Timeline of Belgian history

Part of a series on the
History of Belgium
Timeline
Belgium portal

This is a timeline of Belgian history, including important legal and territorial changes and political events in Belgium and its predecessor states. To read about the background to these events, see History of Belgium. See also the list of Belgian monarchs.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.
Millennia: 1st BC · 1st · 2nd · 3rd · See also · References · Further reading

1st century BC

Year Date Event
57 BC Roman General Julius Caesar invades and conquers the lands of the Belgae: Battle of the Sabis.
54–53 BC Revolt of the Eburones under Ambiorix and Cativolcus.
22 BC Romans create the province Gallia Belgica.

Centuries: 1st · 2nd · 3rd · 4th · 5th · 6th · 7th · 8th · 9th · 10th · 11th · 12th · 13th · 14th · 15th · 16th · 17th · 18th · 19th · 20th

1st century

Year Date Event
c.90 Domitian restructures provinces of the Roman Empire: Gallia Belgica divided into the provinces of Belgica Prima, Belgica Secunda, Germania Superior and Germania Inferior.

2nd century

Year Date Event
172–174 Chauci launch maritime raids on the coasts of Gallia Belgica.[1]

3rd century

Year Date Event
286 Carausius, a Menapian general in the Roman army, declares himself emperor of Britain and Gaul.[2]
293 Death of Carausius

4th century

Year Date Event
343 Servatius, bishop of Tongeren, attends the Council of Sardica.
357 Land south of the Rhine delta ceded to Frankish foederati
359 Servatius, bishop of Tongeren, attends the Council of Ariminum.[3]

5th century

Year Date Event
431 Salian Franks take possession of Tournai.[4]
482 Childeric I buried in Tournai.

6th century

Year Date Event
561 Sigebert I inherits the Frankish kingdom of Austrasia.

7th century

Year Date Event
659 17 March Death of Gertrude of Nivelles
675 Death of Amandus
693 17 December Death of Begga of Andenne

8th century

Year Date Event
705 Death of Lambert of Maastricht: murdered at a site that would become Liège.[5]
717 See of Maastricht moved to the location of Lambert of Maastricht's murder, now Liège.
727 30 May Death of Hubertus, Bishop of Liège.[6]

9th century

Year Date Event
819 13 April Louis the Pious confirms the liberties granted to St Bavo's Abbey by Charlemagne (oldest extant original charter in a Belgian archive)[7]
820 First recorded Viking raid on the Flemish coast.[8]
843 August Treaty of Verdun divides the Carolingian Empire between the three sons of Louis the Pious: Lothair I, Louis the German and Charles the Bald, creating the kingdom of Middle Francia (including most of the Low Countries) for Lothair and assigning Flanders to Charles the Bald.
850 Norsemen raid Flanders.[9]
855 Treaty of Prüm divides Middle Francia into the kingdom of Lotharingia (including most of the Low Countries), the kingdom of Arles and the kingdom of Italy.
861 Norsemen raid Flanders.[10]
864 Norsemen raid Flanders.[11]
870 Treaty of Meerssen partitions Lotharingia (including most of the Low Countries) between East Francia (Germany) and West Francia (France).
879 Norsemen raid Taxandria.[12]
880 Norsemen raid Tournaisis.[13]
881 Norsemen plunder Cambrai and encamp near Maastricht, extorting tribute from Maastricht, Tongeren, Liège, Sint-Truiden, Malmedy, Stavelot, and Prüm.[14]
891 September or October Norse invaders defeated in Battle on the Dijle.[15]
895 Holy Roman Emperor Arnulf of Carinthia appoints his illegitimate son Zwentibold as king of Lotharingia.[16]
900 13 August Zwentibold slain by Count Reginar I of Hainault; Lotharingia reincorporated into East Francia.

10th century

Year Date Event
908 Bishop of Liège granted right to levy a toll in Maastricht.[17]
910 Count Reginar I of Hainault appointed margrave of Lotharingia; historically regarded as the first Duke of Lorraine.
915 Death of Reginar, Duke of Lorraine, at his palace in Meerssen; succeeded by his son Giselbert.[18]
918 10 September Death of Baldwin II, Margrave of Flanders at Blandijnberg; succeeded by his son Arnulf.
925 Henry the Fowler invades Lotharingia and receives oaths of loyalty from the local aristocracy.[19]
936 7 August Gilbert, Duke of Lorraine, attends the coronation of Otto I in Aachen.[20]
939 2 October Battle of Andernach: death of Gilbert, Duke of Lorraine; end of independence of Lotharingia (referred to as "Belgica" in the 10th-century histories of Richer of Rheims).[21][22]
around 940 Saint-Ghislain Abbey reformed by Gérard of Brogne
948 Death of Isaac, Count of Cambrai; powers of count transferred to Fulbert, Bishop of Cambrai.[23]
953 Bruno the Great, Archbishop of Cologne, appointed Duke of Lotharingia.[24]
954 Hungarian attackers raid Lower Lotharingia, besiege Cambrai.[25]
959 Bruno the Great divides Lotharingia into Upper Lotharingia (the later Duchy of Lorraine) and Lower Lotharingia (the later Duchy of Lothier).[26]
964 Godfrey I, Duke of Lower Lorraine, dies in Italy; no immediate successor.
965 28 March Death of Arnulf I, Count of Flanders; succession of Arnulf II, Count of Flanders
2 June Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor, confirms Godfrey of Lower Lotharingia's gift to Saint-Ghislain Abbey of 18 mansi of land in Villers-Saint-Ghislain.[27]
11 October Death of Bruno the Great, Duke of Lotharingia.
966 5 May Lothar, King of the Franks, confirms the possessions of St. Peter's Abbey, Ghent, including those bequeathed by Arnulf I, Count of Flanders, and contested by his heirs.[28]
968 Richar, Count of Mons, appointed Duke of Lower Lotharingia.
973 Richar, Duke of Lower Lotharingia, dies; no immediate successor.
977 Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor, appoints Charles, brother of Lothair of France, as Duke of Lower Lotharingia.[29]
980 Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor, confirms all previous endowments to Notker, Bishop of Liège, and issues a general immunity for the bishopric's lands: beginning of the establishment of the Prince-Bishopric of Liège.[30]
985 Otto III, King of Germany, endows Notker, Bishop of Liège, with the County of Huy: full establishment of the Prince-Bishopric of Liège.[31]
987 30 March Death of Arnulf II, Count of Flanders; succession of Baldwin IV, Count of Flanders.

