Barabanki district

This article is about the district. For its eponymous headquarters, see Barabanki city.
Barabanki district district
बाराबंकी ज़िला
بارابنکی ضلع
District of Uttar Pradesh
Country India
State Uttar Pradesh
Administrative division Faizabad
Headquarters Barabanki
Tehsils

  1. Nawabganj
  2. Fatehpur
  3. Ramsanehi Ghat
  4. Haidergarh
  5. Ram Nagar
  6. Sirauli Ghauspur
Government
 • District collector Ajay yadav IAS
Area
 • Total 4,402.00 km2 (1,699.62 sq mi)
Population (2011)
 • Total 3,260,699
 • Density 740/km2 (1,900/sq mi)
 • Urban 330,803
Demographics
 • Literacy 61.7
 • Sex ratio 910
Vehicle registration UP-41
Major highways NH 27, NH 28B
Coordinates 26°55′N 81°12′E / 26.92°N 81.20°E / 26.92; 81.20
Average annual precipitation 1050 mm
Website [barabanki.nic.in Official website]

The Barabanki district is one of four districts of Faizabad division, lies at the very heart of Awadh region of Uttar Pradesh state of India, and forms as it were a centre from which no less than seven other districts radiate. It is situated between 27°19' and 26°30' north latitude, and 80°05' and 81°51’ east longitude; it runs in a south-easterly direction, confined by the nearly parallel streams of the Ghaghara and Gomti. With its most northern point it impinges on the Sitapur district, while its north-eastern boundary is washed by the waters of the Ghagra, beyond which lie the districts of Bahraich district and Gonda district. Its eastern frontier marches with Faizabad district, and the Gomti forms a natural boundary to the south, dividing it from the Sultanpur district. On the west it adjoins the Lucknow district. The extreme length of the district from east to west may be taken at 57 miles (92 km), and the extreme breadth at 58 mi (93 km); the total area is about 1,504 sq mi (3,900 km2): its population amounts to 2,673,581, being at the rate of 686.50 per square kilometre (1,778.0/sq mi). The Barabanki city is the district headquarters.

The district under British rule had an area of 1,769 sq mi (4,580 km2). In 1856 it came, with the rest of Oudh, under British rule. During the Sepoy war of 1857-1858 the whole of the Barabanki talukdars joined the mutineers, but offered no serious resistance after the capture of Lucknow.[1][2]

It stretches out in a level plain interspersed with numerous jhils or marshes. In the upper part of the district the soil is sandy, while in the lower part it is clayey and produces finer crops.[2] The district is well fed by rivers Ghaghra (forming the northern boundary), Gomti (flowing through the middle of the district) and Kalyani and their tributaries, for the major part of the year. Some rivers dry out in the summer, and get flooded during the rainy season. The changing course of the river Ghagra changes the land area in the district, year to year.

The principal crops are rice, wheat, pulse and other food grains and sugarcane. Trade in agricultural produce is active.[2] Both the bordering rivers are navigable; and the district is traversed by two lines of the Northern Railway and North-Eastern Railway, with branches having total length of 131 km.[3] It has good road connectivity also including National Highways NH 28, State Highways and various link roads.

History

Barabanki Clock Arch

The district was known before the Muslim conquest as Jasnaul, from Jas, a raja of the Bhar tribe, who is said to have founded it before 1000 AD. With a change of proprietors came a change of name. The Muslim owners divided the lands into twelve shares, over which the respective proprietors quarrelled so incessantly that they were called the Barah Banke, or twelve quarrelsome men. Banka, in Awadhi, meaning a bully or brave. Others derive the name from ban, meaning wood or jungle, and interpret Barabanki as the twelve shares of jungle.[1]

Legends

Mahabahrat era

Parijat tree at Kintoor, Barabanki

Parijaat tree a sacred baobab tree in the village of Kintoor on the banks of Ghaghra.[4] Located near the Kunteshwar Mahadev temple (established by Kunti), the tree is said to grow from Kunti's ashes.[5] The tree is very old.[6]

Pre-historic

Greater part of Barabanki was included in Pachhimrath country (the territory between rivers Ghaghra and Gomti[7]), one of the five divisions of the kingdom of Rama.[8]

Before 1000 AD, Jas, a raja of the Bhar tribe is said to have founded the locality of Jasnaul which later, after the Muslim conquest of the region, came to be known as Bara Banki or Barabanki.[1]

After 1000 till 1525

Indian Shia Muslims take out a Ta'ziya procession on day of Ashura in Barabanki, India, Jan, 2009.

The Muslims had made their first permanent settlement in this district at Satrikh, in 421 AH. / 1030 AD.[1]

Sihali, was conquered, and its sovereign, a Siharia Chhattri, was killed. Kintur was captured, and its Bhar queen, Kintama slain.[1]

The battle in which Bhar chief Sohil Deo (or Sohel Dal) of Sahet-Mahet a small northern kingdom (he was the conqueror of Sayyed Salar Masood) was subversed by Sri Chandradeo, the Rathor monarch of Kannauj was fought in Satrikh village of the district.[9]

In 1049 AD / 441 AH, the Kings of Kanauj and Manikpur were defeated and driven from Oudh by Qutub-ud-din of Medina. The Muslim invasion was more successful in Bara Banki than elsewhere. In 586 AH. / 1189 AD, Sihali was conquered by Shekh Nizam-ud-din of Herat, Ansari. Zaidpur was occupied by them in 636 AH, when Sayyad Abd-ul-Wahid turned out the Bhars, altering the name of the town from Suhalpur. The colony of Musalman Bhattis is reported to have arrived about the same time, although some place it as early as 596 AH. / 1199 AD. They came from Bhatnair or Bhattiana, in the Punjab and Rajputana and settled at Mawai Maholara.[1]

After 1350 AD Muslim immigrants started to settle in great number in the district until nearly to middle of eighteenth century.[10] At the Muslims first permanently settled in Oudh.[11]

Rudauli was occupied about 700 AH, in the reign of Alla-ud-din Khilji, whose forces had just about the same time destroyed Anhalwara, Chittor, Dcogir, Mandor, Jessulmere, Gagraun, Bundi, in fact nearly every remaining seat of Chhattri power. Rasulpur was conquered about 1350 AD / 756 AH. Daryabad was founded about 850 AH / 1444 AD, by Dariab Khan Subahdar. Fatehpur was colonized by Fateh Khan, a brother of Dariab Khan, and about the same time. The villages of Barauli and Barai, near Rudauli, were occupied, and gave their name to large estates about the middle of the fifteenth century.[1]

Simultaneously, however, with this latter immigration of the Muslims there was one of Chhattris. The mysterious tribe of Kalhans, which numbers some twenty thousand persons, are said to be descended from Achal Singh, who came in as a soldier of fortune with Dariab Khan about 1450 AD. Raja Achal Singh is a great name in the Middle Ages of Oudh; he had large property—some state that his capital was Bado Sarai, on the old bank of the Ghagra.[1]

At this time Ibrahim Shah Sharqi, reigned at Jaunpur. Oudh was the battle ground—the border land between Sharqis of Jaunpur and the Lodis of Delhi—and their princes, as the tide of conquest surged backwards and forwards. Dariab Khan settled Hindu soldiers as garrisons,—the war being now one between Muslims, and no longer one of religion. The Kalhans are said to have come from Gujarat, the same nursery of Chhattris from which the Ahban, the Pan war, the Gahlot, the Gaur, the Bais, and many other Oudh clans, are believed to have emigrated.[1]

The isolated Suryavanshi estate of Haraha and the Suryavanshi Bahrelia estate of Surajpur were established by small colonies of Chhattri soldiers, who had been dismissed from service about eighteen generations ago (in 1877).[1]

