Firozabad

This article is about the municipality in Uttar Pradesh, India. For its namesake district, see Firozabad district.
For other uses, see Firozabad (disambiguation).
Firozabad
फ़िरोज़ाबाद
فیروزآباد
District
Nickname(s): City Of Bangles and Glass
Firozabad
Coordinates: 27°09′N 78°25′E / 27.15°N 78.42°E / 27.15; 78.42Coordinates: 27°09′N 78°25′E / 27.15°N 78.42°E / 27.15; 78.42
Country India
State Uttar Pradesh
District Firozabad
Government
 • Type State
 • Body Samajwadi Party (S.P.)
 • Member Of Parliament (MP) Akshay Yadav (S.P.)
 • Member of Legislative Assembly (MLA) Manish Asija (BJP)
 • M.L.C/District President Dr. Dilip Yadav (S.P)
Population (2011 census)
 • Total 603,797
Languages
 • Official Hindi
Urdu
Time zone IST (UTC+5:30)
PIN 283203
Telephone code 05612
Vehicle registration UP 83
Website firozabad.nic.in

Firozabad (Hindi: फ़िरोज़ाबाद; Urdu: فیروزآباد‎) is a city in India, in the state of Uttar Pradesh also known as City of Bangle.

The ancient name of this town was Chandwar Nagar. It is said that during the reign of Akbar the great, revenue was brought through the city, which was looted by the Rajpoot who lived there. Akbar sent his army led by a man named "Firoz" to make the city a cantonment to improve thieves who lived here. The tomb of Firoz is still present today. From early times, it was famous for glass and bangle works, and its related small scale industry is famous throughou the world. Due to underdeveloped industry, literacy rates are very low. The city suffers from low literacy and pollution. The landowners of Firozabad hail from the Sayed, Manihar, Pathan and the Hindu Rajput castes. Firozabad is located in north central India, in Uttar Pradesh, 40 km from Agra and around 240 km away from Delhi, at the northern edge of the Deccan Plateau, at 27°09′N 78°24′E / 27.150°N 78.400°E / 27.150; 78.400. It is located 164 meters (540 ft). \ above sea level.

The boundaries of Firozabad district touch Etah district in north and Mainpuri and Etawah districts in the east. The Yamuna river makes its southern boundary. The area of the district is about 0.8% of the total area of Uttar Pradesh, and the population is 1.1% of the state's total population. Approximately 73.6% of the population lives in rural areas. More than half of the workforce is engaged in manufacturing activities. The city is also an important market centre. It has severe winter and summer seasons. Child labour is practised widely in this city.[1]

History

The name Firozabad was given in the regime of Akbar by Faraz Shah Mansab Dar in 1566. It is said that Todarmal was passing through this town, on a pilgrimage to Gaya. He was robbed by robbers. At his request, Akbar, sent his Mansab Dar Faraz Shah here. He landed near or about Datauji, Rasoolpur, Mohammadpur Gajmalpur, Sukhmalpur Nizamabad, Prempur Raipura. The tomb of Firoz Shah and ruins of his residence haveli in Katra Pathanan now as known Mushtaq Manzil are the evidences of this fact.

Mr. Peter, a businessman working for the Dutch East India Company visited Firozabad on 9 August 1632 and found the town in good condition. It is written in the gazetteer of Agra and Mathura that in 1596 Faraz was upgraded to a pargana. Faraz was bestowed to Nawab Sadulla Khan as jagir, in the regime of Shahjahan. Jahangir ruled here from 1605 to 1627. Etawah, Budaun, Mainpuri, Faraz were under first class mansabdar of emperor Farrukhsiar. Bajirao peshwa looted Firozabad and Etmadpur in 1737 in the regime of Mohammad Shah. Jats of Mahawan attacked Faujdar Hakim Kajim ali bahadur jang at Firozabad and killed him on 9 May 1739. Jats ruled Firozabad for 30 years. Gajuddin, Hidayat Vaksh son of Alamgir second his nephew and Mirza baba the son in law, came to Firozabad. Mirza Nabab Khan stayed here till 1782. In the end of the 18th century, Firozabad was ruled by Himmat Bahadur with co-operation of Marathas. The French Army chief of Marathas, D. Wayan, established an ordnance factory in November 1794. Mr. Thomas Traving also mentioned this fact in his book Travels in India. Marathas appointed his subedar Lakwadads here who made a fort near old tehsil, known at present as garie.

