List of Members of the United States House of Representatives in the 13th Congress by seniority

This is a complete list of members of the United States House of Representatives during the 13th United States Congress listed by seniority. For the most part, representatives are ranked by the beginning of their terms in office.

As an historical article, the districts and party affiliations listed reflect those during the 13th Congress (March 4, 1813 – March 3, 1815). Seats and party affiliations on similar lists for other Congresses will be different for certain members.

This article describes the criteria for seniority in the House of Representatives and sets out the list of members by seniority. It is prepared on the basis of the interpretation of seniority applied to the House of Representatives in the current congress. In the absence of information to the contrary, it is presumed that the twenty-first-century practice is identical to the seniority customs used during the 13th Congress.[1]

House seniority

Seniority in the House, for Congressmen with unbroken service, depends on the date on which the members first term began. That date is either the start of the Congress (4th March in odd numbered years, for the era up to and including the 73rd Congress starting in 1933) or the date of a special election during the Congress. Since many members start serving on the same day as others, ranking between them is based on alphabetical order by the last name of the congressman.

Congressmen, in early Congresses, were often elected after the legal start of the Congress. Such representatives are attributed with unbroken seniority, from the legal start of the congressional term, if they were the first person elected to a seat in a Congress. The date of the election is indicated in a note.

The seniority date is normally taken from the members entry in the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, except where the date given is the legal start of the Congress and the actual election (for someone who was not the first person elected to the seat in that Congress) was later. The date of election is taken from United States Congressional Elections 1788-1997. In a few instances the latter work provides dates, for the start and end of terms, which correct those in the Biographical Directory.

The Biographical Directory normally uses the date of a special election, as the seniority date. However, mostly in early Congresses, the date of the member taking his seat can be the one given. The date of the special election is mentioned in a note to the list below, when that date is not used as the seniority date by the Biographical Directory.

Representatives who returned to the House, after having previously served, are credited with service equal to one less than the total number of terms they served. When a representative has served a prior term of less than two terms (i.e. prior term minus one equals less than one), he is ranked above all others whose service begins on the same day.

Leadership

In this Congress the only formal leader was the Speaker of the House. A Speakership ballot was held on May 24, 1813 and Henry Clay (DR-KY) was re-elected for a second consecutive term.

CandidateBallot
Henry Clay (DR-KY)89
Timothy Pitkin (F-CT)54
scattering5

Speaker Clay resigned on January 19, 1814. On the same day the House held a ballot, which resulted in the election of Langdon Cheves (DR-SC) as the new Speaker.

CandidateBallot
Langdon Cheves (DR-SC)94
Felix Grundy (DR-TN)59
scattering12

The title Dean of the House (sometimes known, in the nineteenth century, as Father of the House) was held by the member with the longest continuous service. It was not a leadership position.

Standing Committees

The House created its first standing committee, on April 13, 1789. There were nine standing committees, listed in the rules initially used by the 13th Congress. Three additional committees were added during the Congress.

Committees, in this period, were appointed for a session at a time by the Speaker.

This list refers to the standing committees of the House in the 13th Congress, the year of establishment as a standing committee, the number of members assigned to the committee and the dates of appointment in each session, the end of the session and its chairman. Chairmen, who were re-appointed after serving in the previous Congress, are indicated by an *. [2]

The first session was May 24, 1813-August 2, 1813 (71 days), the second session was December 6, 1813-April 8, 1814 (134 days) and the third session was September 19, 1814-March 3, 1815 (166 days).