11th century

Year Date Event
1035 30 May Death of Baldwin IV, Count of Flanders; succession of Baldwin V, Count of Flanders
1060 Baldwin V, Count of Flanders becomes regent of France
1067 1 September Death of Baldwin V, Count of Flanders; succession of Baldwin VI, Count of Flanders
1070 17 July Death of Baldwin VI, Count of Flanders; succession of Arnulf III, Count of Flanders
1071 22 February Battle of Cassel between Robert the Frisian and his nephew, Arnulf III, Count of Flanders. Arnulf was killed in the battle and Robert succeeded him as Count of Flanders.
1087 Godfrey of Bouillon becomes Duke of Lower Lorraine
1093 13 October Death of Robert I, Count of Flanders; succession of Robert II, Count of Flanders
1096 August Godfrey of Bouillon, Duke of Lower Lorraine, sets off as one of the leaders of the First Crusade.[32]
1100 18 July Death of Godfrey of Bouillon

12th century

Year Date Event
1105 Baldric of Noyon, Bishop of Tournai, awards the right of presentment for Tielt to the chapter of St Salvator in Harelbeke[33]
1111 5 October Death of Robert II, Count of Flanders; succession of Baldwin VII, Count of Flanders
1119 17 July Death of Baldwin VII, Count of Flanders; succession of Charles I, Count of Flanders (Charles the Good)
1125 Godfrey I, Count of Louvain confirms the agreement of Ava of Waver and her sons with the priory of Forest, transferring ownership of an allod in Woluwe.[34]
1127 2 March Murder of Charles the Good, Count of Flanders
30 March William Clito claims countship of Flanders
1128 28 July William Clito dies while laying siege to Aalst; Thierry of Alsace established his claim to the countship of Flanders
1146 24 June Pope Eugene III confirms Wibald, Abbot of Stavelot and Malmedy, in possession of the goods of the abbey.[35]
1147 after 11 May Henry II of Leez, Bishop of Liège, confirms Affligem Abbey in possession of its property in the diocese of Liège.[36]
Arnout IV, Count of Aarschot, and Christian of Ghistelles, leaders of forces from the Low Countries on the Second Crusade, are diverted to the Siege of Lisbon
1163 June Henry the Blind, Count of Namur and of Luxembourg, being childless, names his sister Alice of Namur with her husband Baldwin IV, Count of Hainaut, and their son Baldwin, as heirs of all his allodial possessions, "with sod and twig", retaining usufruct during his own lifetime.[37]
1168 17 January Death of Thierry, Count of Flanders; succession of Philip of Alsace as count of Flanders
Godfrey, Duke of Lower Lotharingia, confirms the privileges of the borough of Tienen (oldest extant civic charter from the Duchy of Brabant)[38]
1178 Gislebert of Mons becomes chancellor to Baldwin V, Count of Hainaut.[39]
1184 1 April Henry the Blind, Count of Namur and of Luxembourg, being childless, names his nephew, Baldwin V, Count of Hainaut, already heir to all his allodial possessions, as heir equally to all his feudal possessions, "with sod and twig", retaining usufruct during his own lifetime.[40]
1186 July birth of Ermesinde, later countess of Luxembourg, only child of Henry the Blind. As a female heir she would inherit his allodial possessions, but not his feudal possessions.[41]
1191 1 August Death of Philip of Alsace, Count of Flanders; succession of his daughter Margaret I, Countess of Flanders, and her husband and co-ruler Baldwin V, Count of Hainaut
1192 21 November Murder of Albert of Louvain, Bishop of Liège, by supporters of Emperor Henry VI
1193 19 May Relics of Saint Alena enshrined in Forest Priory.[42]
1194 20 August Peace treaty between Henry I, Duke of Brabant and Baldwin V, Count of Hainaut, ending twelve years of conflict between the Duchy of Brabant and the County of Hainaut.[43]
15 November Death of Margaret I, Countess of Flanders; her husband Baldwin V, Count of Hainaut continues to rule as Baldwin VIII of Flanders
1195 17 December Death of Baldwin V, Count of Hainaut; succession of his son Baldwin as count of Flanders and Hainaut
1198 Baldwin VI, Count of Hainaut, donates all his possessions in the village of Horrues to the collegiate church of Soignies to endow a Lady chapel and a chantry.[44]

13th century

Year Date Event
1205 14 April Battle of Adrianople: Baldwin I of Constantinople, count of Flanders and Hainaut, captured by the Bulgarians
1213 30-31 May Battle of Damme: English fleet destroys French fleet at anchor near Damme.[45]
1214 27 July Battle of Bouvines: decisive French victory against the forces of Ferdinand, Count of Flanders, Henry I, Duke of Brabant, and Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor. Count of Flanders carried captive to Paris.[46]
1224 12 August Guy of Saint-Pol and his brother, Hugo of Saint-Pol, stand surety for a loan of 3693 pounds borrowed from citizens of Arras by Daniel, Lord of Béthune: an early example of the use of French rather than Latin in legal documents.[47]
1232 20 September Ferdinand, Count of Flanders and Joan, Countess of Flanders release inhabitants of the Brugse Vrije from the feudal relief of "best beast".[48]
1236 Statutes of the Ghent Leper Hospital translated from Latin: the earliest known example of a legal document entirely in Dutch.[49]
1237 Charters of the city of Ghent translated into Dutch.[50]
1238 Benedictine priory at Vorst, a dependency of Affligem Abbey, becomes the independent Forest Abbey.[51]
1245 14 June Pope Innocent IV authorizes the canons regular of St Augustine to establish a grammar school in Leuven.[52]
1255 Gothic choir of Tournai Cathedral completed
1270 1 September Margaret of Constantinople, Countess of Flanders, impounds wares of English merchants in Flanders in retaliation for their king's non-payment of a money fief, sparking a trade war between Flanders and England.[53]
1274 28 July Treaty of Montreuil-sur-Mer between Edward I of England and Guy, Count of Flanders, ending four years of economic warfare and providing for free movement of merchants between their territories.[54]
1288 5 June Battle of Worringen
1293 7 May Aldermen of Nieuwpoort accept the mediation of Guy, Count of Flanders in their dispute with the abbeys of Duinen and Bourbourg concerning a dyke built near the town.[55]
1296 2 November Edward I of England grants Flemish merchants the right to buy wool for export anywhere in the British Isles, rather than being limited to the wool staple.[56]
1297 12 June Treaties of alliance between Philip IV of France and John of Avesnes, Count of Hainaut, culminate in a trade treaty allowing merchants from Hainaut to trade freely in the kingdom of France.[57]
1297 5 November Guy, Count of Flanders and Marquis of Namur transfers government of Namur to John of Namur, his eldest son by Isabelle of Luxembourg, breaking the personal union of Namur with the County of Flanders (which would pass to Robert, Guy's son by Matilda of Béthune).[58]

14th century

Year Date Event
1302 11 July Battle of the Golden Spurs: Flemish forces defeat knights of Philip IV of France near Kortrijk
1303 9 July Aldermen of the city of Namur authorize formation of a butchers' guild, with obligations to arm themselves, follow their own banner, and bury their own dead.[59]
1312 27 September The Charter of Kortenberg finalised at Kortenberg Abbey, establishing fundamental rights for the inhabitants of the Duchy of Brabant such as no punishment without trial according to due process. Council of four knights and ten representatives of the boroughs established (beginnings of representative institutions in the duchy).
1323 June Rebellion of the commoners in maritime Flanders, sparked by Louis I, Count of Flanders, ceding Sluis to John I, Marquis of Namur.[60]
1327 30 August Pope John XXII provides a dispensation for the marriage of Philippa of Hainault and Edward III of England. The marriage itself took place by proxy in Valenciennes in October.[61]
1328 24 January Marriage of Philippa of Hainault and Edward III of England celebrated in York Minster.[62]
1328 23 August Battle of Cassel: Philip VI of France defeats Flemish rebels led by Nicolaas Zannekin.[63]
1339 3 December Treaty of mutual support between John III, Duke of Brabant and Louis I, Count of Flanders, and the cities subject to them, providing for offensive and defensive alliance and free trade between their territories.[64]
1345 24 July Jacob van Artevelde killed in Ghent.[65]
1355 8 March The boroughs of the Duchy of Brabant and the Duchy of Limburg undertake to remain united under a single prince after the death of John III, Duke of Brabant, not allowing the territory to be divided among his heirs.[66]
1356 3 January Joyous Entry of 1356: Joanna, Duchess of Brabant and her husband Wenceslaus I of Luxembourg sign the great charter of liberties of the Duchy of Brabant.[67]
1370 Extirpation of small Jewish population of Brabant after accusations of profaning eucharistic hosts.
1387 2 November Oldest record of the incorporation of the Brussels guild of painters, goldbeaters and glassmakers.[68]
1389 John of Bavaria elected Prince-Bishop of Liège (resigned 1418).
1390 28 September Joanna, Duchess of Brabant secretly relinquishes possession of the Duchy of Brabant to her niece, Margaret of Male, and offspring thereof.[69]
1392 1 November John of Bavaria, bishop-elect of Liège, writes to Philip the Bold to intercede for merchants from Liège arrested by the officers of Rethel.[70]

