc. Retrieved February 25, 2015. When NBC introduced a new late-night comedy show in 1975 called Saturday Night Live, Carlin was the comedian they turned to as the first guest host.
  681. ↑ Ulster, Laurie (February 13, 2015). "Live from New York – 40 Years Ago – It's Saturday Night!". biography.com. A&E Television Networks. Retrieved February 25, 2015. But to really understand the beginnings of what is now Saturday Night Live, you first have to forget what it has become. Now it's an institution. Back in 1975, it was pure counterculture. There had been nothing like it before, not really, and Lorne Michaels had to do battle with conventional network thinking to make it what he knew it had to be: a show full of amateurs doing comedy for people the TV industry didn't yet understand.
  682. ↑ Doug Hill; Jeff Weingrad (15 December 2011). Saturday Night: A Backstage History of Saturday Night Live. Untreed Reads. pp. 132–. ISBN 978-1-61187-218-7.
  683. ↑ Glass, Andrew (January 21, 2008). "Carter pardons draft dodgers Jan. 21, 1977". politico.com. The Politico/Allbritton Communications Company. Retrieved May 21, 2014.
  684. ↑ Wattenberg, Ben; Wattenberg, Daniel (August 19, 1997). "The Social Revolutionary who Rejected his Progeny". baltimoresun.com. The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved September 4, 2014. More than any other man, Elvis Presley has been assigned ultimate paternity for the children of the '60s. He introduced the beat to everything and changed everything -- music, language, clothes; it's a whole new social revolution -- the '60s come from it, said composer Leonard Bernstein. Before Elvis, there was nothing, the decade's most representative child, John Lennon, once said. But Elvis repudiated his progeny. Religious, anti-communist, unconflicted capitalist to the end, he neither aligned himself with the Woodstock generation's politics nor joined their countercultural party.
  685. ↑ Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. (October 1, 2008). Britannica Guide to 100 Most Influential Americans. Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. pp. 435–. ISBN 978-1-59339-857-6.
  686. ↑ "John Lennon Biography". rollingstone.com. Rolling Stone. Retrieved August 11, 2014. But on December 8, 1980, Lennon, returning with Ono to their Dakota apartment on New York City's Upper West Side, was shot seven times by a 25-year-old drifter and Beatles fan to whom Lennon had given an autograph a few hours earlier. Lennon was pronounced dead on arrival at Roosevelt Hospital. On December 14, at Ono's request, a 10-minute silent vigil was held at 2 p.m. EST in which millions around the world participated.

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