Mughal era (1526–1732)

During Akbar's reign, the district was divided under the sirkars of Oudh, Lucknow and Manikpur.[1][12] Ain-i-Akbari mentions the following parganas during the reign of the Akbar:

Number Muhals of Ain-i-Akbari Parganas as of 1878 Sarkars of Ain-i-Akbari
1 Ibrahimabad Ibrahimabad Oudh
2 Basorhi Basorhi Oudh
3 Bakteha Baksaha Oudh
4 Daryabad Daryabad Oudh
5 Rudauli Rudauli Oudh
6 Sailuk Sailuk Oudh
7 Subeha Subeha Oudh
8 Satrikh Satrikh Oudh
9 Bhitauli Bhitauli Lucknow
10 Dewa Dewa Lucknow
11 Kumbhi Dewa Lucknow
12 Kursi Kursi Lucknow
13 Kahanjra Kursi Lucknow
14 Siddhaur Siddhaur Lucknow
15 Sidhipur Siddhaur Lucknow
16 Sihali Khiron Lucknow
17 Bhilwal Haidergarh Manikpur
Ref: Gazetteer of the province of Oudh, By Oudh, William Charles Benett Printed at the Oudh government press, 1878, #451,452,454

Nawabs of Awadh (1732–1856)

Safdar Jang, the wazir, had been absent at Delhi; his naib, Newal Rae, had been defeated and killed at the Kali nadi three years before by the Bangash Afghans of Farukhabad, who then overran the whole province except a few of the fortified towns. In 1749 AD, Safdar Jang himself, with an army of 60,000 men, was defeated by them ; and if at this time the Oudh Chhattris had risen, the Mughal authority might have been overthrown, but they waited till after Safdar Jang, in 1750 AD / 1164 AH, had bribed or beaten the Rohillas out of the country.[1]

Then the tribes gathered themselves together under the leadership of Anup Singh, the Raja of Ramnagar Dhameri; the Janwar (Rajputs) of Balrampur, the Bisens of Gonda, and numerous other lords assembled their forces for an attack on Lucknow, now denuded of the troops which had gone into Rohilkhand. The Shekhzadas of Lucknow came out to meet the enemy, they were joined by the Khanziidas of Mahmudabad and Bilahra, who were connected with them by marriage.[1]

The battle was fought at Chheola Ghat on the Kalyani, on the road to Lucknow. The Musalmans, headed by Nawab Muizz-ud-din Khan of Mahmudabad, won the day. The Balrainpur raja was killed it is said, and an immense number of the allied host, some 15,000 were killed or wounded on both sides. Nor would this number be at all remarkable when large armies, inflamed against each other by religious hatred in addition to the ordinary motives, fought at close quarters. From this event dates the rise of the Khanzadas. The Raikwars were proportionately depressed; the estates of both Baundi and Ramnagar were broken up, and but a few villages left with the raja. The process of agglomeration commenced again, seventy years afterwards, about 1816, on the death of the sagacious Saadat Ali Khan, and before annexation, in 1856, the Ramnagar raja had recovered the whole family estate and added to it largely, while his brother of Baundi had similarly added 172 villages to his domain.[1]

The principal chiefs of Bara Banki during the last years of Nawabi were:—[1]

Taluqa of Ramnagar — The large property consisted of 253 villages belongs to Raja Sarabjit Singh. The Raja was the head of the Raikwar clan, who immigrated to Oudh from the hill country about Kashmir in about 1400 A. D. It is a curious fact that whereas all Rajputs place a special value on the wood of the neem tree, the Raikwars alone are forbidden to use it.

Taluqa of Haraha — The proprietor of this taluqa was Raja Narindr Bahadur, the head of the Surajbans Thakurs. His father, Raja Chbatarpat Singh, is yet alive. Both father and son were afflicted with mental incapacity. The estate, which consisted of sixty-six villages, paid a revenue of Rs. 55,000, was under the management of the local authorities. Certain members of the Raja's family held the estates of Ranimau Qiampur in a separate qubuliat in the Nawabi, and they have thus escaped being placed under the taluqdar's sanad.

Taluqa of Surajpur — This estate comprised fifty-six villages. The proprietor was Raja Udatt Partab Singh, the head of Bahrelia Bais Thakurs. The Raja was mentally and physically unfit to manage his estate ; but so long as his maternal grandfather, Udatt Narain, lived there was no fear of under-proprietors, tenants or patwaris defrauding the family.

The late Raja Singji was a most formidable and violent landholder until he was attacked by Maharaja Man Singh with Captain Orr the incharge of British companies frontier police. They killed almost 70 of his inmate robbers. He was captured and taken prisoner to Lucknow, where he died in jail. Lots of his inmate robbers escaped and migrated to neighbouring districts. It was mainly owing to the bad example set by Singji that the Daryabad district was so turbulent under the native Government, that amils and chakladars were to use a native expression unable to breathe in it— (Nak men dam karta tha.)

Taluqa of Jahangirabad — The taluqdar of Jahangirabad was a Qidwai Sheikh, Raja Farzand Ali Khan. He owed his position to two circumstances:

  1. his marriage with the daughter of Raja Razzaq Bakhsh, the late proprietor of the taluqa;
  2. to a fortuitous incident which occurred about three years before annexation.

Farzand Ali was the darogah in charge of the Sikandarbagh at Lucknow. On one occasion of the last king of Oudh visiting the garden, he was struck with the appearance of this young man, and presenting him with a khilat, directed him to attend at the palace.

With such a signal mark of the royal favour, Farzand Ali's advancement was rapid, and, under the interest of the influential eunuch, Bashir-ud-daula, he obtained a farman designating him the Raja of Jahangirabad. This taluqdar followed the deposed king to Calcutta, and was there during the mutinies. Raja Farzand Ali was very intelligent, and well able to manage his estate with prudence and circumspection.

Taluqa of Barai — Chaudhri Ghulam Farid, a Siddiqi Shekh, was the largest landholder of the Rudauli tahsil. He owned thirty-nine villages. At the summary settlement before annexation, he contemplated depriving the children of his cousin, Mumtaz Ahmad, of their share in the estate, unmindful of the past long possession of his cousin; but at the earnest representations of Sayyad Abdul Hakim, an extra assistant commissioner, who was respected throughout the district, he made a fair division; in fact, he gave them half the estate.

Taluqa of Usmanpur - The Taluqdar of Usmanpur were Bisen rajput migrated from Manjhouli State. This is the most famous Bisen Khanzada family UP. This estate was founded by one Kaunsal Singh (Raja Khushal Singh), who obtained an estate as a reward for military service under the Mughal Emperor Humayun. One of his sons Lakhan Singh converted to Islam, and took the name Lakhu Khan.He equally devided his state into three Taluqas, Lakhupur, Kothi & Usmanpur. Kothi to Thakur Haibat Khan, Usmanpur to Thakur Ahmad Khan & Lakhupur To takur Dawood Khan. Later on Thakur Ghaznafar Khan Taluqdar of Usmanpur established it as a gusseted Taluqa,who was confirmed ownership of Usmanpur and neighbouring villages by the Nawabs of Awadh. He owned forty villages (Gazetteer of awadh). After mutiny of 1857 the Taluqa of Kothi was occupied by Britishers from Thakur Roushan Zama khan. After the death of Taluqdar Usmanpur Tahkurain zahirunninsa, the Taluqa handed over to Thkaur Roushan Zama Khan with a mutual opinion of nearest Taluqdars & British officers of Siddhour. He ruled the Taluqa till 1872. After that the Ali Bahadur Khan (Chouhan Rajpoot from Faizabad) brother of Thakurain zahirunnisa appeal for this property with the help of raja Man Singh. After a long judicial fight Thakur Roushan Zama Kahn & Ali Bahadur Khan make mutual deed with the interference of Raja Jahagirabad & Thakur Shiv Sahai taluqdar of Semrawa. Currently both Families are living in Usmanpur. Bisen Khanzada family is known as the " Badi sarkar" & Ali Bahadur Khan's family is known as "Choti Sarkar"

Taluqas of Satrikh —This estate comprised 85 villages. All the villages pay their 'Lagan' (Tax)to the Taluqedar of Satrikh. After 1857, Satrikh estate was ruled by Taluqedar Qazi / Kazi Ikram Ahmad and preceded by Qazi Kamaluddin Ahmad. The previous Chaudhry's were dispossessed for resistance to the British during the War of Independence. They were descendants of the original Usmani's who immigrated to Oudh in the early part of the millennium.

