List of castles in England

For more details on English castles, see Castles in Great Britain and Ireland.
Windsor Castle, Berkshire

This list of castles in England is not a list of every building and site that has "castle" as part of its name, nor does it list only buildings that conform to a strict definition of a castle as a medieval fortified residence.[1] It is not a list of every castle ever built in England, many of which have vanished without trace, but is primarily a list of buildings and remains that have survived. In almost every case the buildings that survive are either ruined, or have been altered over the centuries. For several reasons, whether a given site is that of a medieval castle has not been taken to be a sufficient criterion for determining whether or not that site should be included in the list.

Castles that have vanished or whose remains are barely visible are not listed, except for some important or well-known buildings and sites. Fortifications from before the medieval period are not listed, nor are architectural follies. In other respects it is difficult to identify clear and consistent boundaries between two sets of buildings, comprising those that indisputably belong in a list of castles and those that do not. The criteria adopted for inclusion in the list include such factors as: how much survives from the medieval period; how strongly fortified the building was; how castle-like the surviving building is; whether the building has been given the title of "castle"; how certain it is that a medieval castle stood on the site, or that the surviving remains are those of a medieval castle; how well-known or interesting the building is; and whether including or excluding a building helps make the list, in some measure, more consistent.

In order to establish a list that is as far as possible comprehensive as well as consistent, it is necessary to establish its boundaries. Before the list itself, a discussion of its scope includes lengthy lists of buildings excluded from the main lists for various reasons. The Castellarium Anglicanum, an authoritative index of castles in England and Wales published in 1983, lists over 1,500 castle sites in England.[2] Many of these castles have vanished or left almost no trace. The present list includes more than 800 medieval castles of which there are visible remains, with over 300 having substantial surviving stone or brick remains.

Contents

History

The Tower of London

A castle is a type of fortified structure, developed in Europe during the Middle Ages. The first castles appeared in France in the 10th century,[3] and in England during the 11th century. A few castles are known to have been built in England before the Normans invaded in 1066;[4] a great many were built in the years following, the principal mechanism by means of which the Normans were able to consolidate their control over the country.[5] Whilst a few important castles, such as the White Tower in the Tower of London, were built of stone, most early castles were motte-and-bailey castles of earthwork and timber, which could be constructed quickly. Some were later rebuilt in stone,[6] but there are a great many castle sites in England where all that is visible today are traces of earthworks.[7]

Castles continued to be built in England for several hundred years, reaching a peak of military sophistication in the late 13th century.[8] The two principal elements in their construction were the great tower or keep, such as the White Tower, and the fortified enclosure, such as is provided by the outer wall of the Tower of London. During the 14th century, largely as a result of the decline of feudalism,[9] the construction of strong castles began to decline, in favour of more lightly fortified structures often described as fortified manor houses.[10] In the far north of England, where conditions remained unsettled, fortified buildings continued to be built as late as the 16th century, not only by the rich and powerful but by any with adequate means, as defence not against great armies, but against the notorious Border Reivers. Many took the form of the pele tower, a smaller, more modest version of the castle keep,[11] and many of these still survive, often incorporated in later buildings.

Pendennis Castle, Cornwall: a 16th-century Henrician Castle

Castles differed from earlier fortifications in that they were generally private fortified residences. Typically, a castle was the residence of a feudal lord, providing the owner with a secure base from which to control his lands,[12] and also a symbol of wealth and power. Earlier fortified structures, such as the Saxon burh or the Iron Age hill fort, provided public or communal defences,[13] as did medieval town or city walls. The many Roman forts of which ruins survive in Britain differed in being wholly military in nature - they were camps or strongholds of the Roman army. The Romans also built town or city walls in England, which can still be seen, for instance at Silchester.

By the 16th century the role of fortifications had changed once more with the development of artillery capable of breaching even thick stone walls. In the reign of Henry VIII, fears of invasion[14] led to the building of a series of new fortresses along the south coast of England,[15] known as the Device Forts or Henrician Castles. These were designed to use and to defend against artillery, and since they were not private residences, but national fortifications, they do not possess what architectural historians have come to see as the defining characteristics of a castle.[16] Nonetheless they are visibly castle-like, being compact, with battlemented walls, squat turrets and sometimes a keep; and they were the last generation of fortresses in England to be known as castles, long before architectural historians began to argue that they should not be.[17] One of them, Pendennis Castle, was one of the last Royalist strongholds to fall to the Parliamentarians during the English Civil War—starvation forcing surrender after a siege of five months.[18]

Herstmonceux Castle, East Sussex

As the role of the castle as fortress declined in the later medieval period, its role as a residence increasingly became the more important. Castles such as Herstmonceux were built with fortifications seemingly designed more for show than for strength,[19] implying a further evolution in the role and concept of the castle, becoming less a means of enforcing power but instead a symbol of its possession, a castle becoming a grand residence proclaiming the status of its owner. Once fortifications had become altogether redundant, it became increasingly rare in England for new buildings to be described as castles, in contrast to France, where country houses continued to be known as châteaux.

Once no longer needed as fortresses, castles — if they were not abandoned — were, over the centuries, adapted and modernised to make them more suitable for continued use as residences:[20] large windows were inserted in defensive walls, as at Lumley; outer walls were demolished or lowered to open up views from within, as at Raby; new residential ranges were built to improve and extend accommodation, as at Windsor. Some castles were restored after falling into ruin, like Bamburgh;[21] others, like Belvoir, were demolished and rebuilt, retaining little or none of the original structure.[22] In the 18th and 19th centuries especially, many castles underwent "improvements" by architects such as Anthony Salvin, and in this period a fashion developed for entirely new houses to be built in the style of castles, and to be known as castles.[23][24] Amongst these was Peckforton Castle, built by Salvin: a building so authentic in its recreation of a medieval castle that it has been described as possibly the last serious fortified home built in Britain.[25]

Peckforton Castle, Cheshire, with Beeston Castle in the distance

Scope and exclusions

No list of castles in England is ever likely to be complete, because there will never be complete agreement in every case as to whether the remains of a building are those of a castle, whether a given place is the site of a castle, or whether a surviving building should be considered to be a castle.[26]

Perhaps because the castle has become the most familiar type of fortification, many sites of fortifications earlier than the 10th century have become known as castles. Most of these are Iron Age hill forts. Amongst the best known are Abbotsbury Castle, Barbury Castle, Bratton Castle, Cadbury Castle, Castle Dore, Chûn Castle, Liddington Castle, Maen Castle, Maiden Castle and Uffington Castle,[27] whilst many more appear in the List of hill forts in England. Others, such as Melandra Castle, Reculver Castle, Richborough Castle and Whitley Castle, are Roman forts, whilst Daw's Castle is a Saxon burh.[27] None of these is included in the present list unless it is also the site of a medieval castle, as is the case with, for instance, Portchester Castle, where an imposing castle was built within the surviving walls of the Roman fort.[28]

Portchester Castle, Hampshire: Roman walls and medieval keep

Nor are all medieval fortified sites included in the present list. The remains of town and city walls are excluded — most of these appear in the List of town walls in England and Wales. Also excluded are churches with defensive towers, such as Ancroft, Burgh by Sands, Edlingham, Garway, Great Salkeld and Newton Arlosh, as well as other fortified ecclesiastical sites such as Alnwick Abbey, Battle Abbey, Thornton Abbey, Wetheral Priory, Whalley Abbey and St Mary's Abbey, York.[29] Some of the pele towers of Northern England are included, but the more modest fortified buildings known as bastles are not, though the distinction between them is not always altogether clear. Amongst fortified manor houses, those given the title of castle are included, whilst many others were more lightly fortified and are excluded. Amongst these are Baddesley Clinton, Cowdray House, Farnhill Hall, Hipswell Hall, Ightham Mote, Little Wenham Hall, Markenfield Hall and Walburn Hall.[29]

The list includes pele towers that became known as castles, or preserve a castle-like aspect. Many others, or their remains, survive much altered—incorporated in later country houses or farmhouses, and are excluded. Amongst these are: Aske Hall, Biddlestone RC Chapel, Bolling Hall, Bolton Old Hall, Boltongate Rectory, Causey Park House, Clennell Hall, Cliburn Hall, Corbridge Low Hall, Cowmire Hall, Craster Arms (Beadnell), Croglin Old Pele, Denton Hall, Dovenby Hall, Dunstan Hall, East Shaftoe Hall, Godmond Hall, Great Salkeld Rectory, Hardrigg Hall, Hepscott Hall, Hetton Hall, Hollin Hall, Hutton Hall (Penrith), Irton Hall, Johnby Hall, Killington Hall, Kirkoswald College, Levens Hall, Little Harle Tower, Nether Hall, Netherby Hall, Ormside Hall, Pockerley Pele, Preston Patrick Hall, Randalholme Hall, Rock Hall, Rudchester Hall, Sella Park, Selside Hall, Skelsmergh Hall, Smardale Hall, Thistlewood Farmhouse, Warnell Hall, Weetwood Hall and Witton Tower.[29]

In the post-medieval period, the distinction between true castles and later mock castles is blurred by the extent to which medieval castles were adapted and rebuilt. At Greystoke a new castle was built incorporating a medieval pele tower;[30] at Thurland a new castle was built from the ruins of the old;[31] at Belvoir the old castle was demolished and a new one built.[22] The building of mock castles might be seen as the logical conclusion of a process already apparent in castles such as Herstmonceux or Tattershall, where the castle-like aspect of the building was becoming more for show than for strength.[19]

Wentworth Castle: not a castle but a country house

Amongst post-medieval buildings in England that are known as castles, a few, such as Peckforton Castle, closely resemble medieval castles. Many others, such as Clearwell Castle, have some castle-like features, and some, like Mereworth Castle, bear no resemblance whatsoever to a castle. The list excludes buildings that neither look like castles, nor incorporate the remains of castles. Amongst these are Bolebroke Castle, Bovey Castle, Bruce Castle, Castle Ashby, Castle Howard, Clifton Castle, Highclere Castle, Mereworth Castle, New Wardour Castle, Sherborne Castle, Wentworth Castle, and Wisbech Castle.[32] Many other buildings with some castle-like features are also excluded. Amongst these are Acton Castle, Allerton Castle, Augill Castle, Avon Castle, Bell's Castle, Bolesworth Castle, Bude Castle, Castle Eden Castle, Castle Goring, Cave Castle, Clearwell Castle, Cliffe Castle, Coates Castle, Creech Castle, Droskyn Castle, Edmond Castle, Enmore Castle, Ewell Castle, Farleigh Castle, Farley Castle, Fillingham Castle, Hatherop Castle, Headingley Castle, Highcliffe Castle, Hilfield Castle, Kenwith Castle, Kirby Knowle Castle, Knepp Castle, Luscombe Castle, Midford Castle, Mulgrave Castle, Otterburn Tower, Pentillie Castle, Reeve Castle, Ryde Castle, St. Clare Castle, Sibdon Castle, Sneaton Castle, Stanhope Castle, Studley Castle, Swinton Castle, The Citadel (Weston-under-Redcastle), Tregenna Castle, Vanbrugh Castle, Wadhurst Castle, Wattisham Castle, Whitehaven Castle, Whitstable Castle, Willersley Castle, and Willsbridge Castle.[32] Amongst those that have been demolished is Steephill Castle.