15th century

Year Date Event
1408 9 September John the Fearless takes fiscal measures to pay Alexander Stewart, Earl of Mar's archers joining him on the Liège campaign. (Letter bearing only known surviving signature of John the Fearless).[71]
28 September Battle of Othée: forces of John the Fearless and John of Bavaria defeat Liège rebels.
1421 23 April Philip the Good transfers usufruct of the County of Namur to John of Flanders, Lord of Béthune, for the duration of his life.[72]
1425 9 December Pope Martin V issues papal bull founding University of Leuven.
1441 Tapestry weavers of Oudenaarde form the Guild of St Barbara.[73]
1451 28 October Guilds of Ghent take up arms against the Count of Flanders, Philip the Good.
1452 31 May Philip the Good declares war on the city of Ghent.
1453 23 July Battle of Gavere: forces of Philip the Good defeat rebels of Ghent, ending their rebellion.
1454 17 February The Feast of the Pheasant, a banquet given by Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, held in Lille.
1464 9 January–12 February Estates General of 1464: first joint meeting of representatives of various territories of the Burgundian Netherlands.[74]
1468 3 July Marriage of Charles the Bold and Margaret of York (Now commemorated with the five-yearly Procession of the Golden Tree)
1473 24 April Charles the Bold appointed mediator in the peace negotiations between Poland and Hungary.[75]
December Charles the Bold overhauls the administrative structures of the Burgundian Netherlands: establishes Great Council of Mechelen; orders the chambers of accounts of Lille and Brussels be combined and sit in Mechelen.[76]
1477 29 May Joyous Entry of Mary of Burgundy in Leuven as Duchess of Brabant.[77]
1479 7 August Battle of Guinegate: forces of Mary of Burgundy and her husband Maximilian I of Habsburg defeat forces of Louis XI of France.
1482 23 December Treaty of Arras between Louis XI of France and Maximilian I of Habsburg as heir of the Burgundian Netherlands, ceding Burgundy and Artois to France.
Oldest surviving parish register from the territory of what is now Belgium: marriage register from the Church of St Gudula in Brussels.[78]
1493 23 May Treaty of Senlis: Charles VIII of France cedes the County of Flanders and County of Artois to the House of Habsburg.[79]
1500 24 February Birth of the future Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, in Ghent.
7 March Christening of the future Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, in Ghent, with Margaret of York, Margaret of Austria, Charles, Prince of Chimay, and John, Lord of Bergen op Zoom as godparents.[80]
May Philip of Burgundy received as ruler in Béthune, Saint-Omer and Dunkirk.[81]
9 June Conference outside Calais between Henry VII of England and Philip of Burgundy.[82]

16th century

Year Date Event
1501 18 July Birth of Isabella of Austria, daughter of Philip of Burgundy and Joanna of Castile, future Queen of Christian II of Denmark.
1509 25 June Pope Julius II grants indulgence for those contributing to the rebuilding of the collegiate church of Dinant, equal to the indulgence for a pilgrimage to Rome.[83]
1511 2 April Érard de La Marck, Prince-Bishop of Liège, orders publication of Julius II's bull granting an indulgence for those contributing to the rebuilding of the collegiate church of Dinant.[84]
1521 8 May Charles V issues decree for the Habsburg Netherlands prohibiting Lutheran preaching, teaching, printing or disputation, largely parallel to the Edict of Worms that he was to sign for the Empire as a whole on 26 May but providing more repressive powers to secular authorities.[85]
1523 1 July Johann Esch and Heinrich Voes burned at the stake in Brussels for their adherence to Lutheran doctrines.[86]
8 September Pope Adrian VI draws up a last will and testament to dispose of his possessions in the Habsburg Netherlands, among other bequests founding a papal college for students of Theology at the University of Leuven.[87]
1526 14 January Peace of Madrid temporarily ends the war between Charles V and Francis I of France, with France briefly relinquishing all claim to the County of Flanders, County of Artois, Tournai and the Tournaisis, and the Duchy of Burgundy.[88]
1531 26 September Mary of Hungary appointed regent over the Habsburg Netherlands.[89]
7 October Edict issued on coins, notaries, monopolies, vagrancy and poor relief.[90]
New edict against the printing of heretical books issued.[91]
19 November Charles V issues decree reorganizing the Council of Luxembourg.[92]
1532 11 September Charles V issues decree establishing protocols and procedure of the reorganized Council of Luxembourg.[93]
1540 4 October New edict requiring printers and booksellers to provide local magistrates with inventories of their stock.[94]
1546 9 May University of Leuven issues the first index of prohibited books.[95]
1542 August French forces plunder Arlon.[96]
1 September Francis I of France appoints Claude, Duke of Guise as governor of the Duchy of Luxembourg.
1544 Peace of Crépy ends the war between Charles V and Francis I of France, returning status quo of 1538: Duchy of Luxembourg restored to the Habsburg Netherlands.[97]
1549 12 September Edict regulating the organization of markets throughout the Habsburg Netherlands.[98]
1566 5 April Compromise of Nobles petition Margaret of Parma to suspend the laws on heresy.[99]
31 July Philip II of Spain authorises Margaret of Parma to abolish the inquisition in the Habsburg Netherlands.[100]
August to September Iconoclastic Fury: churches and monasteries vandalised and plundered in many parts of the Habsburg Netherlands.
1567 15 March Attempted Calvinist coup in Antwerp.[101]
June Margaret of Parma reinstitutes suspended edicts against heresy.[102]
1568 18 May Duke of Alva banishes thirty inhabitants of the city of Antwerp and their spouses, with forfeiture of property, for supporting or disseminating Calvinism – including the pensionary of the city, Jacques van Wesenbeke, and the head of the Calvinist consistory in Antwerp, the Portuguese merchant Marcus Perez.[103]
1574 6 June Don Luis de Requesens, Governor of the Habsburg Netherlands, issues general pardon to rebels willing to return to loyalty.[104]
1575 16 June Philip II of Spain decrees that the change of year is to be counted from 1 January throughout the Habsburg Netherlands, rather than from Christmas day (25 December), the Feast of the Annunciation (25 March) or Easter day, as was the custom in various parts.[105]
1576 4 November Sack of Antwerp by Spanish mutineers from the Army of Flanders
8 November Pacification of Ghent: alliance of the provinces of the Habsburg Netherlands to drive mutineers from the Army of Flanders from the country and promote a peace treaty with the rebellious provinces Holland and Zeeland
1600 5 February Battle of Lekkerbeetje in the countryside outside 's-Hertogenbosch
2 July Battle of Nieuwpoort between the armies of Maurice of Nassau and the Archduke Albert.