Taluqas of Rudauli —there were in all forty-three.[1]

1857 war of independence

Unlike what occurred in the districts of Hardoi, Gonda, and Lucknow, the whole body of the taluqdars in this district joined the cause of the deposed king and the mutineers. They offered no resistance however, of any moment to the advance of the British troops after the capture of Lucknow ; in the battle of Nawabganj.[1]

British (1858–1947)

The Sadr station (district headquarters) was placed at annexation and also after the mutinies at Daryabad, but owing to the stagnation of water in the immediate vicinity of the town, and to the prevalence of fever, the headquarters were removed in 1859 to Nawabganj, Bara Banki.[13]

During 1869 census of Oudh, total thirteen large towns or kasbahs were identified in the district,[14]

  1. Nawabgunj
  2. Musauli
  3. Rasauli
  4. Satrikh
  5. Zaidpur
  6. Sidhaur
  7. Dariabad
  8. Ichaulia
  9. Rudauli
  10. Ram Nagar
  11. Bado Sarai
  12. Kintoor
  13. Fatehpur

Following were tahsils and parganas during 1869 census:

Tahsil Pargana
Nawaba Ganj Nawabganj
Patabganj
Satrikh
Sidhaur
Ram Nagar Ramnagar
Bhitouli
Bado Sarai
Fatehpur
Mohammedpur
Sani Ghat Dariabad
Surajpur
Rudauli
Mawai Mahulara
Barsorhi

In 1870 before addition of two parganas from Lucknow (i.e. Kursi & Dewa) and one pargana each from Rae Bareli (i.e. Haidergarh) & Sultanpur (i.e. Subeha), Bara Banki district had area of 1,285 sq mi (3,330 km2) and had following subdivisions:[13]

Tahsil Pargana No. of Villages Area (in acres) Major Talukas & Talukdars
Nawabaganj Nawabganj 77 50,484 I.— Jehangirabad, Raja Farzand Ali Khan
II.— Sohailpur Bhanmau, Mir Buniad Husen and Amjad Husen.
III.— Satrikh, Kazi Sarfraz Ali.
IV.— Simrawan, Bissein Thakur Sheo Sahai.
V.— Shahpur, Ghulam Abbas and Mahomed Amir.
VI.— Gaddia, Shekh Zainulabdin.
VII.— Usmanpur, Thakurain Zahur-un-nissa.
Partabganj 54 35,834
Satrikh 43 29,358
Siddhaur 224 90,377
Daryabad-Rudauli
(later named to Ram Sanehi Ghat)		 Daryabad 241 136,931 I.— Surajpur Raja Udatpertab Singh, Burhelia Thakur.
II.— Haraha, Raja Narindur Bahadur, Surajbans Thakur.
III.— Kamiar, Shere Bahadur, Kalhans Thakur.
IV.— Rampur, Rai Ibram Bali, Kaisth.
V.— Saidanpur, Latafat-ullah and Inayat-ullah.
VI.— Nirauli, Chaudhri Husen Baksh.
VII.— Amirpur, Inayat Rassul.
VIII.— Purai, Mahomed Abid.
IX.- Daryabad, Rai Rajeshwar Bali.
Surajpur 107 61,645
Rudauli 196 110,553
Mawai 51 45,469
Barsorhi 44 21,958
Ramnagar Ramnagar 168 71,756 I.— Ramnagar, Raja Sarabjit Singh, Raikwar Thakur.
II.— Bilheri, Raja Ibad Ali.
III.— Mahmudabad, Raja Amir Hussan Khan.
IV.— Bhatwamau, Badshah Husen Khanzada.
V.— Muhammadpur, Ganga Singh, Raikwar.
Fatehpur 251 98,532
Muhammadpur 83 39,568
Bado Sarai 56 30,541
Total 1,595 323,011

In 1871 talukdars held about half the district and number 53, village zemindars number 5,397, and under-proprietors 1,354. Following is details of talukas:[13]

Name of Taluka Name of Talukdar No. of Villages Area (in acres)
Ramnagar Raja Sarabjit Singh 358 108,286
Huraha Raja Nurindur Bahadur Singh 66 29,960
Bhanmau Mir Umjad Hosein 10 5,233
Jehagerabad Raja Farzand Ali Khan 72 22,751
Surajpur Raja Talaywand Koer 64 36,388
Mahmudabad Raja Amir Hassan Khan 89 28,680
Man Singh Maharaja Man Singh 16 13,009
Malaraiganj Nawab Ali Khan 11 3,235
Shahabpur Mahomed Amir and Gholam Abbas 8 3,578
Simrawan Thakur Sheosahai 8 4,188
Sohailpur Mir Umjad Hosein 8 2,458
Ushdamow Panday Bahadur Singh 16 3,684
Usmanpur Thakur Roushan Zama Khan 25 7,325
Kharkha Mahomed Hosein 10 4,593
Guddia Shaikh Zainulabdin 12 1,933
Satrikh Kazi Ikram Ahmed 85 9,420
Gootiah Hakim Kurrum Ali 13 5,549
Subeha Surfaraz Ahmed 1 564
Sulaunpur Nawab Ali Khan 6 3,892
Kotwa Abid Ali 1 331
Motree Bhugwant singh 1 1,040
Tribadiganj Raja Thakurpershad Tribadi 2 813
Lillowly Buxshee Harpershad 11 2,510
Nurhowl Shaik Boo Ali 3 1,465
Mirpur Nusserudeen 4 2,416
Baytowly Maharaja Runbir Singh 5 3,535
Rampur Thakur Gooman Singh 1 357
Jubrahpur Thakur Ruder Pratab Singh 2 700
Bilharrah Raja Ibad Ali Khan 41 15,838
Muhammadpur Thakur Ganga Singh 26 4,981
Bhatwamau Badsha Hasan Khan 23 8,459
Rampur Rai Ibram Balli 35 13,571
Kumyar Shere Bahadur 10 13,430
Sydanpur Latafat-ul-lah and Mayet-ul-lah 13 5,428
Pushka Naipal Singh 4 2,129
Raneemau Outar Singh 14 5,687
Nurrowly Chaudhri Razah Husain 45 23,157
Barrai Chaudhri Gholam Farid and Mahboob-ul-Rahamn 46 16,039
Purai Meer mahomaed Abid 14 6,722
Amirpur Chaudhri Ishan Russul 13 4,557
Burrowly Chaudhri Wazeer Ali 25 3,871
Nearah Shere Khan 13 2,993
Retch Raghunath Singh 1 2,183
Total 1,158 4,36,574

In 1877 Barabanki was one of the three districts of the then Lucknow division.[15] Its area was 1,768 sq mi (4,580 km2) and population was 1,113,430.