Artificial ruins and follies, often built as memorials or landscape features, are also excluded. Amongst these are Appley Tower, Black Castle, Bladon Castle, Blaise Castle, Bollitree Castle, Boston Castle, Braylsham Castle, Broadway Tower, Carr Hall Castle, Castlebourne, Clent Castle, Clopton Tower, Dinton Castle, Doyden Castle, Dunstall Castle, Durlston Castle, Fort Putnam, Hadlow Castle, Castle in Hagley Park Lawrence Castle, Long's Park Castle, Mow Cop Castle, Mowbray Castle, Pirton Castle, Radford Castle, Radway Tower, Ragged Castle (Badminton), Rivington Castle, Rodborough Fort, Ross Castle, Rothley Castle, Roundhay Castle, Sebergham Castle, Severndroog Castle, Shaldon Castle, Sham Castle (Bath), Sledmere Castle, Speedwell Castle, Stainborough Castle, Starlight Castle, Stowe Castle, Strattenborough Castle, Sundorne Castle, Toll House (Clevedon) and Wyke Castle.[32] Finally, the 16th-century Henrician Castles, whose design was closely inspired by medieval castles, are included, but later military fortifications—with just a few exceptions—are not.

Red Lion Tower, Haltwhistle

However carefully the criteria for including a building or site on this list are set out, borderline cases are inevitable. Many buildings known to incorporate northern pele towers in their fabric, but are no longer castle-like—such as the Red Lion Tower in Haltwhistle—have been excluded. On the other hand, Corby Castle, in which a pele tower survives wholly encased in a later building,[33] is included because it is known as a castle, and by implication continued to fulfil the role of one, at least in part. Kimbolton Castle is included as the site of a medieval castle, and because the present mansion has a castellated aspect in deference to the medieval castle it replaced.

Key

Key
Accessible open space
Castle open to the public
English Heritage
Historic House open to the public
Museum
National Trust
NGS Private, grounds open under the National Gardens Scheme
Name Usually the name of the surviving building, but not always—for instance the remains of the historic Bampton Castle were incorporated in a later building known as Ham Court
Type Usually the type of castle represented by the predominant surviving fortified remains
Date Usually the dates of the principal building works relating to the surviving remains
Condition An indication as to what remains of the original castle structure
Image The building or site as it currently exists
Ownership
/ Access		 Brief information relating to the current ownership or use of the site, an icon signifying that the site is frequently open to the public

Bedfordshire

Castles of which only earthworks, fragments or nothing remains include:[2]

† Bedford Castle was demolished after a well-documented eight-week siege by Henry III, with around 2000 men, in 1224.[34]

Name Type Date Condition Image Ownership / Access Notes
Someries Castle Fortified manor house 15th century Fragmentary remains Brick, unfinished, ruined gatehouse and chapel survive.[35]

Berkshire

Castles of which only earthworks, fragments or nothing remains include:[2]

Name Type Date Condition Image Ownership / Access Notes
Donnington Castle Castle c. 1386 Fragment Built by Richard Abberbury the Elder, destroyed during the English Civil War, gatehouse survives.[36]
Windsor Castle Keep and bailey 12–19th century Intact Royal palace Restored and extended by James Wyatt and Jeffry Wyattville, 1800–30.[37]

Bristol

Castles of which only vestiges remain include:[2]

Buckinghamshire

Castles of which only earthworks, fragments or nothing remains include:[2]

Name Type Date Condition Image Ownership / Access Notes
Boarstall Tower Fortified manor house c. 1312 Fragment Moated site, gatehouse survives, altered in the 16–17th centuries, converted to house 20th century.[38]

Cambridgeshire

Castles of which only earthworks, fragments or nothing remains include:[2]

Name Type Date Condition Image Ownership / Access Notes
Buckden Palace Fortified manor house 13–15th century Fragment Claretian conference centre Renamed Buckden Towers, partly demolished and remnants incorporated with a 19th-century house.[39]
Elton Hall Fortified manor house c. 1477 Fragment Gatehouse survives, incorporated in building of 1662–1689, remodelled and extended in the 18–19th centuries.[40]
Kimbolton Castle Castellated house 17–18th century Intact School Site of medieval castle, rebuilt and later remodelled by Sir John Vanbrugh 1707–10.[41]
Kirtling Tower Fortified manor house c. 1530 Fragment NGS 16th-century gatehouse on supposed site of moated Saxon castle.[42]
Longthorpe Tower Tower house 1263–1300 Intact Elaborate scheme of domestic medieval wall paintings.[43]
Northborough Castle Fortified manor house 1330–40 Fragment Private Gatehouse and hall survive, with 16/17th-century alterations.[44]
Woodcroft Castle Quadrangular castle c. 1280 Habitable fragment Private West range of original building survives, with alterations.[45]

Cheshire

Castles of which only earthworks, fragments or nothing remains include:[2]

Name Type Date Condition Image Ownership / Access Notes
Beeston Castle Enclosure castle 13–14th century Ruins Sited on crag high above Cheshire Plain, 19th-century outer gatehouse.[46]
Chester Castle Keep and bailey 12th century Fragment Agricola tower sole feature of medieval castle to survive an 18th-century fire.[47]
Cholmondeley Castle Neo-romantic castle 1801–19 Intact
Marquess of Cholmondeley		 Transformed into castle by Smirke, 1817–19.[48]
Doddington Castle Tower house c. 1403 Substantially intact Private Also known as Delves Hall. Building At Risk.[49]
Halton Castle Castle 13th century Fragmentary remains
Duchy of Lancaster		 Commanding position, 13th-century tower, 18th-century courthouse, folly of c. 1800.[50]
Peckforton Castle Neo-romantic castle 1844–50 Intact Hotel By Anthony Salvin, possibly the last serious fortified home built in Britain.[25]

County Durham

Castles of which only earthworks or vestiges remain include:[2]

Name Type Date Condition Image Ownership / Access Notes
Auckland Castle Keep and bailey 12–16th century Rebuilt
Church of England		 Mostly 16th-century, fragments remain of medieval castle, residence of the Bishop of Durham.[51]
Barnard Castle Keep and bailey 11–14th century Ruins [52]
Bowes Castle Keep 12th century Fragmentary remains Ruins of keep survive.[53]
Brancepeth Castle Keep and bailey 14–19th century Reconstructed Private Substantial medieval portions, including 5 towers incorporated in 19th-century rebuilding.[54]
Durham Castle Keep and bailey 11–14th century Rebuilt University College, Durham Much altered during continuous occupation since c. 1072.[55]
Lambton Castle Neo-romantic castle c. 1820–8 Intact Wedding venue / Earl of Durham Later additions demolished following subsidence.[56]
Lumley Castle Quadrangular castle c. 1392 Intact Hotel / Earl of Scarbrough Altered c. 1580 and 1721.[57]
Mortham Tower Fortified manor house 14–16th century Intact Private 15th-century tower, formerly in Yorkshire.[58]
Raby Castle Castle 12–14th century Intact
Lord Barnard		 Altered in the 18–19th centuries.[59]
Raby Old Lodge Tower house 16th century Restored Holiday accommodation Probably built as a hunting lodge for the Neville family of Raby Castle.[60]
Scargill Castle Tower house 13–15th century Fragment Private, farm Amongst farm buildings.[61]
Walworth Castle Sham castle c. 1600 Restored Hotel South-west tower and adjoining wall possibly medieval.[62]
Witton Castle Castle c. 1410 Restored Caravan site Extended in 1790–95. Used as a leisure centre for a caravan site.[63]

Cornwall

Castles of which little or nothing remains include:[2]

Name Type Date Condition Image Ownership / Access Notes
Caerhays Castle Neo-romantic castle 1807–10 Intact Built in 1808 by John Nash.[64]
Carn Brea Castle Sham castle 15–19th century Intact Restaurant Possible medieval hunting lodge rebuilt in the 18–19th centuries.[65]
Ince Castle Semi-fortified house c. 1640 Intact NGS House may have been held against the Roundheads in 1646.[66]
Launceston Castle Keep and bailey 11–13th century Ruins [67]
Pendennis Castle Artillery fort 1540–98 Intact Withstood 5-month siege in 1646.[18]
Pengersick Castle Fortified manor house c. 1510 Fragment 4-storey tower remains, with later building.[68]
Place House, Fowey Tower house 15–19th century Rebuilt Private Original tower house defended against the French in 1475, subsequently strengthened, later rebuilt.[69]
Restormel Castle Shell keep 12–13th century Ruins [70]
St Catherine's Castle Artillery fort 1538–40 Ruins At mouth of River Fowey.[71]
St. Mawes Castle Artillery fort 1540–3 Intact Position not defensible from land attack.[72]
St. Michael's Mount Fortified site 12–17th century Substantially intact Castle and priory church comprise single building.[73]
Tintagel Castle Twin bailey 1227–33 Fragmentary remains [74]
Trematon Castle Shell keep 12–13th century Ruins Duchy of Cornwall [75]

Cumbria

Castles of which only earthworks, vestiges or no traces remain include:[2]