17th century

Year Date Event
1601 5 July Siege of Ostend begins.
1604 16 September Siege of Ostend ends.
1609 Twelve Years' Truce
1611 12 July Perpetual Edict (1611) reforming the basic rules of criminal and civil procedure in the courts of the Habsburg Netherlands.[106]
1614 6 May Aylid, wife of Giele le Hayverlin, sentenced to death for witchcraft by the magistrates of Ouffet: one of the first trials in a local spate of witchcraft accusations.[107]
1621 Twelve Years' Truce expires.
1622 29 August Battle of Fleurus: Army of Flanders defeats Protestant German invasion force.
1629 30 April to 14 September Siege of 's-Hertogenbosch: one of the four chief cities of the Duchy of Brabant falls to the Dutch Republic.
1632 Conspiracy of Nobles to overthrow Spanish rule in the Southern Netherlands.
9 June to 22 August Siege of Maastricht: Brabantine lordship of the city lost to the Dutch Republic (the Prince-Bishop of Liège retains his share in the lordship).
30 July Isabella Clara Eugenia, Governess General of the Spanish Netherlands, summons the Estates General, to meet on 7 September.[108]
1634 5 July Estates General, in session since 7 September 1632, disbanded by order of Philip IV of Spain.[109]
4 November Triumphal reception in Brussels of Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand of Austria as new governor general.[110]
1635 24 June to 4 July Siege of Leuven
1637 17 April Exiled Dutch nobleman René van Renesse van Elderen, count of Warfusée, has the mayor of Liège, Sébastien de La Ruelle, murdered by Spanish soldiers.[111]
1638 24 May to 16 July Siege of Saint-Omer
20 June Battle of Kallo: Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand of Austria prevents Dutch forces from encircling Antwerp.
1648 15 May Peace of Münster ends the war with the Dutch Republic.
1695 2 July to 1 September Siege of Namur
13-15 August Bombardment of Brussels by the army of Louis XIV

18th century

Year Date Event
1704 20 June Edict in the name of Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor, reorganises office of notary in the Habsburg Netherlands.[112]
1713 29 January Second Barrier Treaty confirms the closing of the Scheldt.[113]
1714 6 March Treaty of Rastatt signed: hostilities between France and Austria arising from War of the Spanish Succession cease; Spanish Netherlands become Austrian Netherlands.[114]
1715 Start of Flemish China trade.[115]
1719 5 February The Saint-Joseph sets sail from Ostend for Canton.[116]
3 August The Saint-Joseph, from Ostend, arrives in Canton.[117]
19 September Frans Anneessens, dean of the masons' guild, beheaded in Brussels for resisting innovations in city government detrimental to the power of the guilds of Brussels.[118]
27 November The Saint-Joseph, from Ostend, sets sail from Canton laden with tea, porcelain, silk and Chinese roots.[119]
1720 3 June The Saint-Joseph reaches its home port of Ostend from a voyage to Canton.[120]
1722 19 December Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor grants a charter to the Ostend Company to trade with the Indies.[121]
1723 11-12 August Shares in the Ostend Company issued on Antwerp Exchange.[122]
1727 18 July Ostend Company petitions for the harbour of Ostend to be deepened.[123]
1734 16 February Ostend Company officially ceases trading in accordance with the Treaty of Vienna (1731).[124]
1737 16 February Ostend Company officially wound up.[125]
1771 7 January Privy Council grants necessary permits for artillery general Joseph de Ferraris to chart Mechelen and Brabant.[126]
1778 6 August Government edict regulating registration of baptisms, weddings and funerals: parish priests ordered to ensure that registrations of baptisms include the child's date of birth and the parents' places of birth; of weddings include the full names, status, place of birth and place of residence of the parties; of funerals include the date and time of death; and that a copy of each year's new entries in the parish register be deposited with the provincial authorities every January.[127]
1782 1 August Council of Luxembourg becomes a "sovereign" court: its legal decisions can no longer be appealed to the Great Council of Mechelen.[128]
1787 1 January Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor, decrees the abolition of the Council of Brabant and the institution of new law courts for the Duchy of Brabant,[129] to take effect from 1 May 1787.[130]
20 April Council of Brabant declares its abolition unconstitutional.[131]
21 September Joseph II's interim minister plenipotentiary, Sir Joseph Murray, 3rd Baronet, postpones the abolition of the Council of Brabant.[132]
1788 22 January Council of Brabant refuses to issue a new decree by Joseph II's minister plenipotentiary, Ferdinand von Trauttmansdorff.[133]
1789 29 April Joseph II's government in Brussels issues a decree establishing rural representation in the Third Estate of the States of Brabant and abolishing their right to veto taxes.[134]
8 May Council of Brabant refuses to register the decree abolishing the veto of the Third Estate in the States of Brabant.[135]
6 June Joseph II instructs his minister in Brussels to decree that ordinary taxes will henceforth no longer be subject to annual approval by the States of Brabant.[136]
18 June In a government coup, Ferdinand von Trauttmansdorff, Joseph II's minister in Brussels, decrees the abolition of the Council of Brabant, the States of Brabant, and the Joyous Entry.[137]
24 October Army of émigré volunteers invades.[138] Manifesto of the People of Brabant published.
27 October Battle of Turnhout (1789): government forces defeated by émigrés.
12 December Government of Joseph II, headed by Ferdinand von Trauttmansdorff, evacuates Brussels.[139]
1790 11 January United States of Belgium proclaimed.
1793 18 March Battle of Neerwinden: short-lived restoration of Austrian rule in the Low Countries.
1794 26 June Battle of Fleurus: decisive French victory in the Flanders Campaign of the French Revolutionary Wars.
1795 1 October Former Austrian Netherlands and Prince-Bishopric of Liège annexed to the French First Republic.[140]
6 November Decree of 14 Brumaire, Year IV brings into force in Belgium the French laws of 1791 abolishing craft guilds.[141]
1796 17 June Decree of 29 Prairial, Year IV establishes civil registration of births, marriages and deaths throughout what is now Belgium.[142]
August Moveables and archives of the guilds of Brussels sold at public auction on the Grand Place.[143]
1797 25 October University of Leuven suppressed by decree.[144]
25 November Law of 5 Frimaire confiscates property of all religious colleges, seminaries and confraternities (implementation started 31 December).[145]
1798 5 September Law of 19 Fructidor, Year VI (Jourdan law) instituting universal conscription of all unmarried men aged 20 to 25 in French Republic
12 October Beginning of the Peasants' War (Boerenkrijg) in Flanders and Brabant.
22 October Short-lived liberation of Mechelen from French rule.
5 December Decisive defeat of Peasant Army near Hasselt.
1799 21 June Execution of Pieter Corbeels, one of the leaders of the Peasant Army, in Tournai.