As per 1877 Gazetteer of the province of Oudh there were:[1]

Independence movement

In the War of Independence against the British from the year 1922 to 1934 during the Khilafat movement the district participated whole heartidely in the growing movement against foreign fabrics, etc.[16] On 26 October 1942, Brij Bahadur and Hans Raj alias Sardar planted a bomb in police out post at Barabanki, the incidence is known as Barabanki Out post Bomb Case.[17]

Geography

The district is for the most part flat to monotony, there is an utter absence of mountains; the most elevated point is about four hundred and thirty feet above the sea; and there are few points of view from which any expanse of country can be surveyed. The verdure and beauty of the groves with which it is studded in every direction redeem the prospect from bare ugliness, and when the spring crops are green and the jhils yet full of water, the richness of the landscape is very striking. Here and there patches of uncultivated waste are to be seen, but a high assessment and security of tenure are rapidly converting them into waving fields of corn. Towards the north, especially along the old bank of the Ghaghra, the ground is undulating and richly wooded, while to the south there is a gentle slope down to the Gomti. The monotonous level is broken on the north by an abrupt fall, the ridge running parallel to the Ghaghra at a distance of from one mile (1.6 km) to three miles (5 km), is said to indicate what was formerly the right bank of the river. The district is intersected at various parts by rugged ravines.[1]

River system and water resources

Ghaghra

The principal river in the district is the Ghaghra, at a short distance from Bahramghat; in the Fatehpur tahsil the rivers Chauka and Sarda meet, and their united stream is called the Ghaghra. Both those component rivers take their rise in the Himalaya and at their confluence form a stream, which at Bahramghat is in the rainy season from one and a half to two miles (3 km), and in the dry season half mile in breadth. The Gogra divides the Bara Banki district from the districts of Bahraich and Gonda. It flows in a south-easterly direction past Faizabad, and finally empties itself into the Ganges at Arrah, above Dinapore. This river is navigable for flat-bottomed steamers as far as Bahramghat; but the traffic is at present confined to country boats which ply in considerable numbers between Bahramghat and Sarun district. It has been stated that the ancient course of the river is indicated at a distance of from one to two miles (3 km) from the existing right bank by a ridge about 20 feet (6.1 m) high. The low lands between the ancient and present channels generally have fine crops of rice, but the water sometimes lies too long after the rains and rots them, and the spring crops cannot be sown. The river is not utilized for purposes of irrigation.[1]

The Ghaghraflows for forty-eight miles on the border of the district; the dry weather discharge is 19,000 cubic feet (540 m3). The principal ferries are at Kaithi, Kamiar, and Paska Ghat; there is a boat-bridge during the cold season at Bahramghat.[1]

Gomti

Next in importance is the Gomti, which runs through the tahsil of Haidargarh and some portion of the tehsil Ram Sanehi Ghat and separates the Bara Banki district from the districts of Lucknow, Sultanpur and Faizabad. It runs like the Ghagra in a south-easterly direction, has a well-defined bank and a stream which is fordable in the dry weather, and is about 40 yards broad. There is considerable traffic on the Gumti by country boats.[1]

The Gomti flows for 105 miles (169 km) through, or on the border of the district, but its course is so circuitous that the direct distance from the point of entrance to that of exit is only forty-two miles; it is not therefore so useful for navigation, and it lies too low for irrigation; its dry weather discharge is 500 cubic feet (14,000 L). Its water is actually at a lowest level than that of the Ghagra. At the junction of the Kalyani the former is only 301 feet (92 m) above the sea; at Rudauli, the watershed between it and the Ghagra the altitude is 340 feet (100 m); and at Kaithi Ghat the Ghagra is 314 feet (96 m).[1]

Kalyani

The Kalyani River rises in the Fatehpur tahsil, and after wandering through the district in a most tortuous course, empties itself into the Gomti near the village of Dwarkapur.[1]

In the rains of 1872, the river Kalyani presented a vast volume of water 269 feet (82 m) broad, 337 feet (103 m) deep, rushing along with a velocity of 5.74 miles per hour and with a discharge of 51,540 cubic feet per second (1,459 m3/s). In ordinary monsoons the highest discharge is about a quarter less than this.[1]

The river is crossed by the railway with a girder bridge with (6) six openings, each of 60 feet (18 m).[1]

Jamuriha and Reth

View of Jamuriya Nala (a brook) from Railway Station Road Bridge, Barabanki. This brook flows through the Barabanki city and divides the city in two halves.
View of Reth river in Barabanki city as seen from railway bridge crossing over it

The Jamuriha and Reth, both in the Nawabganj tehsil, are the only other streams in this district worthy of notice. Their general characteristics are the same: steep and rugged banks broken by innumerable ravines, mere drains in dry weather but becoming angry torrents during the rains; they flow into the Gomti. Haidergarh, Deviganj, Choury and Alapur are settlements worth mentioning on the banks of the river Reth, while Jamuriha passes through Barabanki city (Barabanki revenue village on one side and Nawabganj Tehsil hq on other).[1]

Tanks, jheels and wetlands

There are numerous tanks and jheels, especially in the tehsils of Daryabad, Ram Sanehi Ghat, and Nawabganj. Seven per cent, of the area is covered with water; many of the tanks are in course of being deepened, the earth taken out of them being used to replenish cultivated land, and doubtless much more would be done in this direction but for the difficulty of adjusting conflicting rights in the tanks. Some of the jheels are navigable by small boats for purposes of sport or pleasure. The finest jheel in this district, that named Bhagghar, is situated in the Ramnagar pargana; it does not cover above two square miles. There is another in Dewa, covering about five square miles with water and marsh. Parva, Nardahi, and Ganhari Jheel are the wetlands in the district.[1]

The Gomti-Kalyani doab

This doab is a fertile area of about 146,526 ha lies in the district and is bounded by Kalyani river on the North and the Gomti river and its tributary on the South. On the west, the area extends up to the Sarda Sahayak feeder channel and on the east up to the confluence of the Gomti and Kalyani rivers.[18][19]

Administration and divisions

Administrative set up

Office of District Magistrate/Collector
Barabanki Head Post Office
Barabanki Kotwaali

Barabanki is one of the four constituent districts of Faizabad Division. The other districts being Faizabad district, Sultanpur district and Ambedkar Nagar district. The Division is headed by the Divisional Commissioner.

As of 2003–04 district contained 7 Tehsils, 17 Development Blocks, 154 Nyay Panchayat and 1140 Gram Sabhas.[20]

As per 1991 data there were 1812 habitated villages and 31 inhabited villages. In 2001 there were 14 towns and cities, 2 Nagar Palika Parishads, 1 Cantonment area, 10 Nagar Panchayats and 1 Census Town.[20]

Land administration

District Barabanki has been divided into six subdivisions, popularly known as tehsils. The District Revenue Administration is headed by the District Collector (also known as District Magistrate), with office at the collectorate, and these tehsils are under the charge of Sub-divisional Magistrates. The six tehsils are:

  1. Nawabganj
  2. Fatehpur
  3. Ramsanehi Ghat
  4. Haidergarh
  5. Ram Nagar
  6. Sirauli Ghauspur

Development

The District level developmental activities are coordinated by the Chief Development Officer having his office in DRDA at collectorate. Block Development Officers, who head each of the Development Blocks into which the district is sub-divided carry out the development schemes on behalf of government. Barabanki encompasses 15 such Blocks, they are:

  1. Banki
  2. Masauli
  3. Dewa
  4. Harakh
  5. Fatehpur
  6. Haidergarh
  7. Dariyabad
  8. Suratganj
  9. Siddhaur
  10. Pure Dalai
  11. Nindura
  12. Trivediganj
  13. Ram Nagar
  14. Sirauli Ghauspur
  15. Banikodar

The district level offices for monitoring the developmental activities of Blocks at Barabanki are located at Vikas Bhawan.