Name Type Date Condition Image Ownership / Access Notes
Appleby Castle Keep and bailey 12–17th century Restored Private Restored in the 17th century by Lady Anne Clifford.[76]
Armathwaite Castle Tower house 15th century Intact Private Incorporated in later buildings.[77]
Arnside Tower Tower house 15th century Ruins Private Freestanding tower house.[78]
Askerton Castle Castle 14–16th century Restored Private, farm Altered by Anthony Salvin.[79]
Beetham Hall Fortified manor house 14th century Partly ruined Private [80]
Bewcastle Castle Courtyard castle 14–15th century Fragmentary ruins Sited within Roman fort.[81]
Bewley Castle Fortified manor house 13–14th century Fragmentary ruins Private Once a residence of the Bishops of Carlisle.[82]
Blencow Hall Fortified house 15–16th century Intact Holiday accommodation Altered in 1590.[83]
Brackenburgh Old Tower Pele tower 14–15th century Substantially intact Private Adjoining large 19th-century house.[84]
Brackenhill Tower Tower house 1586 Intact Holiday accommodation Restored 21st century.[85]
Branthwaite Hall Pele tower 14–15th century Intact Private 17th-century additions.[86]
Brough Castle Keep and bailey 11–14th century Ruins Restored in 1659–62 by Lady Anne Clifford.[87]
Brougham Castle Keep and bailey 13–14th century Ruins Converted into country house in 17th century by Lady Anne Clifford.[88]
Brougham Hall Fortified manor house 13–19th century Ruins Crafts centre Ruins of 19th-century house incorporating remains of earlier building.[89]
Broughton Tower Pele tower 14th century Intact School Incorporated in later building.[90]
Burneside Hall Tower house 14th century Ruins Private [91]
Carlisle Castle Keep and bailey 12–15th century Substantially intact Converted to barracks 19th century.[92]
Catterlen Hall Tower house 15th century Intact Private Later additions.[93]
Clifton Hall Pele tower 16th century Substantially intact Used as a farm building until 1973.[94]
Cockermouth Castle Enclosure castle 13–14th century Partly restored Private 19th-century additions.[95]
Corby Castle Tower house 13th century Rebuilt Private Concealed within a Georgian Mansion House.[33]
Dacre Castle Tower house 14th century Restored Private Restored in the 17th and 19th centuries.[96]
Dalston Hall Fortified house 15th century Intact Hotel Later additions.[97]
Dalton Castle Pele tower 14th century Restored Remodelled c. 1704 and 1856.[98]
Drawdykes Castle Tower house 14th century Intact Private, farm Original tower with early Classical Revival facade.[99]
Drumburgh Castle Tower house 14th century Habitable Private Converted into farmhouse.[100]
Gleaston Castle Enclosure castle 14th century Fragmentary remains Private Abandoned late 15th century.[101]
Greystoke Castle Castle 14–19th century Rebuilt Wedding venue Rebuilt incorporating parts of 14th-century building, remodelled in 1840 by Anthony Salvin.[102]
Harbybrow Tower Pele tower 15th century Ruin Private Adjoining 19th-century farmhouse.[103]
Hayton Castle Tower house 14–15th century Substantially intact Private Castle converted to house.[104]
Hazelslack Tower Pele tower 14th century Ruins Private Near Arnside.[105]
Howgill Castle Tower house 14th century Substantially intact Private Altered and remodelled in the 17–18th century.[106]
Hutton-in-the-Forest Pele tower 14–19th century Intact Large country-house extensions.[107]
Hutton John Pele tower 14th century Intact Later alterations and additions.[108]
Ingmire Hall Pele tower 16–20th century Rebuilt Private apartments Incorporated in large, mostly 19th-century mansion.[109]
Isel Hall Tower house 14–15th century Intact Later additions.[110]
Kendal Castle Ringwork 12–14th century Fragmentary remains [111]
Kentmere Hall Pele tower 14th century Intact Private [112]
Kirkandrews Tower Pele tower 16th century Intact Private [113]
Linstock Castle Tower house 12–13th century Substantially intact Private Altered and remodelled in the 17–20th century.[114]
Lowther Castle Neo-romantic castle 1806–14 Ruins Shell of a 19th-century castle by Smirke, on site of medieval hall.[115]
Middleton Hall Fortified manor house 14th century Habitable Private Altered and extended in the 15–19th centuries.[116]
Millom Castle Castle 14th century Ruins 16–17th-century farmhouse built into ruins.[117]
Muncaster Castle Tower house 13–14th century Restored Remodelled by Anthony Salvin, home of Tom Fool, 16th-century jester.[118]
Naworth Castle Keep and bailey 13–16th century Restored Wedding venue
Earl of Carlisle		 Altered and restored in the 18th and 19th centuries.[119]
Newbiggin Hall Fortified house 15–16th century Intact Private Remodelled by Anthony Salvin.[120]
Pendragon Castle Tower house 12–14th century Fragmentary remains [121]
Penrith Castle Castle 14–15th century Fragmentary remains [122]
Piel Castle Castle 14–15th century Ruins Also known as Fouldrey Castle.[123]
Prior's Tower, Carlisle Pele tower 15th century Intact Church of England Part of the Deanery, alongside later buildings.[124]
Rose Castle Quadrangular Castle 15–16th century Restored Church of England Converted to private house 17th century, residence of the Bishop of Carlisle until 2011.[125]
Scaleby Castle Tower house 13–15th century Partly ruined Private Incorporated with later house.[126]
Sizergh Castle Tower house 14–16th century Restored Altered in the 18–20th centuries.[127]
Toppin Castle Sham castle 19th century Intact Private Imitation tower house.[128]
Ubarrow Hall Pele tower Medieval Substantially intact Private Alongside later building, reduced in height.[129]
Wharton Hall Fortified manor house 14–17th century Partly restored Private [130]
Whitehall, Mealsgate Tower house 14–15th century Substantially intact Holiday accommodation Alterations by Anthony Salvin.[131]
Workington Hall Tower house 14–18th century Ruins Local authority Inhabited until 1929, requisitioned by the army in the Second World War and since allowed to fall into ruin. Also known as Curwen Hall.[132][133]
Wray Castle Neo-romantic castle 1840–7 Intact [134]
Wraysholme Tower Tower house 15th century Substantially intact Private, farm Used as barn and cow-house, adjoining a 19th-century house.[135]
Yanwath Hall Pele tower 15th century Intact Private Adjoining later building.[136]

Derbyshire

Castles of which only earthworks, vestiges or no traces remain include:[2]

Name Type Date Condition Image Ownership / Access Notes
Bolsover Castle Castle 12–17th century Rebuilt Castle rebuilt as a 17th-century mansion.[137]
Codnor Castle Castle 13–14th century Fragmentary remains [138]
Elvaston Castle Castellated house 17–19th century Derelict Derbyshire County Council Built in 1633, remodelled by James Wyatt in 19th century, now within country park. Building At Risk.[139]
Haddon Hall Fortified manor house 14–15th century Intact Altered in the 16–17th centuries, restored in the 1920s.[140]
Mackworth Castle Fortified manor house 15th century Fragment Private Ruined gatehouse adjoining farm.[141]
Peveril Castle Keep and bailey 11–14th century Ruins Commanding position above ravine.[142]
Riber Castle Sham castle 1868 Ruins Private School 1892–1930.[143]
Wingfield Manor Fortified manor house 15th century Ruins Abandoned in the 18th century.[144]

Devon

Castles of which only earthworks remain include:[2]

Name Type Date Condition Image Ownership / Access Notes
Affeton Castle Fortified manor house 15th century Fragment Private Gatehouse of house sacked during English Civil War, with 19th-century alterations.[145]
Berry Pomeroy Castle Enclosure castle 15th century Ruins Very late castle, designed to defend against artillery.[146]
Bickleigh Castle Fortified manor house 15th century Restored Wedding venue Incorporated in later buildings.[147]
Compton Castle Fortified manor house 14–16th century Restored Used as farm after 1750, restored 20th century.[148]
Dartmouth Castle Castle 1481 Restored Converted to artillery castle 1509–47.[149]
Castle Drogo Neo-romantic castle 1911–1930 Intact By Edwin Lutyens.[150]
Gidleigh Castle Keep c. 1300 Ruins [151]
Hemyock Castle Enclosure castle c. 1380 Fragmentary remains Private [152]
Kingswear Castle Artillery fort 1491–1502 Intact Landmark Trust [153]
Lydford Castle Keep and bailey 12–13th century Ruins [154]
Marisco Castle Keep and bailey c. 1243 Restored Restored in 1643.[155]
Okehampton Castle Keep and bailey 11–14th century Fragmentary remains [156]
Plympton Castle Motte and bailey 12th century Fragmentary remains [157]
Powderham Castle Fortified manor house 14–16th century Restored
Earl of Devon		 Remodelled in the 18th and 19th centuries.[158]
Rougemont Castle (Exeter) Castle 11–12th century Fragments Wedding venue Medieval fragments survive with later buildings.[159]
Salcombe Castle Artillery fort 1540s Ruins Refortified in 1643–45.[160]
Tiverton Castle Quadrangular castle 14th century Partly habitable 16th-century house built within the castle.[161]
Totnes Castle Shell keep 11–14th century Ruins Well-preserved keep on high motte.[162]
Watermouth Castle Neo-romantic castle 1825–45 Intact Theme park [163]

Dorset

Castles of which only earthworks, fragments or nothing remains include:[2]

Name Type Date Condition Image Ownership / Access Notes
Brownsea Castle Castellated house 16–19th century Intact Incorporates part of a 16th-century Henrician Castle.[164]
Christchurch Castle Motte and bailey 12–14th century Fragmentary remains Hall house known as Constable's House survives, with rare Norman chimney.[165]
Corfe Castle Keep and bailey 11–13th century Extensive ruins Besieged and slighted during the English Civil War.[166]
Lulworth Castle Sham castle c. 1610 Restored Hunting lodge, gutted by fire 1929.[167]
Pennsylvania Castle Neo-romantic castle 1800 Intact Private On the Isle of Portland, built for John Penn to designs by James Wyatt.[168]
Portland Castle Artillery fort 1539 Intact Private residence 1816–70.[169]
Rufus Castle Castle 15th century Ruins Private Also known as Bow and Arrow Castle.[170]
Sherborne Old Castle Keep and bailey 12th century Ruins Replaced by 16–17th century house, which became known as Sherborne Castle.[171]
Woodsford Castle Fortified manor house 14th century Habitable Landmark Trust [172]

East Riding of Yorkshire

Castles of which only earthworks, fragments or nothing remains include:[2]

Name Type Date Condition Image Ownership / Access Notes
Paull Holme Tower Tower House 15th century Ruins Private Originally part of larger house, roofless.[173]
Skipsea Castle Motte and Bailey 11th century Earthworks Well-preserved earthworks.[174]
Wressle Castle Quadrangular castle 1390 Ruins Private, farm South range remains, inhabited until gutted by fire in 1796.[175]

East Sussex

Castles of which little or nothing remains include:[2]

Name Type Date Condition Image Ownership / Access Notes
Bodiam Castle Quadrangular castle c. 1385 Ruins Wide moat.[176]
Camber Castle Artillery fort c. 1540 Ruins "Dismantled" 1642 after sea receded.[177]
Hastings Castle Keep and bailey 12th century Fragmentary ruins
Local Authority		 Ruined by 1399.[178]
Herstmonceux Castle Fortified mansion 15th century Restored Queen's University Brick, interior dismantled in 1777, restored 20th century, former home of Royal Greenwich Observatory, now Study Centre.[179]
Lewes Castle Keep and bailey 12–14th century Ruins Unusual in having two mottes[180]
Pevensey Castle Keep and bailey 12th century Ruins Castle built within surviving walls of Roman fort of Saxon Shore.[181]
Rye Castle (Ypres Tower) Tower House c. 1250 Intact Originally called Baddings Tower.[182]

Essex

Castles of which only earthworks remain include:[2]

† Pleshey Castle is a good example of a motte-and-bailey castle: only earthworks and a medieval brick bridge remain.[183]

Name Type Date Condition Image Ownership / Access Notes
Colchester Castle Tower keep 11th century Intact
Local authority		 Reduced in height in 17th century.[184]
Hadleigh Castle Castle 13–14th century Fragmentary remains [185]
Hedingham Castle Tower keep 1130–40 Substantially intact Castle demolished in the 17th century except for keep, well-preserved interior despite fire of 1954.[186]
Walden Castle Keep and bailey 12th century Fragmentary remains Remains of keep.[187]

Gloucestershire

Castles of which only earthworks, fragments or nothing remains include:[2]

Name Type Date Condition Image Ownership / Access Notes
Berkeley Castle Keep and bailey 12–14th century Intact Largely unaltered until the 1920s, when interior modernised by 8th Earl of Berkeley.[188]
Beverstone Castle Pentagonal castle 13–15th century Ruins NGS 17th-century house built within ruins.[189]
St. Briavel's Castle Keep and bailey 13th century Habitable Youth hostel.[190]
Sudeley Castle Quadrangular castle 15th century Restored Restored as a country house in the 19th century.[191]
Thornbury Castle Fortified house c. 1511 Substantially intact Hotel Restored in the 19th century.[192]

Greater London

Castles of which no traces remain include:[2]

Name Type Date Condition Image Ownership / Access Notes
Tower of London Concentric castle 11–13th century Intact Historic Royal Palaces White Tower built c. 1077–1100, curtain walls added in the 13th century, working portcullis.[193]

Greater Manchester

Castles of which only earthworks, fragments or nothing remains include:[2]

Name Type Date Condition Image Ownership / Access Notes
Radcliffe Tower Tower house 1403 Fragment
Local authority		 Ruinous tower formerly incorporated in timber house.[194]

Hampshire

Castles of which only earthworks or vestiges remain include:[2]

Name Type Date Condition Image Ownership / Access Notes
Calshot Castle Artillery fort 16th century Substantially intact Altered in the 18–20th centuries, in use until 1961.[195]
Hurst Castle Artillery fort 16th century Substantially intact Repaired and refortified in the 19th century.[196]
Netley Castle Artillery fort 16–19th century Rebuilt Convalescent home Remodelled and extended in 1885–90.[197]
Odiham Castle Shell keep and bailey Early 13th century Fragmentary ruins
Local authority		 Built by King John.[198]
Portchester Castle Keep and bailey 11–12th century Extensive ruins Built within surviving walls of Roman fort of the Saxon Shore.[28]
Southampton Castle Keep and bailey 11–14th century Fragments North bailey wall survives.[199]
Southsea Castle Artillery fort 16th century Rebuilt
Local authority		 Altered several times.[200]
Winchester Castle Motte and bailey 11–13th century Fragment
Local authority		 Great hall survives, reroofed in 1873.[201]
Wolvesey Castle Castle 12th century Ruins [202]