19th century

Year Date Event
1811 4 January Napoleon Bonaparte attends the launching of the warship Friedland in Antwerp.
1814 21 July Belgium made part of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands.[146]
1815 16 June Battle of Ligny: Napoleon Bonaparte's last victory.
18 June Battle of Waterloo: final defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte.
1830 25 August Belgian Revolution begins
4 October Provisional government proclaims Belgian independence.[147]
27 October Belgian forces take Antwerp; Dutch forces bombard the city from the citadel.[148]
3 November Elections held for the National Congress of Belgium.
10 November First session of the National Congress of Belgium.[149]
26 December Allied powers recognise Belgian independence.[150]
1831 3 February Duke of Nemours elected king of the Belgians, but declined the honour.[151]
12 July Leopold, Prince of Coburg, elected king of the Belgians.[152]
19 July Leopold arrives in Brussels.[153]
21 July Leopold sworn in as king of the Belgians.[154]
2–12 August Ten Days' Campaign: Dutch attempt to re-establish rule over Belgium fails, but retains control of Antwerp Citadel.
1832 11 July Order of Leopold established.[155]
9 August Leopold I of Belgium marries Louise of Orléans.[156]
15 November–23 December Siege of Antwerp by Belgian army with French support removes Dutch forces from Antwerp Citadel.
1839 4 February The Kingdom of the Netherlands recognises Belgian independence.[157]
19 April Peace Treaty between Belgium and the Netherlands signed in London.[158]
1848 1 April French Republican agitators seeking to foment revolution in Belgium arrested at Quiévrain.[159]
1850 4 August Mediation by the King of Belgium leads to the restoration of diplomatic relations between Spain and the United Kingdom.[160]
1851 27 October Commercial treaty between Belgium and the United Kingdom concluded in London.[161]
1852 12 February State visit of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert to Belgium.[162]
1853 22 August Marriage of Leopold, Duke of Brabant, heir to the Belgian throne, and Marie Henriette of Austria.[163]
1859 31 August Lower House of the Belgian Parliament passes a motion for the fortification of Antwerp.[164]
1860 9 July Belgian consulate in Damascus destroyed during anti-Christian pogroms.[165]
1861 1 October Commercial treaty between Britain, France and Belgium comes into effect.[166]
1863 11 August State visit of Queen Victoria to Belgium.[167]
1865 10 December Death of Leopold I of Belgium.
17 December Leopold II of Belgium sworn in as head of state.
1866 20 October State banquet at Brussels for British Volunteers on visit to Belgium.[168]
21 October Risk Allah Bey brought to trial in Brussels on charges of murder and forgery.[169]
1867 11–18 July 2,400 Belgian Volunteers arrive in London, received by the Lord Mayor, entertained by the Wimbledon Volunteers, and a ball held in their honour at the Agricultural Hall, Islington, with Prince Albert in attendance.[170]
1868 6 August 47 miners killed by a fire damp explosion in the Sainte Henriette mine near Jemappes.[171]
23 October Frederick Doulton, MP, brought to trial in Brussels on charges of fraud in public works, but acquitted of having broken any law.[172]
1869 22 January Death of nine-year-old Prince Leopold, Duke of Brabant, heir to the Belgian throne.[173]
20 February Belgian senate passes a law prohibiting any French company from purchasing Belgian railways.[174]
25 April Protocol signed to settle railway disputes between France and Belgium.[175]
26 August Death of the painter Henri Leys.[176]
1870 23 September Sumptuous public celebration of the 40th anniversary of Belgian independence.[177]
1871 21 February Regular railway services between France and Belgium resumed.[178]

20th century

Year Date Event
1913 6 April to 31 October Exposition universelle et internationale (1913), World's Fair in Ghent.
1914 4 August German invasion: beginning of Belgian involvement in the First World War.
1918 11 November Armistice ends First World War.
1921 June Crown Prince Hirohito's official visit to Belgium.[179]
1935 27 April to 6 November Brussels International Exposition (1935) held in Heysel, near Brussels.
1940 10 May German invasion: beginning of Belgian involvement in the Second World War.
1944 4 September Liberation of Brussels and Antwerp.
16 December German reinvasion: the Battle of the Bulge begins.
1945 25 January Liberation of Belgium completed.
1958 17 April to 19 October Expo 58, the first major World’s Fair since the Second World War.
1971 29 September to 1 October Emperor Hirohito's state visit to Belgium.[180]
1978 11 October Leo Tindemans resigns as Prime Minister after the failure of the Egmont pact.