Law and order

The Law and order administration is jointly coordinated by the District Magistrate and the Superintendent of Police. The district is subdivided into 22 Police Stations / Thanas. Each Police Station / Thana is headed by an officer of the rank of Inspector or sub-inspector of police. 12 Police Stations are rural and 9 are rural.[20]

  1. Haidergarh
  2. Satrikh
  3. Dariyabad
  4. Baddupur
  5. Dewa
  6. Kursi
  7. Zaidpur
  8. Mohammadpur
  9. Ram Nagar
  10. Fatehpur
  11. Safderganj
  12. Kotwali
  13. Ramsanehi Ghat
  14. Asandra
  15. Subeha
  16. Tikait Nagar
  17. Lonikatra
  18. Masauli
  19. Kothi
  20. Ghungter
  21. Badosarai
  22. Jahangirabad

Urban

The district has 14 urban administrative bodies for the administration and provision of civil amenities in towns. The towns in the district are:

  1. Nawabganj Nagar Parishad for Barabanki Town
  2. Zaidpur Nagar Panchayat for Zaidpur Town Area
  3. Fatehpur Nagar Panchayat for Fatehpur Town Area
  4. Dariyabad Nagar Panchaya for Dariyabad Town Area
  5. Ramnagar Nagar Panchayat for Ramnagar Town Area
  6. Satrikh Nagar Panchayat for Satrikh Town Area
  7. Haidergarh Nagar Panchayat for Haidergarh Town Area
  8. Dewa Nagar Panchayat for Dewa Town Area
  9. Siddhaur Nagar Panchayat for Siddhaur Town Area
  10. Tikaitnagar Nagar Panchayat for Tikaitnagar Town Area
  11. Rudauli Nagar Parishad for Rudauli Town
  12. Banki Nagar Panchayat for Banki Town Area
  13. Cantonment Board for Cantonment Area in Barabanki
  14. Rampur Bhavanipur Census Town

Electoral

Parliament and State Assembly

Barabanki district has got seven state-assembly constituencies which fall under two parliamentary constituencies, they are:

S No No of Assembly Constituency Name of Assembly Constituency Assembly Constituency Reservation Status Total Booths in Assembly Constituency Net Voters in Assembly Constituency No of Parliamentary Constituency Name of Parliamentary Constituency Parliamentary Constituency Reservation Status Net Voters in Parliamentary Constituency Ref
1 266 Kursi General 343 295030 53 Barabanki SC 1435692 [21]
2 267 Ram Nagar General 323 260400 [22]
3 268 Barabanki General 322 289765 [23]
4 269 Zaidpur SC 359 302189 [24]
5 272 Haidergarh SC 327 288308 [25]
6 270 Dariyabad General 337 304073 54 Faizabad (partial) General 1506120 [26]
7 271 Rudauli (partial) General 304 282890 [27]
State Assembly

Sitting MLAs :[28]

  1. Fareed Mahfooj Kidwai, 266-Kursi,Current Planning Minister of Uttar Pradedsh
  2. Arvind Kumar Singh 'GOPE', 267-Ramnagar visit website
  3. Dharmraj yadav, 268-Barabanki
  4. Ramgopal, 269-Zaidpur
  5. Rajeev Kumar Singh, 270-Dariyabad
  6. Shri Ram Magan, 272-Haidergarh
State Council

Barabanki district sends two members to state-council. Sitting members are:[28]

  1. Arvind Yadav
  2. Ram Naresh Rawat

Basic amenities

Following is the list of public amenities (1999-2002 data):[20]

Road transport

National Highways 28 pass through the district. It is well connected to other cities by means of roadways. Passenger road transport services in the state of U.P. started on 15 May 1947 with the operation of bus service on the Lucknow – Barabanki route by the erstwhile U.P. Government Roadways.[29]

Railway

Both the Northern Railway and the North Eastern Railway pass through Barabanki district.

Communication services

Public distribution system

Electricity

Water supply

Area covered under water supply using taps/ handpumps of India Mark-2:

Entertainment

Demographics

Decadal Growth Rate of Population (1901-2011) of Barabanki District
Sex Ratio (1901-2011) of Barabanki District

According to the 2011 census Barabanki district has a population of 2,673,581,[30] roughly equal to the nation of Mauritania[31] or the US state of Iowa.[32] This gives it a ranking of 107th in India (out of a total of 640).[30] The district has a population density of 740 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,900/sq mi) .[30] Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 26.40%.[30] Barabanki has a sex ratio of 887 females for every 1000 males,[30] and a literacy rate of 47.39%.[30]

As per 'Provisional Population Totals Paper 1 of 2011 Uttar Pradesh Series 10' report of Census of India 2011,[33] Barabanki district stood at 28 position out of 71 districts of UP by having 1.63% population of state, in 2001 census it was at 32 position with 1.61% population; Barabanki District rose to 25 position with sex ratio of 908 in 2011 from that of 30 with sex ratio of 887 in 2001; density wise the district maintained its position at 46 although density in 2011 increased to 739 from that of 623 in 2001; the district was at 56 position in state with overall literacy rate of 63.76%. Indian census, 2011 in its 'Provisional Population Totals' report for Uttar Pradesh gives following stat for the district:[34]

Total Population Males Females Percentage Decadal Growth 2001-2011 Sex Ratio Density (persons per km2.) Child Population (0–6 years) Child Sex Ratio (0–6 years) Male Literacy Female Literacy Total Literacy
3,257,983 1,707,951 1,550,932 21.86 908 740 504,272 930 63.76 72.49 54.10

Annual Health Survey 2010-11[35] gave following stats for the district:

Crude Birth Rate Crude Death Rate Natural Growth Rate Infant Mortality Rate Neo-natal Mortality Rate Post Neo-natal Mortality Rate Under Five Mortality Rate Sex Ratio at Birth
♀/♂ 		Sex Ratio (0- 4 Years)
♀/♂ 		Sex Ratio (All Ages)
♀/♂
Total 26.0 7.6 18.4 71 55 16 95 930 922 893
Urban 26.4 7.7 18.7 72 57 15 97 936 933 896
Rural 21.1 6.1 15.0 - - - - 838 780 857

As per Annual Health Survey 2010-11[36] district's stats for wealth index were:

Lowest (20%) Highest (20%)
Total 33.8 7.1
Urban 35.2 4.9
Rural 10.3 42.9

As per AHS 2010-11,[37] district's effective literacy rate was 67.6 (Rural - 66.5, Urban - 80.9) for males it stood at 77.1 (Rural - 76.4, Urban - 85.8) and for females it was 56.9 (Rural - 55.3, Urban - 75.3). Also, 1.518% of total population had some kind of disability and rate of severe injury was 188 per 100,000 person while rate of major injury was 122 per 100,000 person and rate of minor injury stood at 423 per 100,000 person. Out of 100,000 person 691 were suffering from Diarrhoea/Dysentery, 966 out of 100,000 person were suffering from Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI), out of 100,000 person 3,698 suffered from some kind of Fever, 5,592 out of 100,000 suffered from one or another type of Acute Illness. 98.3% of persons suffering from Acute Illness were taking treatment from any source (6.6% taking treatment from Government Source). Out of 100,000 person 5036 were having some kind of Symptoms of Chronic Illness of which 83.1% sought Medical Care. 139 out of 100,000 person were suffering from Diabetes. 418 out of 100,000 person were suffering from Hypertension. 234 out of 100,000 person were suffering from Tuberculosis. 578 out of 100,000 person were suffering from Asthma/Chronic Respiratory Diseases. 801 out of 100,000 person were suffering from Arthritis. 4964 out of 100,000 person were suffering from any kind of Chronic Illness of which 45.5% were getting Regular Treatment (20.3% getting Regular Treatment from Government Source).