Herefordshire

Castles of which little or no traces remain include:[2]

† Ewyas Harold Castle is recorded in the Domesday Book and was probably built c. 1048.[203]

Name Type Date Condition Image Ownership / Access Notes
Brampton Bryan Castle Castle 13–14th century Ruins Private Gatehouse survives.[204]
Clifford Castle Motte and bailey 11–13th century Fragments Private Building At Risk.[205]
Croft Castle Quadrangular castle 14th century Rebuilt Converted to a 16/17th-century house.[206]
Downton Castle Neo-romantic castle c. 1774–78 Intact Private Altered and extended in 1860–70.[207]
Eastnor Castle Neo-romantic castle 1811–20 Intact By Robert Smirke.[208]
Goodrich Castle Concentric castle 12–13th century Ruins Partly demolished during English Civil War.[209]
Hampton Court Fortified manor house 1427 Intact Remodelled in 1830–40s.[210]
Kentchurch Court Fortified manor house 14th century Fragment Medieval tower and gateway survive, remainder largely rebuilt by Nash 1795–1807.[211]
Kinnersley Castle Castle Medieval Rebuilt 16–17th-century house on the site of a medieval castle.[212]
Longtown Castle Keep and bailey 12–13th century Fragmentary ruins Circular keep.[213]
Pembridge Castle Keep and bailey 12–13th century Partly habitable Private Reconstructed 20th century.[214]
Snodhill Castle Keep and bailey 11–14th century Fragmentary ruins [215]
Treago Castle Fortified manor house 15–16th century Restored Private Altered in the 17–19th centuries.[216]
Wigmore Castle Keep and bailey 11–14th century Fragmentary ruins Partly dismantled in 1643.[217]
Wilton Castle Castle 13th century Fragmentary ruins Remains incorporated in a 19th-century house.[218]

Hertfordshire

Castles of which only earthworks, fragments or nothing remains include:[2]

Name Type Date Condition Image Ownership / Access Notes
Berkhamsted Castle Motte and bailey 11–13th century Fragmentary remains Double Moat.[219] Unoccupied since 1495.[220]
Hertford Castle Motte and bailey 11–12th century Fragments Local authority 15th-century gatehouse survives, altered and extended in the 18–20th centuries.[221]

Isle of Wight

Castles of which little or nothing remains include:[2]

Name Type Date Condition Image Ownership / Access Notes
Carisbrooke Castle Keep and bailey 12–14th century Substantially intact Refortified in the 1590s as artillery fortress, former seat of the Governor of the Isle of Wight.[222]
Norris Castle Neo-romantic castle c. 1800 Intact Private Gothic Revival, by James Wyatt.[223]
Yarmouth Castle Artillery fort 1547 Substantially intact Altered in the 17th century.[224]
West Cowes Castle Artillery fort 16–19th century Rebuilt Royal Yacht Squadron Fragments of a 16th-century structure incorporated in a later building.[225]

Isles of Scilly

Castles of which only vestiges remain include:[2]

Name Type Date Condition Image Ownership / Access Notes
Cromwell's Castle Artillery tower 1651 Substantially intact [226]
Star Castle Artillery fort 1593 Intact Hotel Important and complete example of Elizabethan fort.[227]

Kent

Castles of which little or nothing remains include:[2]

Name Type Date Condition Image Ownership / Access Notes
Allington Castle Fortified house 13–14th century Restored Wedding venue Restored in 1905–1929.[228]
Canterbury Castle Tower keep 12th century Ruins
Local Authority		 Demolished in 1792.[229]
Chiddingstone Castle Neo-romantic castle 19th century Intact 17th-century building converted to a castle in the 19th century.[230]
Chilham Castle Keep and bailey 11–14th century Intact NGS Keep survives with Jacobean house.[231]
Cooling Castle Keep and bailey 1380s Part ruined Wedding venue Well-preserved gatehouse survives, barns used for events.[232]
Deal Castle Artillery fort 16th century Intact Formerly residence of Captain of the Cinque Ports.[233]
Dover Castle Concentric castle 12–13th century Intact Adapted for modern warfare 18–19th centuries.[234]
Eynsford Castle Castle 12th century Fragmentary ruins [235]
Hever Castle Fortified manor house 14th century Restored Restored early 19th century, working portcullis.[236]
Kingsgate Castle Neo-romantic castle 18–19th century Intact Private apartments Built c. 1760, rebuilt late 19th century.[237]
Leeds Castle Castle 12–15th century Restored Extensively rebuilt in 1822 and 1926.[238]
Leybourne Castle Castle 13th century Fragmentary ruins Private 16th-century house partly incorporating ruins, rebuilt in 1931.[239]
Lullingstone Castle Semi-fortified house 1543–80 Fragment 16th-century gatehouse incorporated into a later house.[240]
Lympne Castle Fortified house 13–14th century Restored Wedding venue Restored and extended in 1907–12.[241]
Otford Palace Fortified manor house 16th century Ruins
Local Authority		 The palace was one of the chain of houses belonging to the archbishops of Canterbury.[242]
Penshurst Place Fortified manor house 14–15th century Fragment Remodelled in the 19th century, single tower and stretch of wall survive from fortifications of c. 1400.[243]
Rochester Castle Tower keep 1127 Ruins Keep 125 ft (38 m) high to top of turrets.[244][245]
St Leonard's Tower, West Malling Tower keep 1080 Ruins [246]
Saltwood Castle Castle 12–14th century Part restored Private [247]
Sandgate Castle Artillery fort 1539–40 Substantially intact Private Altered in 1805–06.[248]
Scotney Castle Fortified manor house 1378–80 Fragment Single surviving tower incorporated in later house.[249]
Sissinghurst Castle Fortified manor house 15th century Rebuilt No fortifications remaining.[250]
Starkey Castle Manor house 14th century Fragment Private Fine medieval hall-house remains from possibly fortified manor house.[251]
Stone Castle Tower 12th century Intact Wedding venue Medieval tower incorporated in building of 1825.[252]
Sutton Valence Castle Keep and bailey 12th century Fragmentary remains [253]
Tonbridge Castle Keep and bailey 11–13th century Fragment
Local authority		 Gatehouse survives.[254]
Upnor Castle Artillery fort 1559–67, 1599–1601 Substantially intact [255]
Walmer Castle Artillery fort 1539 Intact Residence of the Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports from 18th century.[256]
Westenhanger Castle Fortified manor house c. 1343 Fragment Wedding venue 18th-century farmouse built within ruins.[257]

Lancashire

Castles of which only earthworks or vestiges remain include:[2]

Name Type Date Condition Image Ownership / Access Notes
Ashton Hall Tower house 14–19th century Intact Lancaster Golf Club Near Stodday, 14th-century tower incorporated into a later building.[258]
Borwick Hall Pele tower 14th century Intact Outdoor education centre Incorporated in mainly 16th-century building.[259]
Clitheroe Castle Keep and bailey 11–12th century Ruins [260]
Hornby Castle Keep 13th century Fragment Private Keep rebuilt early 16th century, incorporated into an 18–19th-century house.[261]
Lancaster Castle Keep and bailey 11–12th century Intact
Local authority		 Prison from 1745, 20th-century Shire Hall replaced medieval buildings, now Crown Court.[262]
Thurland Castle Fortified manor house 14–15th century Rebuilt Private apartments Near Tunstall, ruins rebuilt in 1879–85.[31]
Turton Tower Pele tower 15th century Intact Incorporated in later building.[263]

Leicestershire

Castles of which only earthworks or vestiges remain include:[2]

Name Type Date Condition Image Ownership / Access Notes
Ashby de la Zouch Castle Keep 12–15th century Fragmentary ruins Fortified manor converted to castle in 1474, slighted during English Civil War.[264]
Belvoir Castle Neo-romantic castle 17–19th century Intact
Duke of Rutland		 Rebuilt in 1655–68 incorporating fragments of medieval castle, remodelled in 1801–30.[22]
Kirby Muxloe Castle Quadrangular castle 1480–3 Fragmentary ruins Unfinished.[265]
Leicester Castle Castle 12–13th century Fragments
Local authority		 Great hall survives, much altered.[266]

Lincolnshire

Castles of which only earthworks or vestiges remain include:[2]

† Goltho Castle was built on the site of a Saxon fortified dwelling of c. 850, established by excavation.[267]

Name Type Date Condition Image Ownership / Access Notes
Bolingbroke Castle Enclosure castle 13–14th century Fragmentary ruins Slighted after brief siege in 1643.[268]
Grimsthorpe Castle Castle 13th century Fragment Remodelled in 18th and 19th centuries, retains a 13th-century south-east tower.[269]
Hussey Tower Tower house 14–15th century Ruins [270]
Kyme Tower Castle 14th century Fragment Private [271]
Lincoln Castle Keep and bailey 11–13th century Substantially intact
Local Authority		 Double motte and bailey.[272]
Rochford Tower Fortified house 15–16th century Fragment Private 2 miles east of Boston.[273]
Somerton Castle Quadrangular castle 1281–1305 Fragment Private Single tower survives, adjoining a 17th-century building.[274]
Tattershall Castle Tower 1430s Intact Brick tower built for Ralph Cromwell, restored in 1911–25 by Lord Curzon.[275]
Torksey Castle Semi-fortified house 16th century Fragmentary ruins Private Slighted during English Civil War.[276]

Merseyside

Castles of which no traces remain include:[2]

Name Type Date Condition Image Ownership / Access Notes
Brimstage Hall Tower house c. 1398 Substantially intact Crafts centre Tower incorporated in later building of 16th and 19th centuries.[277]
Leasowe Castle Sham castle 16–19th century Intact Hotel Built in 1593, extended in 1600–42 and the 19th century.[278]

Norfolk

Castles of which only earthworks or vestiges remain include:[2]

† The surviving motte of Thetford Castle is one of the highest in England,[279] about 80 ft (24 m) high.[280]

Name Type Date Condition Image Ownership / Access Notes
Baconsthorpe Castle Fortified manor house 15th century Fragmentary ruins [281]
Burgh Castle Motte and bailey 12th century No visible remains / Norfolk Archaeological Trust Site of medieval motte and bailey castle within surviving walls of Roman fort of Saxon Shore.[282]
Caister Castle Quadrangular castle 1432–46 Fragmentary ruins Moated, largely brick, built by John Fastolf, a relatively intact 90 ft (27 m) tower remains.[283]
Castle Acre Castle Motte and bailey 11–12th century Fragmentary remains Extensive earthworks.[284]
Castle Rising Castle Keep c. 1138 Ruins [285]
Claxton Castle Castle 14–15th century Fragmentary ruins Private [286]
Norwich Castle Keep c. 1095–1110 Intact Prison during 18–19th centuries.[287]
Oxburgh Hall Fortified manor house c. 1482 Intact 18th- and 19th-century additions.[288]
Weeting Castle Fortified manor house 12th century Fragmentary ruins [289]

Northamptonshire

Castles of which little or no traces remain include:[2]

† Fotheringhay Castle was the scene of the trial and execution of Mary, Queen of Scots in 1587.[290]

Name Type Date Condition Image Ownership / Access Notes
Astwell Castle Fortified manor house 15th century Fragment Private, farm Gatehouse survives alongside a 17th-century house.[291]
Barnwell Castle Rectangular castle c. 1266 Ruins Private [292]
Rockingham Castle Motte and bailey 13–19th century Rebuilt 13th century gatehouse survives, largely rebuilt in the 16th century, remodelled in 1660 and by Anthony Salvin in 19th century.[293]
Thorpe Waterville Castle Castle 14th century Fragment Private Great hall with fine open roof survives, altered for use as a barn.[294]

Northumberland

Castles of which little or nothing remains include:[2]