No.CommitteeFromMbrsAppointedChairman
1Accounts18053May 26, 1813-August 2, 1813Israel Pickens (DR-NC)
December 7, 1813-April 8, 1814Nicholas R. Moore (DR-MD)
September 21, 1814-March 3, 1815John Kershaw (DR-SC)
2Claims17947May 26, 1813-August 2, 1813Stevenson Archer (DR-MD)
December 7, 1813-April 8, 1814
September 21, 1814-March 3, 1815Bartlett Yancey (DR-NC)
3Commerce and Manufactures17957May 26, 1813-August 2, 1813*Thomas Newton, Jr. (DR-VA)
December 7, 1813-April 8, 1814
September 21, 1814-March 3, 1815
4District of Columbia18087May 26, 1813-August 2, 1813John Dawson (DR-VA)
December 7, 1813-April 8, 1814Joseph Kent (DR-MD)
September 21, 1814-March 3, 1815
5Elections17897May 26, 1813-August 2, 1813James Fisk (DR-VT)
December 9, 1813-April 8, 1814
September 21, 1814-March 3, 1815
6Judiciary18137December 7, 1813-April 8, 1814Charles J. Ingersoll (DR-PA)
September 21, 1814-March 3, 1815
7Pensions and Revolutionary Claims1813723 December, 1813-April 8, 1814Samuel D. Ingham (DR-PA)
September 21, 1814-March 3, 1815John J. Chappell (DR-SC)
8Post Office and Post Roads18087May 26, 1813-August 2, 1813*John Rhea (DR-TN)
December 7, 1813-April 8, 1814
September 21, 1814-March 3, 1815
9Public Expenditures1814726 February, 1814-April 8, 1814James Pleasants (DR-VA)
September 21, 1814-March 3, 1815Nathaniel Macon (DR-NC)
10Public Lands18057May 26, 1813-August 2, 1813Samuel McKee (DR-KY)
December 7, 1813-April 8, 1814
September 21, 1814-March 3, 1815
11Revisal and Unfinished Business17953May 26, 1813-August 2, 1813Willis Alston (DR-NC)
December 7, 1813-April 8, 1814Lewis Condict (DR-NJ)
September 21, 1814-March 3, 1815Richard Stanford (DR-NC)
12Ways and Means18027May 26, 1813-August 2, 1813John W. Eppes (DR-VA)
December 7, 1813-April 8, 1814
September 21, 1814-March 3, 1815

List of Representatives by seniority

A numerical rank is assigned to each of the 182 members initially elected to the 13th Congress. Other members, who were not the first person elected to a seat but who joined the House during the Congress, are not assigned a number.

Seven Representatives-elect were not sworn in, as five died and two resigned. The list below includes the Representatives-elect (with name in italics), with the seniority they would have held if sworn in.

Party designations used in this article are DR for Democratic-Republican members and F for Federalist representatives. Designations used for service in the first three congresses are (A) for Anti-Administration members and (P) for Pro-Administration representatives.