18.3% of population was having habit of chewing with tobacco while 1.1% were in habit of chewing without tobacco. 15% of population was having habit of smoking. 4.2% population was having habit of drinking alcohol.

Minority population is about 23% of the total population of the district. Barabanki is a category "A" district i.e. having socio-economic and basic amenities parameters below the national average.[38]

Religion

Religion in Barabanki district
Religion Percent
Hindus
  
 77.51%
Islam
  
 22.04%
Others
  
 0.55%

According to various religion-wise percentage of population in the district is Hindus 77.51, Muslims 22.04, Sikhs 0.12, Jains 0.11, Buddhists 0.09, Christians 0.08, others not specified 0.05. In U.P. the religion-wise percentage of population is Hindus 80.61, Muslims 18.50, Sikhs 0.41, Jains 0.12, Buddhists 0.18, Christians 0.13, Others not specified 0.05.[39]

Languages

Among many languages spoken in the district are Awadhi, a vernacular in the Hindi continuum spoken by over 38 million people, mainly in the Awadh region.[40]

Economy

Agriculture

Farmer with bullock cart

The district's economy is primarily based on agriculture.[41] Agriculture, bio-gas plants, animal husbandry, small-scale industries provide direct and indirect employment to the people of district.[42][43]

In Barabanki net irrigated area is 84.2 per cent as compared to U.P. 79.0 per cent. The intensity of irrigation in Barabanki is 176.9 per cent when it is 140.0 per cent in U.P. In district Barabanki irrigation facility is above the state average. In Barabanki most of irrigation is done by private Tubewells and canals, which are 69.0 and 29.9 per cent respectively, whereas in U.P. it is 87.9 and 20.9 per cent respectively. In Barabanki irrigation by state Tubewells and other sources like pond/river, etc. are comparatively less than the state average.

In district Barabanki subsistence agriculture is practiced. Farmers rotate up to five crops round the year.[44] The dominant crops are cereals mainly paddy and wheat covering 34.4 and 31.3 per cent respectively lands of gross cropped area, whereas in U.P., it is 23.1 and 40.6 per cent respectively. Overall in Barabanki, cereal crops occupy 68.4 per cent area when in U.P., it occupies 73.2 per cent area. In Barabanki overall pulses occupy 10.1 per cent, when in U.P., it is 11.6 per cent. Total foodgrains area in Barabanki is 78.5 per cent, when in U.P., it is 84.9 per cent. Area under sugarcane is quite less, i.e. 3.6 per cent, whereas in U.P., it is 9.5 per cent. Potato covers 2.8 per cent area, which is more than U.P., i.e. less than 2.0 per cent. Wheat, rice and maize are chief food crops of the district.[45][46] Opium, menthol oil, sugarcane, fruits (mango, banana, Mushroom, etc.), vegetables (potato, tomato, etc.) floweres (Gladiolus, etc.), spices, etc. are chief cash crops of district.[47][48][49][50][51][52] District also exports Mangoes and vegetables.[53]

Barabanki district is leading the country in menthol farming. Barabanki’s menthol cultivation is spread over 20,000 acres (81 km2).[53][54][55]

Livestock based farming system is also found in the district[56] Broiler farming is also done in the district.[50] Bee keeping is also practiced in the Dewa block of the district.[42][50] Fish cultivation is also prevalent in the district.[50]

District has Regional Agriculture Seed Testing & Demonstration Station of Department of Agriculture of government of India.[57]

In 2004 Indian Council of Agricultural Research's National Academy of Agricultural Research Management has established a Krishi Vigyan Kendra under Narendra Dev University of Agriculture and Technology in the district.[58] Institute for Integrated Society Development has established one Rural Technology Development and Dissemination Centre in the year 2002 at Nindura Block of Barabanki District.[42] National Fertilizers Limited has established a Soil Testing Lab in the district.[59] Information and Communication Technologies has a centre in the district.[60]

Cottage industry

Weaving products are apparels Scarfs, Shawls and Stoles, which have a good export market.[63] These products are broadly categorized into two segments:
  • Rayon fiber
  • Cotton yarn
Barabanki has emerged as an handkerchief production hub from where unfinished product is taken and supplied back after they are finished.[64] Scarves from Barabanki were displayed at the national handloom expo - 2013 held at Kozhikode from 16 February to 7 March 2013, national handloom expo is an exhibition to showcase diverse range of handloom products from different regions in the country.[65]
Zardozi- In 2013 the Geographical Indication Registry (GIR) accorded the Geographical Indication (GI) registration to the Lucknow Zardozi – the world-renowned textile embroidery from Lucknow. The Zardozi products manufactured in areas in Lucknow and six surrounding districts of Barabanki, Unnao, Sitapur, Rae Bareli, Hardoi and Amethi became a brand and can carry a registered logo to confirm their authenticity.[66]

Industry

There are 6 industrial areas in the District Barabanki,[67]

  1. UPSIDC, Kursi Road, Barabanki
  2. Industrial Area, Dewa Road, Barabanki
  3. Industrial Area, Rasool Panah, Fatehpur, Barabanki
  4. Mini Industrial Area, Ismailpur, Dewa, Barabanki
  5. Mini Industrial Area Amarsanda, Barabanki
  6. Mini Industrial Area Sohilpur, Harkh, Barabanki

Barabanki has following industries and factories:

The Company is engaged in manufacturing of polyester staple fibre, polyester, and tow with technology from Du Pont, USA.
Company has achieved ISO 9001,9002,9004,ISO9001:2000 QMS Certification and KVQA Certificate from Netherland for manufacture and supply of all types of medium and high quality superior Welding Electrodes for supply in the Indian Railways. It further owns a Wire-drawing unit and a Rice Mill.
4.4 km Dewa road, Somaiya Nagar, Barananki
Having solvent extraction plant & vegetable oil refinery (Saheli Brand).
Company has achieved ISO 9001:2000 QMS Certification from SWISO for manufacture and supply of Rubber to Metal Bonded and Extrusion Rubber Production and Ribber Moulded Items. The consultancy services were provided by TQ Vision, New Delhi.[71]

Solar power plant

The first 2 megawatt-capacity solar power plant project of Uttar Pradesh is situated in village Sandauli of Barabanki district, it was inaguarted on 10 May 2012 and become operational in January 2013.[72][73] The plant has been set up by company named Technical Associates Ltd.[74]

Banking

  • Allahabad Bank
  • Axis Bank
  • Andhra Bank
  • Bank of Baroda
  • Bank of India
  • Bank of Maharashtra
  • Canara Bank
  • Central Bank of India
  • Corporation Bank
  • Federal bank
  • HDFC BANK
  • Hindustan Co-operative Bank Ltd.
  • ICICI Bank
  • IDBI
  • Indian Bank
  • Indian Overseas Bank
  • Indusind Bank
  • Punjab and Sindh Bank
  • Punjab National Bank
  • State Bank of India
  • Syndicate Bank
  • Union Bank of India
  • UCO Bank
  • Vijya Bank
  • Yes bank
  • District Co-operative Bank Ltd.