21st century

Year Date Event
2002 Adoption of the Euro

See also

Cities in Belgium

Historians

References

    1. ↑ Fred Stevens and Axel Tixhon, L'Histoire de la Belgique pour les nuls (Paris, 2010), p. 31.
    2. ↑ Henri Pirenne, Geschiedenis van België, vol. 1 (Ghent, 1902), p. 9.
    3. ↑ Henri Pirenne, Geschiedenis van België, vol. 1 (Ghent, 1902), p. 7.
    4. ↑ Henri Pirenne, Geschiedenis van België, vol. 1 (Ghent, 1902), p. 7.
    5. ↑ Henri Pirenne, Geschiedenis van België, vol. 1 (Ghent, 1902), p. 17.
    6. ↑ Henri Pirenne, Geschiedenis van België, vol. 1 (Ghent, 1902), p. 17.
    7. ↑ C. Vleeschouwers, "Diploma van keizer Lodewijk de Vrome voor de Sint-Baafsabdij te Gent, 819", in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 3-6.
    8. ↑ Henri Pirenne, Geschiedenis van België, vol. 1 (Ghent, 1902), p. 38.
    9. ↑ Henri Pirenne, Geschiedenis van België, vol. 1 (Ghent, 1902), p. 38.
    10. ↑ Henri Pirenne, Geschiedenis van België, vol. 1 (Ghent, 1902), p. 38.
    11. ↑ Henri Pirenne, Geschiedenis van België, vol. 1 (Ghent, 1902), p. 38.
    12. ↑ Henri Pirenne, Geschiedenis van België, vol. 1 (Ghent, 1902), p. 38.
    13. ↑ Henri Pirenne, Geschiedenis van België, vol. 1 (Ghent, 1902), p. 38.
    14. ↑ Henri Pirenne, Geschiedenis van België, vol. 1 (Ghent, 1902), p. 38.
    15. ↑ Henri Pirenne, Geschiedenis van België, vol. 1 (Ghent, 1902), p. 39.
    16. ↑ Henri Pirenne, Geschiedenis van België, vol. 1 (Ghent, 1902), pp. 42-43.
    17. ↑ Henri Pirenne, Geschiedenis van België, vol. 1 (Ghent, 1902), p. 57.
    18. ↑ Henri Pirenne, Geschiedenis van België, vol. 1 (Ghent, 1902), p. 45.
    19. ↑ Henri Pirenne, Geschiedenis van België, vol. 1 (Ghent, 1902), p. 46.
    20. ↑ Henri Pirenne, Geschiedenis van België, vol. 1 (Ghent, 1902), p. 47.
    21. ↑ Cited in Henri Pirenne, Geschiedenis van België, vol. 1 (Ghent, 1902), p. 46, note 2.
    22. ↑ Richerus of Rheims, Histoire de son temps, edited by G.-H. Pertz, translated and annotated by J. Guadet, vol. 1 (Paris, 1845), pp. 72, 82.
    23. ↑ Henri Pirenne, Geschiedenis van België, vol. 1 (Ghent, 1902), p. 55.
    24. ↑ Henri Pirenne, Geschiedenis van België, vol. 1 (Ghent, 1902), p. 55.
    25. ↑ Henri Pirenne, Geschiedenis van België, vol. 1 (Ghent, 1902), p. 55.
    26. ↑ Michel Parisse, "Lotharingia", in New Cambridge Medieval History, edited by Timothy Reuter, vol. 3 (Cambridge, 1999), pp. 318-319.
    27. ↑ D. Van Overstraeten, "Diploma van keizer Otto I voor de abdij van Saint-Ghislain, 965", tr. C. Vleeschouwers, in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 10-13.
    28. ↑ G. Maréchal, "Bekrachtiging van de goederen van de Gentse Sint-Pietersabdij", in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 10-13.
    29. ↑ Michel Parisse, "Lotharingia", in New Cambridge Medieval History, edited by Timothy Reuter, vol. 3 (Cambridge, 1999), p. 319.
    30. ↑ Michel Parisse, "Lotharingia", in New Cambridge Medieval History, edited by Timothy Reuter, vol. 3 (Cambridge, 1999), p. 323.
    31. ↑ Michel Parisse, "Lotharingia", in New Cambridge Medieval History, edited by Timothy Reuter, vol. 3 (Cambridge, 1999), p. 323.
    32. ↑ Alan V. Murray, The Army of Godfrey of Bouillon, 1096-1099: Structure and dynamics of a contingent on the First Crusade, Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire 70/2 (1992), pp. 301-329.
    33. ↑ K. Maddens, "Schenking van het altaar van Tielt aan het Sint-Salvatorskapittel van Harelbeke, 1105", in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 15-17.
    34. ↑ M. Soenen, "Verkoop allodiaal domein te Woluwe, 1125", tr. C. Vleeschouwers, in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 17-21.
    35. ↑ G. Hansotte, "Bevestiging van de bezittingen van de abdij van Stavelot, 1146", tr. A. Zoete, in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 21-22.
    36. ↑ M. Grauwen, "Bekrachtiging der goederen van de abdij van Affligem, 1147", in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 23-25.
    37. ↑ F. Ladrier, "De erfopvolging van Hendrik de Blinde, graaf van Namen, 1163–1184", tr. A. Zoete, in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 29-33.
    38. ↑ A. Graffart, "Godfried III en Tienen, 1168", tr. A. Zoete, in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 26-29.
    39. ↑ G. Wymans, "Oorkonde van het kapittel van Zinnik, geschreven door Gillebert van Bergen, kanselier van Henegouwen, 1198", tr. M. Grauwen, in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 37-39.
    40. ↑ F. Ladrier, "De erfopvolging van Hendrik de Blinde, graaf van Namen, 1163–1184", tr. A. Zoete, in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 29-33.
    41. ↑ F. Ladrier, "De erfopvolging van Hendrik de Blinde, graaf van Namen, 1163–1184", tr. A. Zoete, in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 29-33.
    42. ↑ Bart Fransen, "Recherches historiques / Historisch onderzoek", Bulletin of the Royal Institute for Cultural Heritage, 32 (2006-2008), pp. 95-101.
    43. ↑ G. Wymans, "Vredesverdrag tussen Hendrik I, hertog van Brabant, en Boudewijn V, graaf van Henegouwen en Vlaanderen, 1194", tr. M. Grauwen, in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 33-37.
    44. ↑ G. Wymans, "Oorkonde van het kapittel van Zinnik, geschreven door Gillebert van Bergen, kanselier van Henegouwen, 1198", tr. M. Grauwen, in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 37-39.
    45. ↑ F. W. Brooks, "The Battle of Damme, 1213", Mariner's Mirror 16 (1930), 264-271.
    46. ↑ Georges Duby, Le Dimanche de Bouvines, 27 juillet 1214 (Gallimard, 1985).
    47. ↑ C. Wyffels, "Het verschijnen in ons land van Nederlands en Frans in de ambtelijke schrijftaal", in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 43-45.
    48. ↑ J. Mertens, "Vrijstelling van 'beste hoofd', 1232", in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 46-48.
    49. ↑ C. Wyffels, "Het verschijnen in ons land van Nederlands en Frans in de ambtelijke schrijftaal", in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 43-45.
    50. ↑ C. Wyffels, "Het verschijnen in ons land van Nederlands en Frans in de ambtelijke schrijftaal"", in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), p. 45.
    51. ↑ Bart Fransen, "Recherches historiques / Historisch onderzoek", Bulletin of the Royal Institute for Cultural Heritage, 32 (2006-2008), pp. 95-101.
    52. ↑ M. Grawuen, "Inrichting van een school te Leuven, 1245", in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 48-50.
    53. ↑ C. Wyffels, "Economische oorlog tussen Vlaanderen en Engeland", in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 54-56.
    54. ↑ C. Wyffels, "Economische oorlog tussen Vlaanderen en Engeland", in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 54-56.
    55. ↑ J. Mertens, "Geschil over een dijk bij Nieuwpoort", in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 63-65.
    56. ↑ J. Danhieux, "Handel tussen Engeland en Vlaanderen, 1296", in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 65-67.
    57. ↑ C. Dumont, "Handelsverdrag tussen Filips de Schone, koning van Frankrijk, en Jan van Avesnes, graaf van Henegouwen, 1297", tr. H. Coppens, in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 68-69.
    58. ↑ J. Bovesse, "Verbreking van de persoonlijke dynastieke band tussen de graafschappen Vlaanderen en Namen op het eind van de 13de eeuw", tr. H. Coppens, in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 70-72.
    59. ↑ J. Bovesse, "Statuten van het Naamse beenhouwersambacht, 1303", tr. E. Persoons, in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 72-76.
    60. ↑ Henri Pirenne, Le Soulèvement de la Flandre Maritime de 1323 à 1328 (Brussels, 1900).
    61. ↑ W. De Keyzer, "Huwelijksdispensatie voor Edward III, koning van Engeland en Filippa van Henegouwen, 1327", tr. E. Persoons, in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 76-78.
    62. ↑ W. De Keyzer, "Huwelijksdispensatie voor Edward III, koning van Engeland en Filippa van Henegouwen, 1327", tr. E. Persoons, in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 76-78.