Name Type Date Condition Image Ownership / Access Notes
Alnham Vicars Pele Pele tower 14th century Restored Private [295]
Alnwick Castle Keep and bailey 12–14th century Restored
Duke of Northumberland		 Remodelled by Robert Adam and Anthony Salvin.[296]
Aydon Castle Fortified manor house 14th century Intact Converted to farmhouse 17th century.[297]
Bamburgh Castle Keep and bailey 12–14th century Restored
Lord Armstrong		 Ruinous by 1704, extensively restored in 1894–1904.[21]
Barmoor Castle Tower house 14–19th century Rebuilt Private 19th-century mansion incorporating remains of a 14th-century building.[298]
Beaufront Castle Neo-romantic castle 1836–1841 Intact Private 19th-century mansion on the site of a 15th-century tower house.[299]
Bellister Castle Castle 13–14th century Fragmentary remains Private Ruins adjoining a 17th-century house.[300]
Belsay Castle Tower house 1439–60 Intact Later ruined building attached.[301]
Berwick Castle Castle 12–13th century Fragmentary remains [302]
Bitchfield Castle Pele tower 14th century Restored Private Incorporated in later mansion.[303]
Blenkinsop Castle Tower house 14th century Ruins Private Incorporated into a 19th-century house.[304]
Bothal Castle Castle 14th century Rebuilt Private Extensively restored in the 19th century.[305]
Bywell Castle Castle 15th century Fragments Private Gatehouse survives.[306]
Callaly Castle Pele tower 14–15th century Intact Private apartments Incorporated in later country house.[307]
Cartington Castle Pele tower and extensions 14–15th century Fragmentary remains Private [308]
Chillingham Castle Quadrangular castle 1344 Intact Altered in the 17–19th centuries, restored after 1982.[309]
Chipchase Castle Tower house 14th century Intact Incorporated in Jacobean house, altered in the 18–19th centuries.[310]
Cocklaw Tower Tower house 14–15th century Shell Private, farm Near Wall.[311]
Cockle Park Tower Tower house c. 1517 Substantially intact Newcastle University [312]
Corbridge Vicar's Pele Pele tower 1318 Intact Re-roofed in 1910.[313]
Coupland Castle Tower house 16–17th century Restored Private Later additions.[314]
Craster Tower Pele tower 14–15th century Intact Holiday accommodation Incorporated in later building.[315]
Crawley Tower Pele tower 14th century Ruins Private A cottage was built within the walls in the 18th century.[316]
Cresswell Castle Pele tower 15th century Ruin 18th century-parapet.[317]
Dilston Castle Tower house 15th century Ruins Altered in the 16–17th century, later buildings demolished.[318]
Dunstanburgh Castle Keep and bailey 14th century Fragmentary ruins Spectacular coastal setting.[319]
Edlingham Castle Keep and bailey 14th century Fragmentary ruins [320]
Elsdon Tower Pele tower 16th century Intact Private Altered, rectory until 1960, restored in the 1990s.[321]
Embleton Tower Pele tower 14th century Intact Private 19th-century vicarage attached.[322]
Etal Castle Castle 14th century Fragmentary ruins [323]
Featherstone Castle Castle 14th century Intact Private 14th-century tower, three further towers added in the 18–19th century.[324]
Ford Castle Quadrangular castle 14th century Substantially intact Private Converted into mansion in the 17th century.[325]
Halton Castle Tower house 13–14th century Intact Private Attached to later house.[326]
Harbottle Castle Keep and bailey 12–14th century Fragmentary ruins
Northumberland National Park		 Captured by Robert Bruce in 1318.[327]
Haughton Castle Tower house 13–14th century Restored Private Altered in the 18–19th centuries.[328]
Hexham Moot Hall and Old Gaol Fortified towers 14–15th century Intact Probably once connected by bailey wall, AD1415 list of castles has "Turris de Hexham".[329][330]
Horsley Tower, Longhorsley Pele tower 16th century Intact Private [331]
Langley Castle Tower house c. 1350 Restored Hotel Restored in the 1890s.[332]
Lemmington Hall Tower house 15th century Restored Wedding venue Incorporated in later house.[333]
Lindisfarne Castle Artillery fort 16th century Restored Remodelled by Edwin Lutyens 1901.[334]
Mitford Castle Keep and bailey 11–13th century Fragmentary ruins [335]
Morpeth Castle Castle 1342–9 Fragments Landmark Trust Only gatehouse and a section of wall remain.[336]
Norham Castle Keep and bailey 12th century Ruins Keep remodelled in 1422–25, partly rebuilt in 1513–15.[337]
Preston Tower, Ellingham Pele tower c. 1400 Fragment South wall remains, with two of the original four turrets.[338]
Prior Castell's Tower Tower house 15–16th century Substantially intact [339]
Prudhoe Castle Castle 12–14th century Ruins [340]
Shilbottle Tower Pele tower 15th century Restored Private Incorporated into a vicarage.[341]
Shortflatt Tower Pele tower 14–15th century Restored Wedding venue Incorporated in later house.[342]
Thirlwall Castle Tower house 14th century Fragmentary ruins
Northumberland National Park		 Built with stone from Hadrian's Wall.[343]
Warkworth Castle Keep and bailey 12–14th century Ruins [344]
Whittingham Tower Pele tower 13–14th century Restored Private Converted for use as almshouses in 1845.[345]
Whitton Tower Pele tower c. 1386 Intact Holiday accommodation Near Rothbury, well-preserved.[346]
Willimoteswick Castle Fortified manor house 16th century Ruins Private, farm Incorporates remains of earlier building, largely rebuilt in 1900.[347]

North Yorkshire

Castles of which little remains include:[2]

Name Type Date Condition Image Ownership / Access Notes
Ayton Castle Castle 13–14th century Fragment
Local authority		 [348]
Barden Tower Castle 15th century Ruins [349]
Bolton Castle Quadrangular castle 14th century Ruins Besieged and slighted during English Civil War.[350]
Cawood Castle Quadrangular castle 1374–88 Fragments Landmark Trust Largely demolished in 1750, gatehouse survives.[351]
Clifford's Tower Keep 13th century Restored Reduced in height 1596.[352]
Crayke Castle Tower house 15th century Restored Private 18th- and 19th-century additions and alterations.[353]
Danby Castle Quadrangular castle 14th century Fragmentary ruins Private, farm Partly used as farm buildings.[354]
Gilling Castle Tower house 14th century Intact St. Martin's Ampleforth School 16th- and 18th-century additions and alterations.[355]
Hazlewood Castle Castle 13–18th century Rebuilt Hotel Altered in the 18th and 20th centuries, formerly Carmelite retreat centre.[356]
Hellifield Peel Tower house 14–15th century Restored Hotel Restored 2005.[357]
Helmsley Castle Castle 12–13th century Fragmentary ruins Severely slighted in 1645.[358]
Hornby Castle Courtyard castle 14–15th century Restored Private Converted to country house by John Carr, 18th century.[359]
Knaresborough Castle Keep and bailey 12–14th century Fragmentary ruins
Duchy of Lancaster		 [360]
Marmion Tower Fortified manor house 15th century Fragment Surviving gatehouse of Tanfield Castle.[361]
Middleham Castle Keep and bailey 12–14th century Ruins [362]
(Old) Mulgrave Castle Enclosure castle 12–13th century Fragmentary ruins
Marquess of Normanby		 Superseded by 18–19th-century castellated mansion also known as Mulgrave Castle.[363]
Nappa Hall Fortified manor house 1459 Intact Private Enlarged in the 17th century, little altered since.[364]
Pickering Castle Keep and bailey 12–14th century Ruins [365]
Ravensworth Castle Castle 14th century Fragmentary remains Private [366]
Richmond Castle Keep and bailey 11–14th century Ruins Keep 100 ft (30 m) high.[367]
Ripley Castle Tower house 15–16th century Rebuilt Extended in 1783–36 in Gothic Revival style.[368]
Scarborough Castle Keep and bailey 12–13th century Ruins [369]
Sheriff Hutton Castle Quadrangular castle 1382 Fragmentary ruins Private [370]
Skelton Castle Castellated house 13–19th century Intact Private 18–19th-century house incorporates remains of medieval castle.[371]
Skipton Castle Castle 12–17th century Restored Partly demolished in 1649, rebuilt in 1657–58.[372]
Snape Castle Castle 15–18th century Partly ruined Private Mostly reconstructed in the 17th century.[373]
South Cowton Castle Tower house 15th century Restored Private Altered in the 19th century, farmhouse.[374]
Spofforth Castle Fortified manor house 13–15th century Fragmentary ruins [375]
Whorlton Castle Castle 14–16th century Fragmentary ruins Remains of gatehouse.[376]
Wilton Castle Neo-romantic castle c. 1810 Intact Private apartments By Smirke on site of medieval castle.[377]

Nottinghamshire

Castles of which little remains include:[2]

Name Type Date Condition Image Ownership / Access Notes
Halloughton Manor House Pele tower 14th century Intact Private Attached to later building.[378]
Newark Castle Castle 12–14th century Ruins / Newark District Council Gatehouse, part of curtain wall and a tower remain.[379]
Nottingham Castle Keep and bailey 12–13th century Fragmentary remains
Nottingham City Council		 Demolished in 1651, later mansion on site, a much-restored 14th-century gatehouse remains.[380]

Oxfordshire

Castles of which little or nothing remains include:[2]

Name Type Date Condition Image Ownership / Access Notes
Bampton Castle Quadrangular castle c. 1315 Fragment Private Parts of gatehouse and curtain wall survive in later house, Ham Court.[381]
Broughton Castle Fortified manor house 14–15th century Intact Remodelled in the 15–18th centuries.[382]
Hanwell Castle Castellated house 15–16th century Fragment Private Large surviving tower of unfortified building.[383]
Oxford Castle Motte and bailey 11–12th century Fragment Hotel Motte and the unusual, possibly Saxon, St. George's Tower.[384]
Rotherfield Greys Castle Fortified manor house 14th century Fragment Towers and section of wall survive, close to Greys Court.[385]
Shirburn Castle Quadrangular castle c. 1378 Rebuilt Private Originally stone, largely rebuilt in brick c. 1720, remodelled in the 19th century.[386]
Wallingford Castle Motte and bailey 11–13th century Fragmentary remains Slighted in 1652, impressive earthworks remain.[387]

Rutland

Castles of which little or nothing remains include:[2]

Name Type Date Condition Image Ownership / Access Notes
Oakham Castle Motte and bailey 12–13th century Fragment / Rutland County Council Aisled great hall built in 1180–1190 survives.[388]

Shropshire

Castles of which only earthworks or vestiges remain include:[2]

Name Type Date Condition Image Ownership / Access Notes
Acton Burnell Castle Fortified manor house 13th century Ruins Shell, used as a barn in the 18th century.[389]
Alberbury Castle Castle 13th century Fragmentary remains [390]
Bridgnorth Castle Keep and bailey 12th century Fragmentary remains Slighted in 1645.[391]
Broncroft Castle Fortified manor house 14th century Intact Private Renovated in the 19th century.[392]
Cheney Longville Castle Fortified manor house 14–17th century Part habitable Private Building At Risk.[393]
Clun Castle Keep and bailey 13th century Fragmentary remains Ruins of keep built onto side of motte.[394]
Hopton Castle Keep and bailey 14th century Ruins [395]
Ludlow Castle Keep and bailey 11–14th century Ruins
Earl of Powis		 One of the great Welsh border castles.[396]
Moreton Corbet Castle Keep 12th century Fragmentary remains Adjoining ruins of a 16th-century building.[397]
Quatford Castle Neo-romantic castle c. 1830 Intact Private Nearby are earthwork remains of the medieval Quatford Castle.[398]
Red Castle Castle 13th century Fragmentary remains. Overgrown, feature of Hawkstone Park landscape garden. Building At Risk.[399]
Rowton Castle Sham castle 18–19th century Intact Hotel On site of medieval castle, remodelled in 1809–12 by George Wyatt.[400]
Shrewsbury Castle Castle 12th century Rebuilt
Shropshire Council		 Restored and extended in 1642, altered c. 1790 by Telford.[401]
Stokesay Castle Fortified manor house 13–14th century Intact Restored in the 19th century.[402]
Wattlesborough Castle Castle 13–14th century Fragment Private Near Rowton, keep/tower survives, adjoining Wattlesborough Hall.[403]
Whittington Castle Keep and bailey 12–13th century Fragments
Local community		 Gatehouse towers survive.[404]