Culture

Cultural heritage

In 2011-12 more than 19.57 lakh visitors visited twin sites of Deva Sharif shrine and Mahadeva temple.[75]

Notable personalities

Royalty

Notable royals in Barabanki's history include:

Sports

Notable athletes from Barabanki include:

Literary

Sant
Sufi
who not only won the recognition of his contemporaries but who exerted after his death one of the most powerful influences in Awadh spiritual history.[78][79]
Urdu/Persian (19th century)
principal Sadr Amin at the British court in Meerut. He was also author of Tathir al-mu'minin 'an najasat al-mushrikin.[80][81][82]
son of Mufti Syed Quli Khan Kintoori author of book Abaqat ul Anwar fi Imamat al Ai'imma al-Athar.[80][83][84][85][86]
Urdu and Persian (20th century)

Majaz lucknowi is prominent Urdu poet from barabanki, he hails from rudauli and maternal uncle of famous lyricist Javed Akhtar.

Politicians

Others

originally belongs to village Muhammadpur, Tehsil Fatehpur, is an internationally known historian,[93][94] author[95] and ex-Vice-Chancellor of Jamia Millia Islamia University at Delhi.[96]

Education

Schools and intermediate colleges

Degree colleges

Engineering colleges

Polytechnic institute

Medical/Dental hospitals and colleges

Other professional institutions

Research institutions

Health services

Hospitals

Nursing homes

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Gazetteer of the province of Oudh, BARA BANKI DISTRICT ARTICLE #226-263  This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  2. 1 2 3  One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Bara Banki". Encyclopædia Britannica. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 379.
  3. ↑ "District Statistics". Barabanki.nic.in. 1954-04-01. Retrieved 2013-12-30.
  4. ↑ Wickens, Gerald E.; Pat Lowe (2008). The Baobabs: Pachycauls of Africa, Madagascar and Australia. Springer Science+Business Media. p. 61. ISBN 978-1-4020-6430-2.
  5. ↑ Kameshwar, G. (2006). Bend in the Sarayu: A Soota Chronicle. Rupa & Co. p. 159. ISBN 978-81-291-0942-2.
  6. ↑ Uttar Pradesh District Gazetteers: Bara Banki. Government of Uttar Pradesh. 1993. p. 21. OCLC 7625267.
  7. ↑ Gazetteer of the province of Oudh; By Oudh, William Charles Benett. Books.google.com. Retrieved 2013-12-30.
  8. ↑ The Garden of India; Or, Chapters on Oudh History and Affairs By Henry Crossley Irwin, #106  This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  9. ↑ The Garden of India; Or, Chapters on Oudh History and Affairs By Henry Crossley Irwin, #67  This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  10. ↑ The Garden of India; Or, Chapters on Oudh History and Affairs By Henry Crossley Irwin, #76  This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  11. ↑ The geography of British India, political & physical By George Smith
  12. ↑ "barabanki.nic.in, History, ORIGIN OF NAME OF DISTRICT". Barabanki.nic.in. Retrieved 2013-12-30.
  13. 1 2 3 Report of the regular settlement of the Bara Banki district By Francis Edward A. Chamier, Settlement Officer, Bara Banki, 18 January 1871  This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  14. ↑ The report on the census of OUDH, OUDH Government Press, 1869  This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  15. ↑ The Garden of India; Or, Chapters on Oudh History and Affairs By Henry Crossley Irwin, #23  This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  16. ↑ "छोटे-बड़े आंदोलनों में सहभागी बने थे बाराबंकीवासी (Hindi)". Dainik Jagran. 13 August 2012. Retrieved 16 August 2012.
  17. ↑ Rakesh Ranjan Bakshi (1992). Quit India movement in U.P.: sabotage, bomb, and conspiracy cases. NP Publishers. p. 45. Retrieved 2013-06-30.
  18. ↑ "Restoration Plan of Gomti River with Designated Best Use Classification of Surface Water Quality based on River Expedition, Monitoring and Quality Assessment" (PDF). Retrieved 2013-12-30.
  19. ↑ Optimum Utilisation of Surface Water and Ground Water Potential Using Fuzzy Approach, XXXII National Systems Conference, NSC 2008, 17–19 December 2008
  20. 1 2 3 4 "District Barabanki". Whereincity.com. 1905-04-07. Retrieved 2013-12-30.
  21. ↑ "Chief Electoral Officeer, Uttar Pradesh: Information and Statistics: AC's,PC's Booths: Assembly Constituencies: 266-Kursi". Ceouttarpradesh.nic.in. Retrieved 2013-12-30.
  22. ↑ "Chief Electoral Officeer, Uttar Pradesh: Information and Statistics: AC's,PC's Booths: Assembly Constituencies: 267-Ram Nagar". Ceouttarpradesh.nic.in. Retrieved 2013-12-30.
  23. ↑ "Chief Electoral Officeer, Uttar Pradesh: Information and Statistics: AC's,PC's Booths: Assembly Constituencies: 268-Barabanki". Ceouttarpradesh.nic.in. Retrieved 2013-12-30.
  24. ↑ "Chief Electoral Officeer, Uttar Pradesh: Information and Statistics: AC's,PC's Booths: Assembly Constituencies: 269-Zaidpur". Ceouttarpradesh.nic.in. Retrieved 2013-12-30.
  25. ↑ "Chief Electoral Officeer, Uttar Pradesh: Information and Statistics: AC's,PC's Booths: Assembly Constituencies: 272-Haidergarh". Ceouttarpradesh.nic.in. Retrieved 2013-12-30.
  26. ↑ "Chief Electoral Officeer, Uttar Pradesh: Information and Statistics: AC's,PC's Booths: Assembly Constituencies: 270-Dariyabad". Ceouttarpradesh.nic.in. Retrieved 2013-12-30.
  27. ↑ "Chief Electoral Officeer, Uttar Pradesh: Information and Statistics: AC's,PC's Booths: Assembly Constituencies: 271-Rudauli". Ceouttarpradesh.nic.in. Retrieved 2013-12-30.
  28. 1 2 "Political Scene of the district". Barabanki.nic.in. Retrieved 2013-12-30.
  29. ↑ UPSRTC History
  30. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Basic Data Sheet" (PDF). censusindia.gov.in. 2011. Retrieved 2011-12-25.
  31. ↑ US Directorate of Intelligence. "Country Comparison:Population". Retrieved 2011-10-01. Mauritania 3,281,634 - July 2011 est.
  32. ↑ "2010 Resident Population Data". U. S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 19 October 2013. Retrieved 2011-09-30. Iowa 3,046,355
  33. ↑ http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/data_files/up/Census2011UttarPradeshPaper1.pdf
  34. ↑ "Census of India 2011 - Provisional Population Totals - Uttar Pradesh - Data Sheet" (PDF). Government of India, Ministry of Home Affairs, Vital Statistics Division. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. 2011. pp. 1 & 2. Retrieved 16 August 2012.
  35. ↑ "ANNUAL HEALTH SURVEY BULLETIN 2010-11 UTTAR PRADESH" (PDF). Government of India, Ministry of Home Affairs, Vital Statistics Division. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. 2011. pp. 1 & 2. Retrieved 16 August 2012.
  36. ↑ "ANNUAL HEALTH SURVEY 2010-11 FACT SHEET Uttar Pradesh" (PDF). Government of India, Ministry of Home Affairs, Vital Statistics Division. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. 2011. p. 32. Retrieved 28 August 2012.
  37. ↑ "ANNUAL HEALTH SURVEY 2010-11 FACT SHEET Uttar Pradesh" (PDF). Government of India, Ministry of Home Affairs, Vital Statistics Division. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. 2011. pp. 41, 56, 59, 61, 63. Retrieved 28 August 2012.