General Lek and General Vellajally attacked Firozabad in 1802. In the beginning of British regime Firozabad was in Etawah district but after some time it was attached to Aligarh district. When Sadabad was created as a new district in 1832, Firozabad was attached to it. Later on, in 1833 Firozabad was attached to Agra district. In 1847, the business of lac was flourishing at Firozabad.

In 1857, zamidar of Firozabad with local public took active parts in freedom struggle. Famous Urdu poet Munir Shikohabadi too was sentenced to Kala pani by the British East India Company government. People of this city took part in "Khilafat Movement", "Quit India Movement", and "Namak Satyagrah" and went to the jail during these national movements. In 1929, Father of Nation Mahatma Gandhi, in 1935 Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, in 1937 Pandit Jawahar Lal Nehru and in 1940 Subhas Chandra Bose visited Pandit Banarasi Das Chaturvedi, a two time member of Parliament - said to be the father of Hindi Journalism and the recipient of Padma Bushan. Firozabad district was finally established on 5 February 1989. In 2015 it become a Nagar Nigam.

Geography

Firozabad is located at 27°09′N 78°25′E / 27.15°N 78.42°E / 27.15; 78.42.[2] It has an average elevation of 164 metres (538 ft).

Climate

The lowest recorded temperature in Firozabad was −1 °C; the highest was 48 °C.

Climate data for Firozabad
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 22
(72)		 25
(77)		 32
(90)		 38
(100)		 41
(106)		 41
(106)		 35
(95)		 33
(91)		 34
(93)		 34
(93)		 29
(84)		 24
(75)		 32.3
(90.2)
Average low °C (°F) 8
(46)		 10
(50)		 16
(61)		 22
(72)		 26
(79)		 28
(82)		 27
(81)		 26
(79)		 24
(75)		 19
(66)		 13
(55)		 9
(48)		 19
(66.2)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 10.2
(0.402)		 12.7
(0.5)		 10.2
(0.402)		 10.2
(0.402)		 15.2
(0.598)		 66.0
(2.598)		 195.6
(7.701)		 226.1
(8.902)		 114.3
(4.5)		 27.9
(1.098)		 2.5
(0.098)		 5.1
(0.201)		 696
(27.402)
Source: Firozabad Weather

Demographics

As of 2011 India census,[3] Firozabad City had a population of 603,797. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Firozabad has an average literacy rate of 75.01% higher than the national average of 74%: male literacy is 85.32%, and female literacy is 63%. In Firozabad, 16% of the population is under 6 years of age.

Transport

Firozabad railway station served by the Delhi-Howrah trunk route of the Indian Railways. Several trains serve the city connecting it to long and short distanced destinations including New Delhi, Howrah, Mumbai, Kanpur, Lucknow, Jaipur, Jammu Tawi, Amritsar, Jamshedpur, Patna, Aligarh, Agra, Puri, Ajmer, Ambala, Bareilly, Etawah and Tundla.

Tundla Junction railway station in the Tundla town (20 km west of Firozabad city on National Highway 2) of the Firozabad District is a major railway station of North Central Railways. Due to its proximity to Agra several trains on the Delhi Howrah route which don't stop at Firozabad station make a stop at Tundla Junction hence serving Firozabad as well as Agra cities.

The city is 40 km east from Agra on National Highway 2 which makes it an important stopover for the transport vehicles on this highway. Firozabad hence is connected to several bus services to the Western and Eastern parts of Uttar Pradesh state. Due to proximity to Agra and hence the borders of Uttar Pradesh with Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh states several inter-state bus services also serve the city. Intra-city transport typically consists of Rickshaws and 3-wheelers.

The City is well connected with Yamuna Expressway to New delhi. Stretch up to Lucknow(W.I.P).

Water problem

Since a few years, Firozabad has been suffering with a severe water pollution problem. The water has been polluted by the indiscriminate discharge of wastes by the industries, causing a literal water "crisis". The water has been tendered practically unusable. Citizens have no option but to install water purifiers at home and use packaged drinking water for consumption.

Air pollution

Air pollution by Firozabad's industries have been held responsible among other contributors for the corrosion of the famous Taj Mahal's white marbel, due to acid rain and polluted air.dgssgfadfdffsafsafassafa

Civil services

On recommendation of Union Public Service Commission, New Delhi Rajeshwar Prasad joined Income Tax Appellate Tribunal in the year of 1995.