Somerset

Castles of which only earthworks or no traces remain include:[2]

Name Type Date Condition Image Ownership / Access Notes
Banwell Castle Neo-romantic castle c. 1848 Intact Restaurant Architect not known.[405]
Beckington Castle 17th century Rebuilt Company HQ Medieval remains incorporated in later building.[406]
Dunster Castle Castle 13–19th century Rebuilt Existing house dates largely from c. 1571, with 18–19th-century alterations.[407]
Farleigh Hungerford Castle Enclosure castle 14–15th century Ruins On high ground above the River Frome.[408]
Newton St Loe Castle Fortified manor house 14th century Fragment Bath Spa University Large tower and gatehouse, altered in the 16–17th century.[409]
Nunney Castle Quadrangular castle 1373 Ruins Towers originally had conical roofs, north wall collapsed in 1910.[410]
Stogursey Castle Motte and bailey 11–12th century Fragmentary remains Landmark Trust 17th-century house built within the remains of the castle.[411]
Sutton Court Fortified manor house 14–15th century Fragment Private apartments Short length of embattled wall and a tower survive, incorporated in large house, restored in the 19th century.[412]
Taunton Castle Shell keep 13th century Restored Now houses the Museum of Somerset, Castle Hotel incorporates remains of an outer gatehouse.[413]
Walton Castle Sham castle 1615–20 Restored Private Restored as private house 20th century.[414]
Wells Bishop's Palace Fortified palace 13–15th century Substantially intact
Church of England		 Adjacent to cathedral, residence of the Bishop of Bath and Wells.[415]

South Yorkshire

Castles of which only earthworks, fragments or nothing remains include:[2]

Name Type Date Condition Image Ownership / Access Notes
Conisbrough Castle Keep and bailey 12th century Ruins Cylindrical keep, castle ruinous before English Civil War, so escaped slighting.[416]
Tickhill Castle Motte and bailey 11–14th century Fragmentary remains Duchy of Lancaster Ruined gatehouse and parts of curtain walls remain.[417]

Staffordshire

Castles of which little or nothing remains include:[2]

Name Type Date Condition Image Ownership / Access Notes
Alton Castle Castle 12–13th century Fragmentary remains Youth centre Cliff-top position, site partly occupied by a 19th-century building.[418]
Caverswall Castle Enclosure castle c. 1275 Substantially intact Private Moated, walls and towers reduced in height, a 17th-century mansion built within.[419]
Chartley Castle Motte and bailey 11–13th century Fragmentary remains Private Altered in 13th century to form enclosure castle, abandoned by 1485.[420]
Eccleshall Castle Castle 14th century Fragmentary remains Private Remains partly incorporated into house of c. 1695, rebuilt in the 19th century.[421]
Stafford Castle Motte and bailey 11–12th century Earthworks / Stafford Borough Council Medieval keep partly rebuilt in the 19th century, then partly demolished.[422]
Stourton Castle Castle 14–15th century Fragment Private Remains incorporated in later buildings.[423]
Tamworth Castle Shell keep 11–13th century Rebuilt
Local authority		 Largely rebuilt in the 16–18th centuries.[424]
Tutbury Castle Motte and bailey 12–15th century Fragmentary ruins Slighted in 1647–48, a 19th-century folly stands on the motte.[425]

Suffolk

Castles of which only earthworks or no traces remain include:[2]

Name Type Date Condition Image Ownership / Access Notes
Bungay Castle Keep and bailey 12–13th century Fragmentary remains / Bungay Castle Trust Abandoned c. 1365.[426]
Clare Castle Motte and bailey 11th century Fragmentary remains Motte 53 ft (16 m) high.[427]
Eye Castle Motte and bailey 11th century Fragmentary remains Motte over 40 ft (12 m) high.[428]
Framlingham Castle Enclosure castle 12th century Ruins Used as a poor house in the 17–19th centuries.[429]
Mettingham Castle Fortified manor house c. 1342 Fragmentary remains Private Gatehouse survives.[430]
Orford Castle Keep 1165–73 Intact Unique polygonal keep survives.[431]
Wingfield Castle Castle c. 1385 Fragment Private South curtain wall, gatehouse and east drawbridge survive, with a 16–17th-century house.[432]

Surrey

Castles of which only little or no traces remain include:[2]

Name Type Date Condition Image Ownership / Access Notes
Farnham Castle Keep and bailey 12th century Substantially intact Shell keep replaced earlier keep part buried, part remodelled in the 17th century.[433]
Guildford Castle Keep and bailey 12–13th century Ruins
Local authority		 Tower keep survives, roofless since c. 17th century.[434]

Tyne and Wear

Castles of which little remains include:[2]

Name Type Date Condition Image Ownership / Access Notes
Hylton Castle Tower house c. 1400 Ruins Large gatehouse tower, incorporated into an 18th-century house, since demolished.[435]
Newcastle Castle Keep and bailey 1172–77 Restored / Newcastle City Council Keep and gatehouse survive.[436]
Old Hollinside Fortified manor house 13th century Ruins On slope overlooking River Derwent.[437]
Ravensworth Castle Quadrangular castle 14–19th century Ruins Private Two towers of medieval castle survive, amidst ruins of later building. Building At Risk.[438]
Tynemouth Castle Enclosure castle 13–14th century Ruins Built to enclose and protect the priory, modified as artillery castle 16th century.[439]

Warwickshire

Castles of which only earthworks or vestiges remain include:[2]

Name Type Date Condition Image Ownership / Access Notes
Astley Castle Fortified manor house 13–14th century Shell Landmark Trust Altered 15–19th centuries, hotel prior to fire in 1978. Modern living space constructed within shell, winner of Stirling Prize 2013.[440]
Kenilworth Castle Keep and bailey 12–14th century Ruins Altered in the 16th century, slighted in 1650.[441]
Maxstoke Castle Quadrangular castle 14–15th century Substantially intact NGS Moated, domestic buildings of 15–19th centuries within curtain walls.[442]
Warwick Castle Castle 13–15th century Intact Guy's tower rises 128 ft (39 m), 17th-century residential block, remodelled by Anthony Salvin after fire.[443]

West Midlands

Castles of which little or no traces remain include:[2]

Name Type Date Condition Image Ownership / Access Notes
Dudley Castle Keep and bailey 13–14th century Ruins
Dudley Zoo		 Slighted in 1647, then rebuilt and inhabited until destroyed by fire in 1750, partly restored in the 19th century.[444]

West Sussex

Castles of which only little or no traces remain include:[2]

Name Type Date Condition Image Ownership / Access Notes
Amberley Castle Castle 1377–82 Partly habitable Hotel Remodelled in the 16th century and later, incorporates a 12th-century manor, working portcullis.[445]
Arundel Castle Keep and bailey 12–13th century Heavily restored
Duke of Norfolk		 Remodelled in 1791–1815 and 1890–1903.[446]
Bramber Castle Keep and bailey 11–12th century Fragmentary remains Commanding position, earthworks and fragment of wall remain.[447]
Halnaker House Fortified manor house 13–14th century Ruins Private Altered in the 18th century, fell into ruin 1880s, replaced by later house of same name.[448]
(Old) Knepp Castle Keep and motte 1214 Ruins Private 11th century motte, with keep added in 1214. Mostly demolished in 1726.[449]

West Yorkshire

Castles of which only earthworks or no traces remain include:[2]

Name Type Date Condition Image Ownership / Access Notes
Dobroyd Castle Sham Castle 1866–9 Intact Activity centre By John Gibson.[450]
Harewood Castle Tower house 14th century Ruins Private Shell of tower, substantially intact, within Harewood House estate.[451]
Pontefract Castle Enclosure castle 12–13th century Fragmentary remains
Local authority		 Royal castle, withstood three sieges during English Civil War, afterwards dismantled.[452]
Sandal Castle Motte and bailey 12th century Fragmentary remains Well-preserved earthworks, excavated site with visitor centre.[453]

Wiltshire

Castles of which only little or no traces remain include:[2]

Name Type Date Condition Image Ownership / Access Notes
Devizes Castle Neo-romantic castle 19th century Intact Private apartments Present building begun 1842 on site of important medieval castle.[454]
Longford Castle Sham castle 1591 Intact Earl of Radnor Remodelled in the 18th century.[455]
Ludgershall Castle Ringwork 11–13th century Fragmentary remains Remains of a tower and extensive earthworks.[456]
Old Sarum Castle Motte and bailey 11–13th century Fragmentary remains On site of Iron Age hill fort.[457]
Old Wardour Castle Castle c. 1393 Ruins Remodelled in the 16–17th centuries, superseded by Palladian building known as New Wardour Castle.[458]

Worcestershire

Castles of which only earthworks remain include:[2]

Name Type Date Condition Image Ownership / Access Notes
Caldwall Castle Fortified manor house 15–16th century Fragment Private Single surviving tower, in Kidderminster, Caldwall or Caldwell.[459]
Hartlebury Castle Fortified manor house 15th century Rebuilt
Church of England		 15th-century remains incorporated in later buildings, residence of Bishop of Worcester until 2007, houses Worcestershire County Museum.[460]
Holt Castle Castle 14–19th century Intact Wedding venue Medieval tower incorporated in later buildings.[461]
Worcester Castle Castle 13–14th century Fragment Church of England Edgar Tower, now the entrance to College Green, may incorporate the remains of a castle gatehouse.[462]