  38. ↑ MINUTES OF THE 34th MEETING OF EMPOWERED COMMITTEE TO CONSIDER AND APPROVE REVISED PLAN FOR BALANCE FUND FOR THE DISTRICTS OF GHAZIABAD, BAREILLY, BARABANKI, SIDDHARTH NAGAR, SHAHJANPUR, MORADABAD, MUZAFFAR NAGAR, BAHRAICH AND LUCKNOW (UTTAR PRADESH) UNDER MULTI-SECTORAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME IN MINORITY CONCENTRATION DISTRICTS HELD ON 22nd JULY, 2010 AT 11.00 A.M. UNDER THE CHAIRMANSHIP OF SECRETARY, MINISTRY OF MINORITY AFFAIRS. F. No. 3/64/2010-PP-I, GOVERNMENT OF INDIA, MINISTRY OF MINORITY AFFAIRS
  39. ↑ Prof S S A Jafri (February 2008). "Baseline survey in the minority concentrated districts of Uttar Pradesh: Report of District Barabanki" (PDF). Ministry of Minority Affairs, Govt. of India. Retrieved 2013-07-04.
  40. ↑ M. Paul Lewis, ed. (2009). "Awadhi: A language of India". Ethnologue: Languages of the World (16th ed.). Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Retrieved 2011-09-28.
  41. ↑ "Introduction BARABANKI DISTRICT" (PDF). Retrieved 2013-12-30.
  42. 1 2 3 "Rural Development". Iisdindia.org. Retrieved 2013-12-30.
  43. ↑ Success story of a project implemented in 4 blocks of Barabanki and Raebareli districts of U.P. India for improving Livelihood Security through Livestock based Farming System
  44. ↑ A Full Round Meal, Outlook India, Business/Cover Stories, 13 Apr 2009
  45. ↑ Use of mint essential oil as an agrichemical: Control of N-loss in crop fields by using mint essential oil-coated urea as fertilizer
  46. ↑ Sub-programme on Maize-based Cropping Systems for Food Security in India under GOI-UNDP Food Security Programme
  47. ↑ UP district to emerge as menthol oil hub, 8 September 2008, 5:41 IST
  48. ↑ Low Returns And A Rigid Govt Policy Alienating Opium Farmers Of Barabanki, TNN, 26 Jul 2010, 05.18am IST
  49. ↑ STATEMENT OF AEZ NODAL OFFICERS (UPDATED), The Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA)
  50. 1 2 3 4 List of Progressive/Innovative Farmers of Zone-IV, Kanpur
  51. ↑ IISR Newsletter, INDIAN INSTITUTE OF SUGARCANE RESEARCH, LUCKNOW, Vol. 16 No. 2, JULY 2009
  52. ↑ Traditionally a Potato growing area becomes a new leaf for Gen. Nxt. "BANANA CROP", SPSingh , Ghaziabad: 15 Nov 2009
  53. 1 2 Characteristics of menthol mint Mentha arvensis cultivated on industrial scale in the Indo-Gangetic plains, R. K. Srivastava, A. K. Singh, A. Kalra, V. K. S. Tomar, R. P. Bansal, D. D. Patra, S. Chand, A. A. Naqvi, S. Sharma and Sushil Kumar, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), PO CIMAP, Lucknow 226 015, India, Revised 9 October 2001. Available online 20 November 2001.
  54. ↑ India emerges top in global menthol mint production and export
  55. ↑ Menthol Production in India
  56. ↑ Holistic Approach for improving Livelihood Security through Livestock based Farming System in Barabanki and Raebareli districts of U.P.
  57. ↑ Seed Testing Laboratories in India
  58. ↑ Uttar Pradesh & Uttarakhand - Krishi Vigyan Kendra
  59. ↑ National Fertilizers Limited
  60. ↑ Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in Agriculture - Indian Private Sector Perspective
  61. ↑ Recommendation of the Project Sanctioning Committee (PSC) on the Project Proposals Considered in the Meeting Held on 22-24 December 2009 Under Step Scheme
  62. ↑ Handloom industry
  63. ↑ Bulletin: Some new designs of handloom clusters..., An in-house monthly magazine published from National Institute for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (ni-msme) [Formerly known as National Institute of Small Industry Extension Training (nisiet)] (An Organisation of the Ministry of MSME, Government of India); Volume 8, Issue 3, March 2009
  64. ↑ Handkerchief business generating employment in Uttar Pradesh, 2010-12-27 17:10:00
  65. ↑ "National handloom expo to open Saturday". Indian Express. 15 February 2013. Retrieved 15 February 2013.
  66. ↑ "Lucknow zardozi gets GI registration". The Business Standard. 24 April 2013. Retrieved 10 July 2013.
  67. ↑ MSME-DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE,KANPUR. "Brief Industrial Profile of Barabanki District" (PDF). Ministry of MSME, Govt. of India. Retrieved 2013-07-04.
  68. ↑ India PolyFibres Limited
  69. ↑ Annual Report 1999-2000, Department of Science and Technology, GOI
  70. ↑ J.R. Agro Industries Limited
  71. ↑ TQ Vision
  72. ↑ "First 2 MW solar power plant of Uttar Pradesh switched on". Times of India. 11 May 2012. Retrieved 13 February 2013.
  73. ↑ Bisht, Arvind Singh (13 February 2013). "Next big move in UP, energy from the sun". Times of India. Retrieved 13 February 2013.
  74. ↑ Mishra, Ashish (31 January 2012). "At three-day industry meet in Agra, Akhilesh hard sells UP to prospective investors with sops and six new policies". India Today. Retrieved 13 February 2013.
  75. ↑ Lucknow low on agenda of tourists visiting UP
  76. 1 2 3
  77. ↑ "Atul wins bronze, creates history". Kolkata: The Hindu. 26 August 2014. Retrieved 27 August 2014. Atul Verma won India its first Olympic archery medal — a bronze — at the Youth Olympic Games at Nanjing on Tuesday. The boy from Barabanki (Uttar Pradesh) ...
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  79. ↑ Sheikh Hussainuddin, (1937). Tazkira-e-Fani, the life and times of Shah Abdur Razzaq, "Al-Maktaba-e-Monamia".
  80. 1 2 Roots of North Indian Shi‘ism in Iran and Iraq Religion and State in Awadh, 1722-1859, by J. R. I. Cole, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS Berkeley · Los Angeles · Oxford
  81. ↑ Sacred Space and Holy War The Politics, Culture and History of Shi`ite Islam Archived 18 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine. by Juan Cole, I.B.Tauris Publishers, London · New York
  82. ↑ Dar al-Kitab Jazayeri
  83. 1 2 Islam, politics, and social movements By Edmund Burke, Ervand Abrahamian, Ira M. Lapidus
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  85. ↑ Mir Hamid Hussain and his famous piece Abaqat al-anwar
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  87. ↑ "Personalities: Literary". The Official Website of Barabanki. Ministry of Communication & Information Technology, Government of India; Barabanki-225001. Retrieved 20 July 2010.
  88. ↑ Darul Musannefin Shibli Academy –The First Decade
  89. ↑ #1
  90. ↑ From Khomein, A biography of the Ayatollah, 14 June 1999, The Iranian
  91. ↑ The Columbia world dictionary of Islamism By Olivier Roy, Antoine Sfeir
  92. ↑ Khomeini: life of the Ayatollah, Volume 1999 By Baqer Moin
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  97. 1 2 "Natural Biodiversity". doi:10.1300/J411v20n01_12#.Ur69KMQwp9M (inactive 2016-09-22). Retrieved 28 December 2013.

External links

Sitapur district Sitapur district, Bahraich district Gonda district
Lucknow district Faizabad district
   Barabanki district  
Lucknow district Rae Bareli district Sultanpur district
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