U.S. House Seniority
RankRepresentativePartyDistrictSeniority dateNotes
Twelve consecutive terms
1Nathaniel MaconDRNC-6March 4, 1791 (A) 1791-95. Elected to this Congress: May 1, 1813. Dean of the House. Chairman: Public Expenditures (1814–15).
Ten non-consecutive terms
2William FindleyDRPA-11March 4, 1803 Previously served (A) 1791-95 and (DR) 1795-99 while as a member of the House.
Nine consecutive terms
3John DawsonDRVA-11March 4, 1797 Elected to this Congress: April 1813. Chairman: District of Columbia (1813). Died on March 31, 1814 while still serving as a member of the House.
4Richard StanfordDRNC-8 Elected to this Congress: May 1, 1813. Chairman: Revisal and Unfinished Business (1814–15).
5Robert BrownDRPA-6December 4, 1798 Last term while serving as a member of the House.
Nine non-consecutive terms
6John CloptonDRVA-23March 4, 1801 Previously served (DR) 1795-99 while as a member of the House. Elected to this Congress: April 1813.
7John SmilieDRPA-13March 4, 1799 Previously served (A) 1793-95 while as a member of the House. Died as Representative-elect: December 30, 1812. [3]
Eight consecutive terms
8Willis AlstonDRNC-2March 4, 1799 Elected to this Congress: May 1, 1813. Chairman: Revisal and Unfinished Business (1813). Last term while as a member of the House until 19th Congress.
9John DavenportFCT-al
Eight non-consecutive terms
10David BardDRPA-9March 4, 1803 Previously served (DR) 1795-99 while as a member of the House.
Seven consecutive terms
11Thomas Newton, Jr.DRVA-21March 4, 1801 Elected to this Congress: April 1813. Chairman: Commerce and Manufactures.
12John SmithDRVA-3 Elected to this Congress: April 1813. Last term while serving as a member of the House.
13Benjamin TallmadgeFCT-alSeptember 21, 1801
Six consecutive terms
14Peterson GoodwynDRVA-19March 4, 1803 Elected to this Congress: April 1813
15Joseph Lewis, Jr.FVA-8
16John RheaDRTN-1 Elected to this Congress: April 1-2, 1813. Chairman: Post Office and Post Roads. Last term while serving as a member of the House until 15th Congress.
17Samuel TaggartFMA-6
Five consecutive terms
18William ElyFMA-5March 4, 1805 Last term while serving as a member of the House until 15th Congress.
19Charles GoldsboroughFMD-8
20Jonathan O. MoseleyFCT-al
21Timothy PitkinFCT-alSeptember 16, 1805
22Lewis B. SturgesFCT-al
23Robert WhitehillDRPA-5November 7, 1805 Died as Representative-elect: April 8, 1813 [4]
24William A. BurwellDRVA-14December 1, 1806 Elected to this Congress: April 1813
25William W. BibbDRGA-alJanuary 26, 1807 Resigned, to become US Senator: November 6, 1813
Five non-consecutive terms
26John W. EppesDRVA-16March 4, 1813 Previously served (DR) 1803-11 while as a member of the House. Elected to this Congress: April 1813. Chairman: Ways and Means. Last term while serving as a member of the House.
27Nicholas R. MooreDRMD-5 Previously served (DR) 1803-11. Chairman: Accounts (1813–14). Last term while serving as a member of the House (elected to 14th Congress but did not serve).
28John G. JacksonDRVA-1 Previously served (DR) 1803-September 28, 1810 while as a member of the House. Elected to this Congress: April 1813.
Four consecutive terms
29Epaphroditus ChampionFCT-alMarch 4, 1807
30Joseph DeshaDRKY-4
31Meshack FranklinDRNC-13 Last term while serving as a member of the House
32Richard M. JohnsonDRKY-3
33George M. TroupDRGA-al Last term while still serving in the House.
34Thomas Gholson, Jr.DRVA-18November 7, 1808 Elected to this Congress: April 1813
35Richard Jackson, Jr.FRI-alNovember 11, 1808 Last term while serving as a member of the House.
Four non-consecutive terms
36James FiskDRVT-alMarch 4, 1811 Previously served (DR) 1805-09 while as a member of the House. Chairman: Elections. Last term while serving as a member of the House.
37Elisha R. PotterFRI-alMarch 4, 1809 Previously served (F) November 15, 1796-97. Last term while serving as a member of the House.
Three consecutive terms
38William AndersonDRPA-1March 4, 1809 Last term while serving as a member of the House until 15th Congress
39James BreckinridgeFVA-5 Elected to this Congress: April 1813
40William CrawfordDRPA-5
41Jacob HuftyFNJ-3 (DR) 1809-13. Died on May 20, 1814 while still serving as a member of the House.
42Aaron LyleDRPA-12
43Samuel McKeeDRKY-7 Chairman: Public Lands
44Alexander McKimDRMD-5 Last term while serving as a member of the House.
45Joseph PearsonFNC-10 Elected to this Congress: May 1, 1813. Last term while serving as a member of the House.