See also

References

Key to sources
  1. ↑ Brown (1962), p.16.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 King (1983).
  3. ↑ Brown (1962), p.24.
  4. ↑ Brown (1962), p.43.
  5. ↑ Brown (1962), p.50.
  6. ↑ Brown (1962), p.84
  7. ↑ Higham & Barker (1992), pp.194–198.
  8. ↑ Brown (1962), p.95.
  9. ↑ Brown (1962), p.221.
  10. ↑ Brown (1962), p.129.
  11. ↑ Brown (1962), p.131.
  12. ↑ Brown (1962), p.172.
  13. ↑ Brown (1962), p.15.
  14. ↑ Elton (1991), p.154.
  15. ↑ Harrington (2007), p.8.
  16. ↑ Brown (1962), p.128.
  17. ↑ Harrington (2007), p.2.
  18. 1 2 "Pendennis Castle" PSC.
  19. 1 2 Brown (1962), p.146.
  20. ↑ Creighton & Higham (2003), p.64.
  21. 1 2 "Bamburgh Castle" PSC.
  22. 1 2 3 "Belvoir Castle" PSC.
  23. ↑ Thompson (1987), pp.161–163.
  24. ↑ Impey & Parnell (2000), pp.118–121.
  25. 1 2 "Peckforton Castle" BLB.
  26. ↑ Renn (1984) pp.277–278. See King (1988), p.173 for how some people criticised the inclusion of Henry VIII's artillery forts in King's index of castles, Castellarium Anglicanum.
  27. 1 2 Pastscape
  28. 1 2 "Portchester Castle" PSC.
  29. 1 2 3 Gatehouse
  30. ↑ "Greystoke Castle " PSC.
  31. 1 2 "Thurland Castle" PSC.
  32. 1 2 3 British Listed Buildings
  33. 1 2 "Corby Castle " PSC.
  34. ↑ "Bedford Castle" PSC.
  35. ↑ "Someries Castle" PSC.
  36. ↑ "Donnington Castle" PSC.
  37. ↑ "Windsor Castle" BLB.
  38. ↑ "Boarstall Tower" PSC.
  39. ↑ "Buckden Palace" PSC.
  40. ↑ "Elton Hall" PSC.
  41. ↑ "Kimbolton Castle" PSC.
  42. ↑ "Kirtling Tower" PSC.
  43. ↑ "Longthorpe Tower" PSC.
  44. ↑ "Northborough Castle" PSC.
  45. ↑ "Woodcroft Castle" PSC.
  46. ↑ "Beeston Castle" PSC.
  47. ↑ "Chester Castle" PSC.
  48. ↑ "Cholmondeley Castle" BLB.
  49. ↑ "Delves Hall" PSC.
  50. ↑ "Halton Castle" PSC.
  51. ↑ "Auckland Castle" PSC.
  52. ↑ "Barnard Castle" PSC.
  53. ↑ "Bowes Castle" PSC.
  54. ↑ "Brancepeth Castle" PSC.
  55. ↑ "Durham Castle" PSC.
  56. ↑ "Lambton Castle" PSC.
  57. ↑ "Lumley Castle" PSC.
  58. ↑ "Mortham Tower" PSC.
  59. ↑ "Raby Castle" PSC.
  60. ↑ "Lambton Castle" PSC.
  61. ↑ "Scargill Castle" PSC.
  62. ↑ "Walworth Castle" PSC.
  63. ↑ "Witton Castle" PSC.
  64. ↑ "Caerhays Castle" PSC.
  65. ↑ "Carn Brea Castle" PSC.
  66. ↑ "Ince Castle" PSC.
  67. ↑ "Launceston Castle" PSC.
  68. ↑ "Pengersick Castle" PSC.
  69. ↑ "Place House" PSC.
  70. ↑ "Restormel Castle" PSC.
  71. ↑ "St. Catherine's Castle" PSC.
  72. ↑ "St. Mawes Castle" PSC.
  73. ↑ "St. Michael's Mount" PSC.
  74. ↑ "Tintagel Castle" PSC.
  75. ↑ "Trematon Castle" PSC.
  76. ↑ "Appleby Castle" PSC.
  77. ↑ "Armathwaite Castle" PSC.
  78. ↑ "Arnside Tower" PSC.
  79. ↑ "Askerton Castle" PSC.
  80. ↑ "Beetham Hall" PSC.
  81. ↑ "Bewcastle Castle" PSC.
  82. ↑ "Bewley Castle" PSC.
  83. ↑ "Blencow Hall" PSC.
  84. ↑ "Brackenburgh Old Tower" PSC.
  85. ↑ "Brackenhill Tower" PSC.
  86. ↑ "Branthwaite Hall" PSC.
  87. ↑ "Brough Castle" PSC.
  88. ↑ "Brougham Castle" PSC.
  89. ↑ "Brougham Hall" PSC.
  90. ↑ "Broughton Tower" PSC.
  91. ↑ "Burneside Hall" PSC.
  92. ↑ "Carlisle Castle" PSC.
  93. ↑ "Catterlen Hall" PSC.
  94. ↑ "Clifton Hall" PSC.
  95. ↑ "Cockermouth Castle" PSC.
  96. ↑ "Dacre Castle" PSC.
  97. ↑ "Dalston Hall" PSC.
  98. ↑ "Dalton Castle" PSC.
  99. ↑ "Drawdykes Castle" PSC.
  100. ↑ "Drumburgh Castle" PSC.
  101. ↑ "Gleaston Castle" PSC.
  102. ↑ "Greystoke Castle" PSC.
  103. ↑ "Harbybrow Tower" PSC.
  104. ↑ "Hayton Castle" PSC.
  105. ↑ "Hazelslack Tower" PSC.
  106. ↑ "Howgill Castle" PSC.
  107. ↑ "Hutton-in-the-Forest" PSC.
  108. ↑ "Hutton John" PSC.
  109. ↑ "Ingmire Hall" PSC.
  110. ↑ "Isel Hall" PSC.
  111. ↑ "Kendal Castle" PSC.
  112. ↑ "Kentmere Hall" PSC.
  113. ↑ "Kirkandrews Tower" PSC.
  114. ↑ "Linstock Castle" PSC.
  115. ↑ "Lowther Castle" PSC.
  116. ↑ "Middleton Hall" PSC.
  117. ↑ "Millom Castle" PSC.
  118. ↑ "Muncaster Castle" PSC.
  119. ↑ "Naworth Castle" PSC.
  120. ↑ "Newbiggin Hall" PSC.
  121. ↑ "Pendragon Castle" PSC.
  122. ↑ "Penrith Castle" PSC.
  123. ↑ "Piel Castle" PSC.
  124. ↑ "Prior's Tower" PSC.
  125. ↑ "Rose Castle" PSC.
  126. ↑ "Scaleby Castle" PSC.
  127. ↑ "Sizergh Castle" PSC.
  128. ↑ "Toppin Castle" BLB.
  129. ↑ "Ubarrow Hall" PSC.
  130. ↑ "Wharton Hall" PSC.
  131. ↑ "Whitehall, Allhallows" BLB.
  132. ↑ Emery (1996), p.256.
  133. ↑ "Workington Hall" PSC.
  134. ↑ "Wray Castle" PSC.
  135. ↑ "Wraysholme Tower" PSC.
  136. ↑ "Yanwath Hall" PSC.
  137. ↑ "Bolsover Castle" PSC.
  138. ↑ "Codnor Castle" PSC.
  139. ↑ "Elvaston Castle" PSC.
  140. ↑ "Haddon Hall" PSC.
  141. ↑ "Mackworth Castle" PSC.
  142. ↑ "Peveril Castle" PSC.
  143. ↑ "Riber Castle" BLB.
  144. ↑ "Wingfield Manor" PSC.
  145. ↑ "Affeton Castle" BLB.
  146. ↑ "Berry Pomeroy Castle" PSC.
  147. ↑ "Bickleigh Castle" PSC.
  148. ↑ "Compton Castle" PSC.
  149. ↑ "Dartmouth Castle" PSC.
  150. ↑ "Castle Drogo" PSC.
  151. ↑ "Gidleigh Castle" PSC.
  152. ↑ "Hemyock Castle" PSC.
  153. ↑ "Kingswear Castle" PSC.
  154. ↑ "Lydford Castle" PSC.
  155. ↑ "Marisco Castle" PSC.
  156. ↑ "Okehampton Castle" PSC.
  157. ↑ "Plympton Castle" PSC.
  158. ↑ "Powderham Castle" PSC.
  159. ↑ "Rougemont Castle" PSC.
  160. ↑ "Salcombe Castle" PSC.
  161. ↑ "Tiverton Castle" PSC.
  162. ↑ "Totnes Castle" PSC.
  163. ↑ "Watermouth Castle" PSC.
  164. ↑ "Brownsea Castle" PSC.
  165. ↑ "Christchurch Castle" PSC.
  166. ↑ "Corfe Castle" PSC.
  167. ↑ "Lulworth Castle" PSC.
  168. ↑ "Pennsylvania Castle" PSC.
  169. ↑ "Portland Castle" PSC.
  170. ↑ "Rufus Castle" PSC.
  171. ↑ "Sherborne Old Castle" PSC.
  172. ↑ "Woodsford Castle" PSC.
  173. ↑ "Paull Holme Tower" PSC.
  174. ↑ "Skipsea Castle" PSC.
  175. ↑ "Wressle Castle" PSC.
  176. ↑ "Bodiam Castle" PSC.
  177. ↑ "Camber Castle" PSC.
  178. ↑ "Hastings Castle" PSC.
  179. ↑ "Herstmonceux Castle" PSC.
  180. ↑ "Lewes Castle" PSC.
  181. ↑ "Pevensey Castle" PSC.
  182. ↑ "Ypres Tower" PSC.
  183. ↑ "Pleshey Castle" PSC.
  184. ↑ "Colchester Castle" PSC.
  185. ↑ "Hadleigh Castle" PSC.
  186. ↑ "Hedingham Castle" PSC.
  187. ↑ "Walden Castle" PSC.
  188. ↑ "Berkeley Castle" PSC.
  189. ↑ "Beverstone Castle" PSC.
  190. ↑ "St. Briavel's Castle" PSC.
  191. ↑ "Sudeley Castle" PSC.
  192. ↑ "Thornbury Castle" PSC.
  193. ↑ "White Tower" PSC.
  194. ↑ "Radcliffe Tower" PSC.
  195. ↑ "Calshot Castle" PSC.
  196. ↑ "Hurst Castle" PSC.
  197. ↑ "Netley Castle" PSC.
  198. ↑ "Odiham Castle" PSC.
  199. ↑ "Southampton Castle" PSC.
  200. ↑ "Southsea Castle" PSC.
  201. ↑ "Winchester Castle" PSC.
  202. ↑ "Wolvesey Castle" PSC.
  203. ↑ "Ewyas Harold Castle" PSC.
  204. ↑ "Brampton Bryan Castle" PSC.
  205. ↑ "Clifford Castle" PSC.
  206. ↑ "Croft Castle" PSC.
  207. ↑ "Downton Castle" BLB.
  208. ↑ "Eastnor Castle" PSC.
  209. ↑ "Goodrich Castle" PSC.
  210. ↑ "Hampton Court" PSC.
  211. ↑ "Kentchurch Court" PSC.
  212. ↑ "Kinnersley Castle" PSC.
  213. ↑ "Longtown Castle" PSC.
  214. ↑ "Pembridge Castle" PSC.
  215. ↑ "Snodhill Castle" PSC.
  216. ↑ "Treago Castle" PSC.
  217. ↑ "Wigmore Castle" PSC.
  218. ↑ "Wilton Castle" PSC.
  219. ↑ "Defending the Castle". Retrieved 10 February 2015.
  220. ↑ "Berkhamsted Castle" PSC.
  221. ↑ "Hertford Castle" PSC.
  222. ↑ "Carisbrooke Castle" PSC.
  223. ↑ "Norris Castle" PSC.
  224. ↑ "Yarmouth Castle" PSC.
  225. ↑ "West Cowes Castle" PSC.
  226. ↑ "Cromwell's Castle" PSC.
  227. ↑ "Star Castle" PSC.
  228. ↑ "Allington Castle" PSC.
  229. ↑ "Canterbury Castle" PSC.
  230. ↑ "Chiddingstone Castle" PSC.
  231. ↑ "Chilham Castle" PSC.
  232. ↑ "Cooling Castle" PSC.
  233. ↑ "Deal Castle" PSC.
  234. ↑ "Dover Castle" PSC.