Judges, Members of Tribunal/Board

Rajeshwar Prasad was appointed as a Member, Commercial Taxes Appellate Board, Madhya Pradesh in August, 2007

Holders of High Offices

Rajeshwar Prasad, former Advisor to the Government of Uttarakhand (with effect from 16 November 2010 till 11 May 2012) was born in the district of Etah but is a native of Firozabad.

District Magistrate

Nidhi Kesarwani (IAS), Person in Chair of District Administration as a Collectorate/District Magistrate.

Market

Goyal Vastra Bhandar(GVB) popularly known as Goyal Dupatta Vastra Bhandar. It is one of the oldest firm - a retail shop in a city and a well sounded shop in the city.

Raniwala Market is also a market located in the heart of city. It is owned entirely by Raniwala's, the family which also owns 6 Jain temples in the city. Raniwala trust is one of the prominent trusts in the city.

Industry

Glass industry

During ancient times, invaders brought many glass articles to India. These glass articles when rejected, were collected and melted in locally made furnaces called "Bhainsa Bhatti." In this furnace, wood was used as a fuel. These old traditional furnaces are still in use in Sasani near Aligarh and at Purdal Nagar and were originally used only for making smaller bottles and bangles. The glass industry specially the modern glass bangles technology was started and invented by Haji Rustam Ustad. The shrine of Haji Rustam Ustad is in Sofipura, a village on the bank of river Yamuna. His shrine is situated just opposite the shrine of famous sufi saint Hazrat Shah Sufi. Every year a grand fair (mela) is held to pay homage to the father of Firozabad glass industry "Haji Rustam Ustad".This fair is attended by all people irrespective of caste, class or religion. By current production standards, only one bangle at a time can be made using these furnaces. These bangles had no joints and were locally known as "Kadechhal Ki Chudi". Over time, production slowly became more widespread among the locals. This was the start of the glass industry in Firozabad. Since then Firozabad has been the home of India's glass industry. White and coloured glass pieces being manufactured for the purpose of assembling jhad and fanus (chandeliers) which were in demand by royal courts and nobles for decorating their assembling and drawing rooms. Later on phials for Itra, scents, and other cosmetic products were made. Gradually, Indian marriage items like bangles, kangans, kada, etc. too began to be produced in bulk for the general public. Today, there is area known as Bohran Gali that sells bangles, kadas, kangans and other items of suhagins (married women).

Since 1989, Firozabad has produced artistic glassware in different colours and shades used in chandeliers and other items. About four hundred glass industries are registered in Firozabad, making different types of glass products. They use natural gas instead of coal. Half of the production of these units is exported. Nowadays, blowing/modeling is done by the Pot Furnace & Regenerative tank furnace in the factories.

Firozabad with the changing time has entered into new era of Glass Manufacturing, it has become a major hub of manufacturing different Glass based items and has registered its global presence, diversifying its industrial base and encouraging ancillary industries including Chemicals, Packaging and more of service sector based industries have flourished in a short span of time.

All sorts of glass articles, including jars, candle stands, glasses, flower vases, and electric wares such as decorative lights, bulbs and every other sort of glass articles are prepared in this city. These articles are painted with vivid colours and innovative patterns. Etching is done on some products to enhance their beauty. Decoration work is also done on some products by fixing other material on them.

Deshilp Overseas

It is a company/firm in glass industry, popularly known as Decent Lites. It is one of the leading firm in an Indian glass industry and leading the export.

Tourist places

1- Sufi Shah Tomb 2- Jama Masjid 3- Eid Gah Masjid 4- Firozshah Tomb 5- Gali Imambara (Bangle's Market) 6- Shastri Market 7- kela devi temple- 8- vesno devi temple- 9- Bohranan Gali- 10- totaram Sandhya birthplace- 11- Chandravar gate- 12- baba neem Karori temple & birthplace- 13- gopal asram hanuman temple- 14- jain temple-

References

  1. ↑ Mike Davis: Planet der Slums, Assoziation A, Berlin, 2007, page 196
  2. ↑ Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Firozabad
  3. ↑ "Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)". Census Commission of India. Archived from the original on 2004-06-16. Retrieved 2008-11-01.

*Hirangaon

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