46John RoaneDRVA-12 Elected to this Congress: April 1813. Last term while serving as a member of the House until 20th Congress.
47Ebenezer SageDRNY-1 Last term while serving as a member of the House (as did not qualify in 16th Congress)
48Daniel SheffeyFVA-6 Elected to this Congress: April 1813
49Laban WheatonFMA-9
50Adam SeybertDRPA-1October 10, 1809 Last term while serving as a member of the House until 15th Congress
51Abijah BigelowFMA-11October 8, 1810 Last term while serving as a member of the House.
52Samuel RinggoldDRMD-4October 15, 1810 Last term while serving as a member of the House until 15th Congress
53Robert WrightDRMD-7November 29, 1810
54Langdon ChevesDRSC-1December 31, 1810 Speaker of the House (1814–15). Last term while serving as a member of the House.
Three non-consecutive terms
55Egbert BensonFNY-2March 4, 1813 Previously served (P) 1789-93 while serving as a member of the House. Resigned while still serving as a member of the House: August 2, 1813.
56James SchuremanFNJ-2 Previously served (P) 1789-91 and (F) 1797-99 while as a member of the House. Last term while still serving as a member of the House.
57John SevierDRTN-2March 4, 1811 Previously served (NC-P) June 16, 1790-91 while as a member of the House. Elected to this Congress: April 1-2, 1813.
58Elias EarleDRSC-7 Previously served September 27, 1806-07. Last term while serving as a member of the House until 15th Congress.
59John CulpepperFNC-7March 4, 1813 Previously served (F) 1807-January 2, 1808 and February 23, 1808-09 while as a member of the House. Elected to this Congress: May 1, 1813.
Two consecutive terms
60Daniel AveryDRNY-20March 4, 1811 Last term while serving as a member of the House until seated in 14th Congress
61Elijah BrighamFMA-10
62John C. CalhounDRSC-6
63Henry ClayDRKY-2 Speaker of the House (1813–14). Resigned while still serving as a member of the House: January 19, 1814. Last term while serving as a member of the House until 14th Congress.
64Lewis CondictDRNJ-1 Chairman: Revisal and Unfinished Business (1813–14)
65Roger DavisDRPA-2 Last term while serving as a member of the House.
66Felix GrundyDRTN-5 Elected to this Congress: April 1-2, 1813. Resigned while serving as a member of the House: July 1814.
67Bolling HallDRGA-al
68Aylett HawesDRVA-10 Elected to this Congress: April 1813
69John M. HynemanDRPA-7 Resigned while serving as a member of the House: August 2, 1813
70Joseph KentDRMD-2 Chairman: District of Columbia (1813–15). Last term while serving as a member of the House until 16th Congress.
71William R. KingDRNC-5
72Abner LacockDRPA-15 Resigned, as Representative-elect: February 24, 1813 [5]
73Lyman LawFCT-al
74William LowndesDRSC-2
75William McCoyDRVA-4 Elected to this Congress: April 1813
76Hugh NelsonDRVA-22
77Israel PickensDRNC-12 Elected to this Congress: May 1, 1813. Chairman: Accounts (1813).
78William PiperDRPA-8
79James PleasantsDRVA-17 Elected to this Congress: April 1813. Chairman: Public Expenditures (1814).
80William ReedFMA-2 Last term while serving as a member of the House.
81Henry M. RidgelyFDE-al
82Jonathan RobertsDRPA-2 Resigned to become US Senator: February 24, 1814
83William StrongDRVT-al Last term while serving as a member of the House until 16th Congress
84Philip StuartFMD-1
85Stevenson ArcherDRMD-6October 26, 1811 Chairman: Claims (1813–14)
86William M. RichardsonDRMA-4November 4, 1811 Resigned while serving as a member of the House: April 18, 1814
87Thomas B. RobertsonDRLA-alApril 30, 1812
88John P. HungerfordDRVA-9March 4, 1813 Previously served (DR) March 4-November 29, 1811 while as a member of the House. Elected to this Congress: April 1813.
89William BarnettDRGA-alOctober 5, 1812 Last term while serving as a member of the House.
90Thomas P. GrosvenorFNY-5January 29, 1813
91William KennedyDRNC-3January 30, 1813 Previously served (DR) 1803-05 while as a member of the House. Elected to this Congress: May 1, 1813. Last term while serving as a member of the House.
Two non-consecutive terms
92Jonathan FiskDRNY-6March 4, 1813 Previously served (DR) 1809-11 while as a member of the House.
93William HaleFNH-al Previously served (F) 1809-11 while as a member of the House.
94William BayliesFMA-7 Previously served (F) March 4-June 28, 1809 while as a member of the House.
One term
95John AlexanderDROH-2March 4, 1813
96Thomas M. BaylyFVA-13 Elected to this Congress: April 1813. Only term while serving as a member of the House.
