Châlons-en-Champagne

Châlons-en-Champagne
City Hall of Châlons-en-Champagne
Coat of arms
Châlons-en-Champagne
Location within Grand Est region  Châlons-en-Champagne
Coordinates: 48°57′27″N 4°21′54″E / 48.9575°N 4.365°ECoordinates: 48°57′27″N 4°21′54″E / 48.9575°N 4.365°E
Country	France
Region	Grand Est
Department	Marne
Arrondissement	Châlons-en-Champagne
Intercommunality	Châlons-en-Champagne
Government
• Mayor (2001–2008)	Bruno Bourg-Broc
Area^1	26.05 km^2 (10.06 sq mi)
Population (1999)^2	47,339
• Density	1,800/km^2 (4,700/sq mi)
Time zone	CET (UTC+1)
• Summer (DST)	CEST (UTC+2)
INSEE/Postal code	51108 / 51000
Elevation	82–84 m (269–276 ft) (avg. 83 m or 272 ft)
Website	http://www.chalons-en-champagne.net/
^1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. ^2 Population without double counting: residents of multiple communes (e.g., students and military personnel) only counted once.

Châlons-en-Champagne (French pronunciation: ​[ʃa.lɔ̃.ɑ̃.ʃɑ̃.paɲ] or [ʃɑ.lɔ̃.ɑ̃.ʃɑ̃.paɲ]) is a city in France. It is the capital of both the department of Marne and the region of Champagne-Ardenne, despite being only a quarter the size of the city of Reims.

Formerly called Châlons-sur-Marne, the city was officially renamed in 1998. It should not be confused with the Burgundian town of Chalon-sur-Saône.

History

Châlons is conjectured to be the site of several battles including the Battle of Châlons fought in A. D. 274 between Roman Emperor Aurelian and Emperor Tetricus I of the Gallic Empire. The Catalaunian Fields was the site of the battle of Châlons in 451 which turned back the westward advance of Attila. A sign to pointing toward Châlons-sur-Marne is briefly seen in It's the Great Pumpkin, Charlie Brown during the World War I flying ace scene.

Main sights

Cloister Notre-Dame-en-Vaux

• Saint Etienne's cathedral, including parts of the first Romanesque cathedral built in the 12th century. Nevertheless, it was mainly rebuilt in Gothic style. The west façade (in Baroque style) and two close spans were added in the 17th century.
• Notre-Dame-en-Vaux church, part of the UNESCO World Heritage. Built between 1157 and 1217, the collegiate church had a cloister and was a place of pilgrimage in the 12th century, and Museum du Cloitre de Notre-Dame-en-Vaux 12th century.
• Saint-Alpin, perhaps the oldest church of the city. It was rebuilt around 1170 in Gothic style, but still marked by the Romanesque style.
• Hôtel de Ville (city hall). It has a façade representative of the neo-classic period of the end of the 18th century. The steps of the building are protected by four stone lions.
• Porte Sainte-Croix (Ste-Croix Gate). Previously called Porte Dauphine, this gate was one of the entries into the city. It was dedicated to Marie-Antoinette when she came via Châlons on her way to Paris to marry the future king Louis XVI of France.
• Ancien Hotel des Intendants of Champagne (eighteenth century). Today home to the Prefecture of the Champagne-Ardenne region and Prefecture of the Marne.
• Le Cirque. The old town circus, completed in 1899, is sheltering the Centre National des Arts du Cirque (CNAC).

• 
  Cloister Notre-Dame-en-Vaux
• 
  Hôtel de Ville
• 
  Old Town of Châlons
• 
  Châlons Cathedral
• 
  Interior view of Saint-Alpin (1907).

Transport

The station

The Gare de Châlons-en-Champagne railway station is served by the TGV network with service to and from Paris Gare de l'Est. Other destinations are Reims, Saint-Dizier, Nancy, Bar-le-Duc and Verdun. Additionally, Châlons is connected with the Champagne-TGV station, near Reims, with high speed trains going to Lille, Nantes, Rennes and Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport.

Châlons is located at the intersection of two major axes:

• A4 motorway, going from Paris to Strasbourg, towards Reims and Metz
• A26 motorway, going from Lille to Lyon, towards Reims, Troyes and Dijon.

Châlons is also served by an international airport devoted to shipping (Châlons Vatry Airport ), ranking third in France with almost 60,000 tonnes of freight passing through each year.