  235. ↑ "Eynsford Castle" PSC.
  236. ↑ "Hever Castle" PSC.
  237. ↑ "Kingsgate Castle" BLB.
  238. ↑ "Leeds Castle" PSC.
  239. ↑ "Leybourne Castle" PSC.
  240. ↑ "Lullingstone Castle" PSC.
  241. ↑ "Lympne Castle" PSC.
  242. ↑ "Otford Palace 1" "Otford Palace 2" BLB.
  243. ↑ "Penshurst Place" BLB.
  244. ↑ Brown (1962), p.69.
  245. ↑ "Rochester Castle" PSC.
  246. ↑ "St. Leonard's Tower" PSC.
  247. ↑ "Saltwood Castle" PSC.
  248. ↑ "Sandgate Castle" PSC.
  249. ↑ "Scotney Castle" PSC.
  250. ↑ "Sissinghurst Castle" PSC.
  251. ↑ "Starkey Castle" BLB.
  252. ↑ "Stone Castle" PSC.
  253. ↑ "Sutton Valence Castle" PSC.
  254. ↑ "Tonbridge Castle" PSC.
  255. ↑ "Upnor Castle" PSC.
  256. ↑ "Walmer Castle" PSC.
  257. ↑ "Westenhanger Castle" PSC.
  258. ↑ "Ashton Hall" PSC.
  259. ↑ "Borwick Hall" PSC.
  260. ↑ "Clitheroe Castle" PSC.
  261. ↑ "Hornby Castle" PSC.
  262. ↑ "Lancaster Castle" PSC.
  263. ↑ "Turton Tower" PSC.
  264. ↑ "Ashby de la Zouch Castle" PSC.
  265. ↑ "Kirby Muxloe Castle" PSC.
  266. ↑ "Leicester Castle" PSC.
  267. ↑ "Goltho Castle" PSC.
  268. ↑ "Bolingbroke Castle" PSC.
  269. ↑ "Grimsthorpe Castle" PSC.
  270. ↑ "Hussey Tower" PSC.
  271. ↑ "Kyme Tower" PSC.
  272. ↑ "Lincoln Castle" PSC.
  273. ↑ "Rochford Tower" PSC.
  274. ↑ "Somerton Castle" PSC.
  275. ↑ "Tattershall Castle" PSC.
  276. ↑ "Torksey Castle" PSC.
  277. ↑ "Brimstage Hall" PSC.
  278. ↑ "Leasowe Castle" PSC.
  279. ↑ Brown (1962), p.59.
  280. ↑ "Thetford Castle" PSC.
  281. ↑ "Baconsthorpe Castle" PSC.
  282. ↑ "Burgh Castle" PSC.
  283. ↑ "Caister Castle" PSC.
  284. ↑ "Castle Acre Castle" PSC.
  285. ↑ "Castle Rising Castle" PSC.
  286. ↑ "Claxton Castle" PSC.
  287. ↑ "Norwich Castle" PSC.
  288. ↑ "Oxburgh Hall" PSC.
  289. ↑ "Weeting Castle" PSC.
  290. ↑ "Fotheringhay Castle" PSC.
  291. ↑ "Astwell Castle" PSC.
  292. ↑ "Barnwell Castle" PSC.
  293. ↑ "Rockingham Castle" PSC.
  294. ↑ "Thorpe Waterville Castle" PSC.
  295. ↑ "Alnham Vicars Pele" PSC.
  296. ↑ "Alnwick Castle" PSC.
  297. ↑ "Aydon Castle" PSC.
  298. ↑ "Barmoor Castle" BLB.
  299. ↑ "Beaufront Castle" PSC.
  300. ↑ "Bellister Castle" PSC.
  301. ↑ "Belsay Castle" PSC.
  302. ↑ "Berwick Castle" PSC.
  303. ↑ "Bitchfield Castle" PSC.
  304. ↑ "Blenkinsop Castle" PSC.
  305. ↑ "Bothal Castle" PSC.
  306. ↑ "Bywell Castle" PSC.
  307. ↑ "Callaly Castle" PSC.
  308. ↑ "Cartington Castle" PSC.
  309. ↑ "Chillingham Castle" PSC.
  310. ↑ "Chipchase Castle" PSC.
  311. ↑ "Cocklaw Tower" PSC.
  312. ↑ "Cockle Park Tower" PSC.
  313. ↑ "Corbridge Vicar's Pele" PSC.
  314. ↑ "Coupland Castle" PSC.
  315. ↑ "Craster Tower" PSC.
  316. ↑ "Crawley Tower" PSC.
  317. ↑ "Cresswell Castle" PSC.
  318. ↑ "Dilston Castle" PSC.
  319. ↑ "Dunstanburgh Castle" PSC.
  320. ↑ "Edlingham Castle" PSC.
  321. ↑ "Elsdon Tower" PSC.
  322. ↑ "Embleton Tower" PSC.
  323. ↑ "Etal Castle" PSC.
  324. ↑ "Featherstone Castle" PSC.
  325. ↑ "Ford Castle" PSC.
  326. ↑ "Halton Castle" PSC.
  327. ↑ "Harbottle Castle" PSC.
  328. ↑ "Haughton Castle" PSC.
  329. ↑ "Hexham Moot Hall" PSC.
  330. ↑ "Hexham Old Gaol" PSC.
  331. ↑ "Horsley Tower" PSC.
  332. ↑ "Langley Castle" PSC.
  333. ↑ "Lemmington Hall" PSC.
  334. ↑ "Lindisfarne Castle" PSC.
  335. ↑ "Mitford Castle" PSC.
  336. ↑ "Morpeth Castle" PSC.
  337. ↑ "Norham Castle" PSC.
  338. ↑ "Preston Tower" PSC.
  339. ↑ "Prior Castell's Tower" PSC.
  340. ↑ "Prudhoe Castle" PSC.
  341. ↑ "Shilbottle Tower" PSC.
  342. ↑ "Shortflatt Tower" PSC.
  343. ↑ "Thirlwall Castle" PSC.
  344. ↑ "Warkworth Castle" PSC.
  345. ↑ "Whittingham Tower" PSC.
  346. ↑ "Whitton Tower" PSC.
  347. ↑ "Willimoteswick Castle" Gatehouse
  348. ↑ "Ayton Castle" PSC.
  349. ↑ "Barden Tower" PSC.
  350. ↑ "Bolton Castle" PSC.
  351. ↑ "Cawood Castle" PSC.
  352. ↑ "Clifford's Tower" PSC.
  353. ↑ "Crayke Castle" BLB.
  354. ↑ "Danby Castle" PSC.
  355. ↑ "Gilling Castle" PSC.
  356. ↑ "Hazlewood Castle" PSC.
  357. ↑ "Hellifield Peel" PSC.
  358. ↑ "Helmsley Castle" PSC.
  359. ↑ "Hornby Castle" PSC.
  360. ↑ "Knaresborough Castle" PSC.
  361. ↑ "Marmion Tower" PSC.
  362. ↑ "Middleham Castle" PSC.
  363. ↑ "Old Mulgrave Castle" PSC.
  364. ↑ "Nappa Hall" BLB.
  365. ↑ "Pickering Castle" PSC.
  366. ↑ "Ravensworth Castle" PSC.
  367. ↑ "Richmond Castle" PSC.
  368. ↑ "Ripley Castle" PSC.
  369. ↑ "Scarborough Castle" PSC.
  370. ↑ "Sheriff Hutton Castle" PSC.
  371. ↑ "Skelton Castle" BLB.
  372. ↑ "Skipton Castle" PSC.
  373. ↑ "Snape Castle" BLB.
  374. ↑ "South Cowton Castle" PSC.
  375. ↑ "Spofforth Castle" PSC.
  376. ↑ "Whorlton Castle" PSC.
  377. ↑ "Wilton Castle" BLB.
  378. ↑ "Halloughton Manor House" PSC.
  379. ↑ "Newark Castle" PSC.
  380. ↑ "Nottingham Castle" PSC.
  381. ↑ "Bampton Castle" PSC.
  382. ↑ "Broughton Castle" PSC.
  383. ↑ "Hanwell Castle" PSC.
  384. ↑ Blair (1998), p.137.
  385. ↑ "Greys Court" PSC.
  386. ↑ "Shirburn Castle" PSC.
  387. ↑ "Wallingford Castle" PSC.
  388. ↑ "Oakham Castle" PSC.
  389. ↑ "Acton Burnell Castle" PSC.
  390. ↑ "Alberbury Castle" PSC.
  391. ↑ "Bridgnorth Castle" PSC.
  392. ↑ "Broncroft Castle" PSC.
  393. ↑ "Cheney Longville Castle" PSC.
  394. ↑ "Clun Castle" PSC.
  395. ↑ "Hopton Castle" PSC.
  396. ↑ "Ludlow Castle" PSC.
  397. ↑ "Moreton Corbet Castle" PSC.
  398. ↑ "Quatford Castle" BLB.
  399. ↑ "Red Castle" PSC.
  400. ↑ "Rowton Castle" PSC.
  401. ↑ "Shrewsbury Castle" PSC.
  402. ↑ "Stokesay Castle" PSC.
  403. ↑ "Wattlesborough Castle" PSC.
  404. ↑ "Whittington Castle" PSC.
  405. ↑ "Banwell Castle" PSC.
  406. ↑ Buildings of England, Somerset: South & West (1958) ISBN 978-0-300-09644-6.
  407. ↑ "Dunster Castle" PSC.
  408. ↑ "Farleigh Hungerford Castle" PSC.
  409. ↑ "Newton St Loe" PSC.
  410. ↑ "Nunney Castle" PSC.
  411. ↑ "Stogursey Castle" PSC.
  412. ↑ "Sutton Court" PSC.
  413. ↑ "Taunton Castle" PSC.
  414. ↑ "Walton Castle" PSC.
  415. ↑ "Wells Bishop's Palace" BLB.
  416. ↑ "Conisbrough Castle" PSC.
  417. ↑ "Tickhill Castle" PSC.
  418. ↑ "Alton Castle" PSC.
  419. ↑ "Caverswall Castle" PSC.
  420. ↑ "Chartley Castle" PSC.
  421. ↑ "Eccleshall Castle" PSC.
  422. ↑ "Stafford Castle" PSC.
  423. ↑ "Stourton Castle" PSC.
  424. ↑ "Tamworth Castle" PSC.
  425. ↑ "Tutbury Castle" PSC.
  426. ↑ "Bungay Castle" PSC.
  427. ↑ "Clare Castle" PSC.
  428. ↑ "Eye Castle" PSC.
  429. ↑ "Framlingham Castle" PSC.
  430. ↑ "Mettingham Castle" PSC.
  431. ↑ "Orford Castle" PSC.
  432. ↑ "Wingfield Castle" PSC.
  433. ↑ "Farnham Castle" PSC.
  434. ↑ "Guildford Castle" PSC.
  435. ↑ "Hylton Castle" PSC.
  436. ↑ "Newcastle Castle" PSC.
  437. ↑ "Old Hollinside" PSC.
  438. ↑ "Ravensworth Castle" PSC.
  439. ↑ "Tynemouth Castle" PSC.
  440. ↑ "Astley Castle" PSC.
  441. ↑ "Kenilworth Castle" PSC.
  442. ↑ "Maxstoke Castle" PSC.
  443. ↑ "Warwick Castle" PSC.
  444. ↑ "Dudley Castle" PSC.
  445. ↑ "Amberley Castle" PSC.
  446. ↑ "Arundel Castle" PSC.
  447. ↑ "Bramber Castle" PSC.
  448. ↑ "Halnaker House" PSC.
  449. ↑ http://www.pastscape.org.uk/hob.aspx?hob_id=396696&sort=4&search=exact&criteria=Knepp%20Castle&rational=q&recordsperpage=10
  450. ↑ "Dobroyd Castle" PSC.
  451. ↑ "Harewood Castle" PSC.
  452. ↑ "Pontefract Castle" PSC.
  453. ↑ "Sandal Castle" PSC.
  454. ↑ "Devizes Castle" PSC.
  455. ↑ "Longford Castle" PSC.
  456. ↑ "Ludgershall Castle" PSC.
  457. ↑ "Old Sarum Castle" PSC.
  458. ↑ "Old Wardour Castle" PSC.
  459. ↑ "Caldwall Castle" PSC.
  460. ↑ "Hartlebury Castle" PSC.
  461. ↑ "Holt Castle" PSC.
  462. ↑ "Worcester Castle" PSC.

Bibliography

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