97John H. BowenDRTN-4 Elected to this Congress: April 1-2, 1813. Only term while serving as a member of the House.
98Alexander BoydFNY-13 Only term while serving as a member of the House.
99George BradburyFMA-15
100William C. BradleyDRVT-al Only term while serving as a member of the House until 18th Congress
101Ezra ButlerDRVT-al Only term while serving as a member of the House.
102James CaldwellDROH-4
103Hugh CapertonFVA-7 Elected to this Congress: April 1813. Only term while serving as a member of the House.
104John J. ChappellDRSC-4 Chairman: Pensions and Revolutionary Claims (1814–15)
105Bradbury CilleyFNH-al
106James ClarkDRKY-1
107Oliver C. ComstockDRNY-20
108John ConardDRPA-1 Only term while serving as a member of the House.
109Thomas CooperFDE-al
110William Coxe, Jr.FNJ-3 Only term while serving as a member of the House.
111Samuel DavisFMA-16
112Peter DenoyellesDRNY-3
113Daniel DeweyFMA-12 Resigned while still serving as a member of the House: February 24, 1814
114William DowseFNY-15 Died, as Representative-elect: February 18, 1813 [6]
115William P. DuvalDRKY-10 Only term while serving as a member of the House.
116John S. EdwardsFOH-6 Died, as Representative-elect: February 22, 1813 [7]
117David R. EvansDRSC-5 Only term while serving as a member of the House.
118Samuel FarrowDRSC-8
119Peter ForneyDRNC-11 Elected to this Congress: May 1, 1813. Only term.
120John ForsythDRGA-al
121William GastonFNC-4 Elected to this Congress: May 1, 1813
122James GeddesFNY-19 Only term while serving as a member of the House.
123Hugh GlasgowDRPA-4
124John GloningerFPA-3 Resigned while still serving as a member of the House: August 2, 1813
125Theodore GourdinDRSC-3 Only term while serving as a member of the House.
126Alexander C. HansonFMD-3
127Thomas K. HarrisDRTN-3 Elected to this Congress: April 1-2, 1813. Only term while serving as a member of the House.
128Abraham J. HasbrouckDRNY-7 Only term while serving as a member of the House.
129Samuel HopkinsDRKY-5
130Samuel M. HopkinsFNY-21
131Nathaniel W. HowellFNY-22
132Levi HubbardDRMA-20
133Parry W. HumphreysDRTN-6 Elected to this Congress: April 1-2, 1813. Only term while serving as a member of the House.
134Charles J. IngersollDRPA-1 Chairman: Judiciary. Only term while serving as a member of the House until 27th Congress.
135Samuel D. InghamDRPA-6 Chairman: Pensions and Revolutionary Claims (1813–14)
136Jared IrwinDRPA-10
137James JohnsonDRVA-20 Elected to this Congress: April 1813
138Moss KentFNY-18
139John KerrDRVA-15 Elected to this Congress: April 1813. Only term while serving as a member of the House until 14th Congress.
140John KershawDRSC-9 Only term while serving as a member of the House.
141James KilbourneDROH-5
142Cyrus KingFMA-14
143John LeffertsDRNY-1 Only term while serving as a member of the House.
144John LovettFNY-9
145Jacob MarkellFNY-14 Only term while serving as a member of the House.
146Duncan McArthurDROH-3 Resigned, as Representative-elect: April 5, 1813. Only term until 18th Congress. [8]
147John McLeanDROH-1
148Morris S. MillerFNY-16 Only term while serving as a member of the House.
149Hosea MoffittFNY-10
150Thomas MontgomeryDRKY-9 Only term while serving as a member of the House until 16th Congress
151William H. MurfreeDRNC-1 Elected to this Congress: May 1, 1813
152Thomas J. OakleyFNY-4 Only term while serving as a member of the House until 20th Congress
153James ParkerDRMA-19 Only term while serving as a member of the House until 16th Congress
154Timothy PickeringFMA-3
155Jotham Post, Jr.FNY-2 Only term while serving as a member of the House
156John Reed, Jr.FMA-8
157Charles RichDRVT-al Only term while serving as a member of the House until 15th Congress
158Nathaniel RugglesFMA-13
159Solomon P. SharpDRKY-6
160Samuel SherwoodFNY-8 Only term while serving as a member of the House
161Zebulon R. ShipherdFNY-12
162John SimpsonDRKY-8 Died, as Representative-elect: January 22, 1813 [9]
163Richard SkinnerDRVT-al Only term while still serving in the House.
164Isaac SmithDRPA-10
165Samuel SmithFNH-al
166William S. SmithFNY-17 Only term while serving as a member of the House (elected to 14th Congress but did not qualify)
167Richard StocktonFNJ-2 Only term while serving as a member of the House.
168Adamson TannehillDRPA-14
169John W. TaylorDRNY-11
170Thomas TelfairDRGA-al
171Joel ThompsonFNY-15 Only term while serving as a member of the House
172Roger VoseFNH-al
173Artemas Ward, Jr.FMA-1
174Thomas WardDRNJ-1