    63. ↑ L. Danhieux, "Bruggelingen als gijzelaars in Frankrijk, 1328", in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 78-82.
    64. ↑ A. Graffart, "Verdrag van bondgenootschap tussen Brabant en Vlaanderens, 1339", tr. S. Vervaeck, in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 83-87.
    65. ↑ Patricia Carson, James Van Artevelde: The Man from Ghent (Ghent, 1980).
    66. ↑ R. Wellens, "Verbond der steden, 1355", tr. S. Vervaeck, in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 88-89.
    67. ↑ R. Wellens, "Blijde Inkomst van Brabant, 1356", tr. S. Vervaeck, in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 89-92.
    68. ↑ A. Graffart, "Register van het schilders-, goudslagers- en glazenmakersambacht van Brussel, 1707–1794", tr. M. Erkens, in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), p. 268.
    69. ↑ A. Van Nieuwenhuysen, "De erfopvolging in Brabant, 1392", tr. S. Vervaeck, in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1, tr. J. Verhelst, (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 97-99.
    70. ↑ G. Hansotte, "De betrekkingen tussen Luikenaren en Bourgondiërs in de XIVde eeuw", tr. J. Verhelst, in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 99-100.
    71. ↑ A. Zoete, "Brief van Jan zonder Vrees, 1408", in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 103-106.
    72. ↑ J. Bovesse, "Verkoop van het graafschap Namen wan Filips de Goede, heritage van Bourgondië, 1421", tr. J. Verhelst, in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 108-111.
    73. ↑ G. gadijn, "Wandtapijtkunst te Oudenaarde, 1596", in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 190-192.
    74. ↑ Wim Blockmans, "De samenstelling van de staten van de Bourgondische landsheerlijkheden omstreeks 1464", Standen en Landen 47 (1968), pp. 57-112.
    75. ↑ J. Verhelst, "Vredesonderhandelingen tussen Polen en Hongarije, 1473", in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 112-113.
    76. ↑ D. Van Derveeghde, "Poging tot reorganisatie en centralisatie van de financiën onder Karel de Stoute, 1473", in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 113-115.
    77. ↑ R. Wellens, "Blijde Inkomst in Brabant, 1477", in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 115-117.
    78. ↑ A. Libois, "Tekening in een parochieregister: het huwelijk", in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 179-190.
    79. ↑ U. Vermeuelen, "Bekrachtiging van het verdrag van Senlis, 1493", in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 118-119.
    80. ↑ Adriaan van Meerbeeck, Chronijcke vande gantsche Werelt (Antwerp, 1620), p. 3.
    81. ↑ Adriaan van Meerbeeck, Chronijcke vande gantsche Werelt (Antwerp, 1620), p. 4.
    82. ↑ Adriaan van Meerbeeck, Chronijcke vande gantsche Werelt (Antwerp, 1620), p. 4.
    83. ↑ A. Smolar-Meynart, "Aflaatbul voor de wederopbouw van de collegiale kerk van Onze-Lieve-Vrouw the Dinant, 1509", in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 122-124.
    84. ↑ A. Smolar-Meynart, "Aflaatbul voor de wederopbouw van de collegiale kerk van Onze-Lieve-Vrouw the Dinant, 1509", in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 122-124.
    85. ↑ E. Persoons, "Edikt van Worms, 8 mei 1521. Speciale tekst voor de Nederlanden. France versie", in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 124-126.
    86. ↑ E. Persoons, "Edikten of 'placcaten' van Karel V tegen het Lutheranisme", in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 150-153.
    87. ↑ M. Grauwen, "Testament van paus Adriaan VI, 1523", in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 127-129.
    88. ↑ U. Vermeulen, "Vrede van Madrid, 1526", in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 129-130.
    89. ↑ J. Buntinx, "Maria van Hongarije landvoogdes, 1531", in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 131-132.
    90. ↑ E. Persoons, "Edikten of 'placcaten' van Karel V tegen het Lutheranisme", in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 150-153.
    91. ↑ E. Persoons, "Edikten of 'placcaten' van Karel V tegen het Lutheranisme", in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 150-153.
    92. ↑ R. Petit, "Keizerlijke verordening houdend reglement van de Raad van Luxemburg, 1532", tr. M. Grauwen, in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 132-141.
    93. ↑ R. Petit, "Keizerlijke verordening houdend reglement van de Raad van Luxemburg, 1532", tr. M. Grauwen, in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 132-141.
    94. ↑ E. Persoons, "Edikten of 'placcaten' van Karel V tegen het Lutheranisme", in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 150-153.
    95. ↑ E. Persoons, "Edikten of 'placcaten' van Karel V tegen het Lutheranisme", in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 150-153.
    96. ↑ R. Petit, "Rekwest van de burgers van Aarlen tot het bekomen van de alleenhandel in de proosdij, 1548", tr. M. Grauwen, in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 156-159.
    97. ↑ R. Petit, "Rekwest van de burgers van Aarlen tot het bekomen van de alleenhandel in de proosdij, 1548", tr. M. Grauwen, in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 156-159.
    98. ↑ R. Petit, "Rekwest van de burgers van Aarlen tot het bekomen van de alleenhandel in de proosdij, 1548", tr. M. Grauwen, in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 156-159.
    99. ↑ D. De Stobbeleir, "Het eedverbond der edelen, 1565-1566", in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 164-169.
    100. ↑ D. De Stobbeleir, "Het eedverbond der edelen, 1565-1566", in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 164-169.
    101. ↑ H. Delvaux, "Veroordeling van Antwerpse hervormden, 1568", in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 171-173.
    102. ↑ D. De Stobbeleir, "Het eedverbond der edelen, 1565-1566", in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 164-169.
    103. ↑ H. Delvaux, "Veroordeling van Antwerpse hervormden, 1568", in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 171-173.
    104. ↑ D. De Stobbeleir, "Het eedverbond der edelen, 1565-1566", in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 164-169.
    105. ↑ J. De Keyzer, "Kalenderhervorming in de Spaanse Nederlanden, 1575", in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 173-176.
    106. ↑ Georges Martyn, "Het recht ten tijde van de aartshertogen: Codificatie en enkele fundamentele wetten", in Albert & Isabella (1598–1621): Essays edited by Werner Thomas and Luc Duerloo (Turnhout, Brepols, 1998), pp. 249-254.
    107. ↑ P. Bauwens, "Heksenproces, 1614", in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 200-203.
    108. ↑ Louis Prosper Gachard, Actes des États Généraux de 1632, vol. 1 (Brussels, 1853), pp. 3-5.
    109. ↑ Louis Prosper Gachard, Actes des États Généraux de 1632, vol. 2 (Brussels, 1866), p. 710.
    110. ↑ Description of The Battle of Nördlingen (1634) by Jan van den Hoecke at the Royal Collection.
    111. ↑ Henri Lonchay, "La Ruelle (Sébastien de)", Biographie Nationale de Belgique, vol. 11 (Brussels, 1891), 374.
    112. ↑ A. Libois, "Huwelijkskontrakt tussen Amand Thirion en Marie Joseph Fontaine, 1733", tr. M. Grauwen, in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 234-241.
    113. ↑ J. Mertens, "Oostende – Kanton – Oostende, 1719–1720", in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 224-228.
    114. ↑ M. Soenen, "Gedrukte tekst van het Verdrag van Rastadt, 1714", tr. M. Erkens, in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 219-222.
    115. ↑ J. Mertens, "Oostende – Kanton – Oostende, 1719–1720", in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 224-228.
    116. ↑ J. Mertens, "Oostende – Kanton – Oostende, 1719–1720", in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 224-228.
    117. ↑ J. Mertens, "Oostende – Kanton – Oostende, 1719–1720", in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 224-228.