Local transportation is provided by SITAC BUS buses.

Education

University level

The Arts et Métiers ParisTech (1806).

• Arts et Métiers ParisTech (ENSAM), a national engineering graduate school. This teaching and research center was established in 1806. Students can attend courses focused on mechanical and industrial engineering.
• Centre national des arts du cirque (CNAC), which is a Circus Arts Learning Centre created in 1985. Each year about twenty students learn all the disciplines of modern circus arts.
• Institut Universitaire Technologique (IUT) of Reims, Châlons, Charleville, a branch of the University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)
• Institut Universitaire de Formation des Maîtres (IUFM), a branch of the University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)

Sport

ESPE Basket Châlons-en-Champagne is a Châlons' basketball team. A temporary firing range was used for some shooting events at the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris.^[1]

Twin towns – sister cities

Châlons-en-Champagne is twinned with:

• Ilkeston, United Kingdom.^[2][3]
• Neuss, Germany.^[4]

Camp de Mourmelon

The Camp de Mourmelon (formerly known as Camp de Châlons) is a military camp of circa 10,000 hectares located near Mourmelon-le-Grand 22 kilometres (14 miles) north. It was created at the behest of Napoleon III and opened 30 August 1857 during the Second French Empire.

The initial purpose was simply for practising military manoeuvres, but it quickly turned into a showcase of the French Imperial Army, a theatrical propaganda display, where French citizens could meet the army and watch parades. Each year the camp was transformed into a town of tents and wooden chalets.^[5]

The camp survived the fall of the Second Empire in 1870, but changed into a training camp and a departure point for troops engaging in overseas operations.

The camp is used for military manoeuvres, and cavalry training, along with the neighbouring, 2,500 hectare, Camp de Moronvillers. Firing of live ordnance (rockets, missiles) is prohibited.

Births

Châlons-en-Champagne was the birthplace of:

• Martin Akakia (1500–1551)
• David Blondel (1591–1655), Protestant clergyman
• Claude D'Espence (1511–1571) French theologian
• Jean Talon (1626–1694), first Intendant of New France
• Antoine de Chézy (1718–1798), hydraulics engineer
• Nicolas Appert (1749–1841), inventor of "appertisation" for the preservation of food
• Joseph-François Mangin (1764–1818), designer of the St. Patrick's Old Cathedral and the New York City Hall
• Henri Dagonet (1823–1902), psychiatrist
• Adolphe Willette (1857–1926), painter
• Maurice Renard (1875–1939), writer
• Etienne Oehmichen (1884–1955), engineer, considered father of the helicopter
• Robert Louis Antral (1895–1939) painter
• Cabu (1938–2015), comic strip artist and caricaturist
• Xavier Bertrand (born 1965), politician
• Jacques Massu (1908–2002), paratrooper, general

Deaths

Châlons-en-Champagne was the death place of:

• George Canning, 1st Baron Garvagh (1778–1840), diplomat and Fellow of the Royal Society of London, nephew to British Prime Minister George Canning (1770–1827)
• Clyde Fitch, American dramatist

Image

Panoramic view of Hôtel de ville place in Châlons-en-Champagne.

See also

• Diocese of Châlons
• French wine
• Champagne Riots
• The works of Antonin Mercié

References

1. 1924 Olympics official report. pp. 565–6.
2. Twinning in Erewash Borough
3. "British towns twinned with French towns". Archant Community Media Ltd. Archived from the original on 5 July 2013. Retrieved 2013-07-11.
4. Neuss sister city link page
5. The Bonapartes in Châlons en Champagne, by Jean-Paul Barbier and Michel Bursaux, Marnaises Studies, SACSAM, 2009.

Further reading

• Mark W. Konnert, Civic Agendas and Religious Passion: Châlons-sur-Marne during the French wars of religion, 1560-1594 (Kirksville, MO, Sixteenth Century Journal Publishers, 1997) (Sixteenth Century Essays & Studies, 35).
• Jean-Paul Barbier and Michel Bursaux, The Bonapartes in Châlons en Champagne (Les Bonaparte à Châlons en Champagne), Marnaise Studies (Etudes Marnaises), SACSAM, 2009.

External links

• Official website (English/French/German)
• History and photographs of Camp Chalons
•  "Châlons-sur-Marne". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). 1911.