175Daniel WebsterFNH-al
176Francis WhiteFVA-2 Elected to this Congress: April 1813. Only term.
177James WhitehillDRPA-3 Resigned while still serving as a member of the House: September 1, 1814
178Jeduthun WilcoxFNH-al
179John WilsonFMA-18 Only term while serving as a member of the House until 15th Congress
180Elisha I. WinterFNY-12 Only term while serving as a member of the House
181Abiel WoodDRMA-17
182Bartlett YanceyDRNC-9 Elected to this Congress: May 1, 1813. Chairman: Claims (1814–15).
Members joining the House, after the start of the Congress [10]
...Reasin BeallDROH-6April 20, 1813 Special election. Resigned: June 7, 1814.
...Stephen OrmsbyDRKY-8 Previously served (DR) 1811-13. Special election: April 29, 1813.
...William Creighton, Jr.DROH-3May 4, 1813 Special election: May 10, 1813
...Thomas WilsonDRPA-15 Special election
...John ReaDRPA-5May 11, 1813 Previously served (DR) 1803-11 while as a member of the House. Special election. Last term while serving as a member of the House.
...Isaac GriffinDRPA-13May 24, 1813 Special election: February 16, 1813
...John M. BowersFNY-15May 26, 1813 Special election: April 27-29, 1813. Unseated after election contest: December 20, 1813.
...Edward CrouchDRPA-3October 12, 1813 Special election. Only term.
...Daniel UdreeDRPA-7 Special election. Only term until 16th Congress.
...Alfred CuthbertDRGA-alDecember 13, 1813 Special election
...Isaac Williams, Jr.DRNY-15December 20, 1813 Seated after election contest. Only term while as a member of the House until 15th Congress.
...William IrvingDRNY-2January 22, 1814 Special election: December 28-30, 1813
...Joseph H. HawkinsDRKY-2March 29, 1814 Special election: February 28, 1814. Only term while serving as a member of the House.
...Newton CannonDRTN-5September 16, 1814 Special election: September 15-16, 1814
...Samuel DanaDRMA-4September 22, 1814 Special election: May 23, 1814. Only term while serving as a member of the House.
...Philip P. BarbourDRVA-11September 19, 1814 Special election: June 1814
...John W. HulbertFMA-12September 26, 1814 Special election: August 4, 1814
...David ClendeninDROH-6October 11, 1814 Special election
...Samuel HendersonFPA-2 Special election. Only term while serving as a member of the House.
...Amos SlaymakerFPA-3
...Thomas BinesDRNJ-alNovember 2, 1814 Special election: October 10-11, 1814. Only term while serving in the House. [11]
Non voting members
aJonathan Jennings-IN-alNovember 27, 1809 Delegate from Indiana Territory
bEdward Hempstead-MO-alNovember 9, 1812 Delegate from Missouri Territory until September 17, 1814
cShadrack Bond-IL-alDecember 3, 1812 Delegate from Illinois Territory until August 2, 1813
dWilliam Lattimore-MS-alMarch 4, 1813 Delegate from Mississippi Territory. Formerly served 1803-07.
eRufus Easton-MO-alSeptember 17, 1814 Delegate from Missouri Territory
fBenjamin Stephenson-IL-alNovember 4, 1814 Delegate from Illinois Territory

References

  1. 112th Congress official House seniority list
  2. Based on Rule X Organisation of Committees, in the House Rules and Manual for the 112th Congress. For membership and chairmen, see the Journal of the House of Representatives for the 13th Congress for the dates of appointment specified.
  3. United States Congressional Elections 1788-1997, for election (page 49) and death (note 17 on page 52)
  4. United States Congressional Elections 1788-1997, for election (page 49) and death (note 15 on page 52)
  5. United States Congressional Elections 1788-1997, for election (page 49) and death (note 18 on page 52)
  6. United States Congressional Elections 1788-1997, for election (page 49) and death (note 9 on page 52)
  7. United States Congressional Elections 1788-1997, for election (page 49) and death (note 11 on page 52)
  8. United States Congressional Elections 1788-1997, for election (page 49) and resignation (note 10 on page 52)
  9. United States Congressional Elections 1788-1997, for election (page 48) and death (note 3 on page 51)
  10. United States Congressional Elections 1788-1997, for special elections to the 13th Congress (page 46)
  11. United States Congressional Elections 1788-1997, change to at-large election in mid Congress (note 32 on page 52)

 This article incorporates public domain material from the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress website http://bioguide.congress.gov.

See also

External links

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