    118. ↑ Alphonse Wauters, "Anneessens, François", Biographie Nationale de Belgique, vol. 1 (Brussels, 1866), 300-317.
    119. ↑ J. Mertens, "Oostende – Kanton – Oostende, 1719–1720", in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 224-228.
    120. ↑ J. Mertens, "Oostende – Kanton – Oostende, 1719–1720", in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 224-228.
    121. ↑ Henri Pirenne, Geschiedenis van België, Vol. 5: Het einde van het Spaansch stelsel. Het Oostenrijksch stelsel. De Brabantsche omwenteling en de Luiksche omwenteling (Ghent, 1929), p. 195.
    122. ↑ J. Mertens, "Oostende – Kanton – Oostende, 1719–1720", in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 224-228.
    123. ↑ J. Mertens, "Dossier van werken in de haven van Oostende, 1727", in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 233-234.
    124. ↑ L. Michielsen, "Het einde van de Oostendsche Kompagnie", Bijdragen tot de Geschiedenis 28 (1937), 128-129.
    125. ↑ J. Mertens, "Oostende – Kanton – Oostende, 1719–1720", in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 224-228.
    126. ↑ W. Buntinx, "Vervaardiging van de kaart van de Zuidelijke Nederlanden genaamd 'Kaart van Ferraris', 1771–1777", in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 251-254.
    127. ↑ A. Libois, "Tekening in een parochieregister: het huwelijk", in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 179-190.
    128. ↑ R. Petit, "Keizerlijke verordening houdend reglement van de Raad van Luxemburg, 1532", tr. M. Grauwen, in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 132-141.
    129. ↑ D. De Stobbeleir, "Verzet tegen de hervormingen van Jozef II en de staatsgreep van 18 juni 1789", tr. M. Erkens, in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 262-267.
    130. ↑ "Causes of the discontents in the Austrian Netherlands", The Annual Register 29 (1789), p. 208.
    131. ↑ D. De Stobbeleir, "Verzet tegen de hervormingen van Jozef II en de staatsgreep van 18 juni 1789", tr. M. Erkens, in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 262-267.
    132. ↑ D. De Stobbeleir, "Verzet tegen de hervormingen van Jozef II en de staatsgreep van 18 juni 1789", tr. M. Erkens, in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 262-267.
    133. ↑ D. De Stobbeleir, "Verzet tegen de hervormingen van Jozef II en de staatsgreep van 18 juni 1789", tr. M. Erkens, in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 262-267.
    134. ↑ D. De Stobbeleir, "Verzet tegen de hervormingen van Jozef II en de staatsgreep van 18 juni 1789", tr. M. Erkens, in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 262-267.
    135. ↑ D. De Stobbeleir, "Verzet tegen de hervormingen van Jozef II en de staatsgreep van 18 juni 1789", tr. M. Erkens, in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 262-267.
    136. ↑ D. De Stobbeleir, "Verzet tegen de hervormingen van Jozef II en de staatsgreep van 18 juni 1789", tr. M. Erkens, in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 262-267.
    137. ↑ D. De Stobbeleir, "Verzet tegen de hervormingen van Jozef II en de staatsgreep van 18 juni 1789", tr. M. Erkens, in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 262-267.
    138. ↑ D. De Stobbeleir, "Verzet tegen de hervormingen van Jozef II en de staatsgreep van 18 juni 1789", tr. M. Erkens, in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 262-267.
    139. ↑ D. De Stobbeleir, "Verzet tegen de hervormingen van Jozef II en de staatsgreep van 18 juni 1789", tr. M. Erkens, in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 262-267.
    140. ↑ Jan Roegiers, "Revolutie in de seminaries", Trajecta 9 (2000), 112-133.
    141. ↑ A. Graffart, "Register van het schilders-, goudslagers- en glazenmakersambacht van Brussel, 1707–1794", tr. M. Erkens, in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), p. 270.
    142. ↑ A. Libois, "Tekening in een parochieregister: het huwelijk", in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), pp. 179-190.
    143. ↑ A. Graffart, "Register van het schilders-, goudslagers- en glazenmakersambacht van Brussel, 1707–1794", tr. M. Erkens, in Doorheen de nationale geschiedenis, vol. 1 (State Archives in Belgium, Brussels, 1980), p. 270.
    144. ↑ Jan Roegiers, "Revolutie in de seminaries", Trajecta 9 (2000), 112-133.
    145. ↑ Jan Roegiers, "Revolutie in de seminaries", Trajecta 9 (2000), 112-133.
    146. ↑ William Henry Overall, The dictionary of chronology, or historical and statistical register (London, 1870), p. 76.
    147. ↑ William Henry Overall, The dictionary of chronology, or historical and statistical register (London, 1870), p. 76.
    148. ↑ William Henry Overall, The dictionary of chronology, or historical and statistical register (London, 1870), p. 76.
    149. ↑ https://unionisme.be/cn18301110.htm
    150. ↑ William Henry Overall, The dictionary of chronology, or historical and statistical register (London, 1870), p. 76.
    151. ↑ William Henry Overall, The dictionary of chronology, or historical and statistical register (London, 1870), p. 76.
    152. ↑ William Henry Overall, The dictionary of chronology, or historical and statistical register (London, 1870), p. 76.
    153. ↑ William Henry Overall, The dictionary of chronology, or historical and statistical register (London, 1870), p. 76.
    154. ↑ William Henry Overall, The dictionary of chronology, or historical and statistical register (London, 1870), p. 76.
    155. ↑ William Henry Overall, The dictionary of chronology, or historical and statistical register (London, 1870), p. 76.
    156. ↑ William Henry Overall, The dictionary of chronology, or historical and statistical register (London, 1870), p. 76.
    157. ↑ William Henry Overall, The dictionary of chronology, or historical and statistical register (London, 1870), p. 76.
    158. ↑ Joseph Irving, The Annals of Our Time (London and New York, 1871), p. 39.
    159. ↑ Joseph Irving, The Annals of Our Time (London and New York, 1871), p. 244.
    160. ↑ Joseph Irving, The Annals of Our Time (London and New York, 1871), p. 308.
    161. ↑ Joseph Irving, The Annals of Our Time (London and New York, 1871), p. 338.
    162. ↑ William Henry Overall, The dictionary of chronology, or historical and statistical register (London, 1870), p. 76.
    163. ↑ Joseph Irving, The Annals of Our Time (London and New York, 1871), p. 389.
    164. ↑ Joseph Irving, The Annals of Our Time (London and New York, 1871), p. 556.
    165. ↑ Joseph Irving, The Annals of Our Time (London and New York, 1871), p. 577.
    166. ↑ Joseph Irving, The Annals of Our Time (London and New York, 1871), p. 612.
    167. ↑ William Henry Overall, The dictionary of chronology, or historical and statistical register (London, 1870), p. 77.
    168. ↑ Joseph Irving, The Annals of Our Time (London and New York, 1871), p. 755.
    169. ↑ Joseph Irving, The Annals of Our Time (London and New York, 1871), pp. 755-756.
    170. ↑ Joseph Irving, The Annals of Our Time (London and New York, 1871), pp. 781, 783.
    171. ↑ Joseph Irving, The Annals of Our Time (London and New York, 1871), p. 836.
    172. ↑ Joseph Irving, The Annals of Our Time (London and New York, 1871), p. 843.
    173. ↑ Joseph Irving, The Annals of Our Time (London and New York, 1871), p. 857.
    174. ↑ Joseph Irving, The Annals of Our Time (London and New York, 1871), p. 860.
    175. ↑ Joseph Irving, The Annals of Our Time (London and New York, 1871), p. 869.
    176. ↑ Joseph Irving, The Annals of Our Time (London and New York, 1871), p. 883.
    177. ↑ Joseph Irving, The Annals of Our Time (London and New York, 1871), p. 949.
    178. ↑ Joseph Irving, The Annals of Our Time (London and New York, 1871), p. 985.
    179. ↑ La Libre Belgique, 21 June 1921.
    180. ↑ Belgium Hirohito Visit, AP Archive.

    Further reading

    Belgian history

    Timelines

    This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 12/1/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.