Kantarō Suzuki

Kantarō Suzuki
鈴木 貫太郎
42nd Prime Minister of Japan
In office 7 April 1945 – 17 August 1945
Monarch	Shōwa
Preceded by	Kuniaki Koiso
Succeeded by	Naruhiko Higashikuni
Personal details
Born	18 January 1868 Kuze, Izumi, Japan
Died	17 April 1948 (aged 80) Noda, Chiba, Japan
Political party	Imperial Rule Assistance Association (1940–1945)
Other political affiliations	Independent (Before 1940 and after 1945)
Alma mater	Imperial Japanese Naval Academy
Profession	Admiral, politician
Awards	Order of the Golden Kite (3rd class)
Signature
Military service
Allegiance	Empire of Japan
Service/branch	Imperial Japanese Navy
Years of service	1884–1929
Rank	Admiral
Commands	Akashi, Soya, Shikishima, Tsukuba Maizuru Naval District, IJN 2nd Fleet, IJN 3rd Fleet, Kure Naval District, Combined Fleet
Battles/wars	First Sino-Japanese War Battle of Weihaiwei Russo-Japanese War Battle of Port Arthur Battle of Tsushima World War I World War II

Baron Kantarō Suzuki (鈴木 貫太郎, 18 January 1868 – 17 April 1948^[1]) was an admiral in the Imperial Japanese Navy, member and final leader of the Imperial Rule Assistance Association and 42nd Prime Minister of Japan from 7 April to 17 August 1945.

Biography

Early life

Suzuki was born in Kuze village, Izumi Province (modern Sakai, Osaka Prefecture) to a samurai magistrate of the Sekiyado Domain. He grew up in the city of Noda, Kazusa Province (present day Chiba Prefecture).

Naval career

Suzuki entered the 14th class of the Imperial Japanese Naval Academy in 1884, graduating 13th of 45 cadets in 1888. Suzuki served on the corvettes Tsukuba, Tenryū and cruiser Takachiho as a midshipman. On being commissioned as ensign, he served on the corvette Amagi, corvette Takao, corvette Jingei, ironclad Kongō, and gunboat Maya. After his promotion to lieutenant on 21 December 1892, he served as chief navigator on the corvettes Kaimon, Hiei, and Kongō.^[1]

Suzuki served in the First Sino-Japanese War, commanding a torpedo boat and participated in night torpedo assault in the Battle of Weihaiwei. Afterwards, he was promoted to lieutenant commander on 28 June 1898 after graduation from the Naval Staff College and assigned to a number of staff positions including that of naval attaché to Germany from 1901 to 1903.^[1] On his return, he was promoted to commander on 26 September 1903. He came to be known as the leading torpedo warfare expert in the Imperial Japanese Navy.^[2]

During the Russo-Japanese War, Suzuki commanded Destroyer Division 2 in 1904, which picked up survivors of the Port Arthur Blockade Squadron during the Battle of Port Arthur. He was appointed executive officer of the cruiser Kasuga on 26 February 1904, aboard which he participated in the Battle of the Yellow Sea. During the pivotal Battle of Tsushima, Suzuki was commander of Destroyer Division 4 under the IJN 2nd Fleet, which assisted in sinking the Russian battleship Navarin.^[2]

After the war, Suzuki was promoted to captain on 28 September 1907 and commanded the destroyer Akashi (1908), followed by the cruiser Soya (1909), battleship Shikishima (1911) and cruiser Tsukuba (1912). Promoted to rear admiral on 23 May 1913 and assigned to command the Maizuru Naval District. Suzuki became Vice Minister of the Navy from 1914 to 1917, during World War I.^[2] Promoted to vice admiral on 1 June 1917,^[1] he brought the cruisers Asama and Iwate to San Francisco in early 1918 with 1,000 cadets, and was received by U.S. Navy Rear Admiral William Fullam. The Japanese cruisers then proceeded to South America. After stints as Commandant of the Imperial Japanese Naval Academy, Commander of the IJN 2nd Fleet, then the IJN 3rd Fleet, then Kure Naval District, he became a full admiral on 3 August 1923. Suzuki became Commander in Chief of Combined Fleet in 1924.^[1] After serving as Chief of Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff from 15 April 1925 to 22 January 1929, he retired and accepted the position as Privy Councillor and Grand Chamberlain from 1929 to 1936.

Suzuki narrowly escaped assassination in the February 26 Incident in 1936; the would-be assassin's bullet remained inside Suzuki for the rest of his life, and was only revealed upon his cremation. Suzuki was opposed to Japan's war with the United States, before and throughout World War II.

Prime Minister

During his term as naval minister.

On 7 April 1945, following the Battle of Okinawa, Prime Minister Kuniaki Koiso resigned and Suzuki was appointed to take his place at the age of seventy-seven. He simultaneously held the portfolios for Minister for Foreign Affairs and for Greater East Asia.

Prime Minister Suzuki contributed to the final peace negotiations with the Allied Powers in World War II. He was involved in calling two unprecedented imperial conferences which helped resolve the split within the Japanese Imperial Cabinet over the Potsdam Declaration. He outlined the terms to Emperor Hirohito who had already agreed to accept unconditional surrender. This went strongly against the military faction of the cabinet, who desired to continue the war in hopes of negotiating a more favorable peace agreement. Part of this faction attempted to assassinate Suzuki twice in the Kyūjō Incident on the morning of 15 August 1945.

After the surrender of Japan became public, Suzuki resigned and Prince Higashikuni became next prime minister. Suzuki was the Chairman of the Privy Council from 7 August 1944 to 7 June 1945 and again after the surrender of Japan from 15 December 1945 to 13 June 1946.

Suzuki died of natural causes. His grave is in his home town of Noda, Chiba. One of his two sons became director of Japan's immigration service, while the other was a successful lawyer.

Honours

• Grand Cordon of the Order of the Paulownia Flowers (April 29, 1934)
• Junior First Rank (August 15, 1960)

Notes

1. Nishida, People of the Imperial Japanese Navy.
2. Kowner, Historical Dictionary of the Russo-Japanese War, p. 363–365.

References

• Frank, Richard (2001). Downfall: The End of the Imperial Japanese Empire. ISBN 0-14-100146-1: Penguin.
• Gilbert, Martin (2004). The Second World War: A Complete History. ISBN 0-8050-7623-9: Holt.
• Keegan, John (2005). The Second World War. ISBN 0-14-303573-8: Penguin.
• Kowner, Rotem (2006). Historical Dictionary of the Russo-Japanese War. ISBN 0-8108-4927-5: The Scarecrow Press.

External links

• Annotated bibliography for Suzuki Kantarō from the Alsos Digital Library for Nuclear Issues
• Nishida, Hiroshi. "Imperial Japanese Navy". Retrieved 2007-08-25.
• Suzuki Kantarō and Pacific War at 1945(Japanese)