Murshidabad

Murshidabad
মুর্শিদাবাদ
City

The grounds of Hazarduari Palace, Murshidabad's most famous landmark
Murshidabad

Location in West Bengal

Coordinates: 24°11′N 88°16′E / 24.18°N 88.27°E / 24.18; 88.27Coordinates: 24°11′N 88°16′E / 24.18°N 88.27°E / 24.18; 88.27
Country  India
State West Bengal
District Murshidabad
Elevation 10 m (30 ft)
Population (2011)[1]
 • Total 44,019
Time zone IST (UTC+5:30)
PIN 74****
Telephone code 91-3472-2xxxxx
Lok Sabha constituency Murshidabad
Vidhan Sabha constituency Murshidabad
Website murshidabad.nic.in

Murshidabad (Pron: ˈmʊəʃɪdəˌbɑ:d/bæd or ˈmɜ:ʃɪdəˌ)[nb 1] is a city in Murshidabad district of West Bengal state in India. The city of Murshidabad is located on the eastern bank of the Bhagirathi, a tributary of the Ganges River.[2]

Geography

The District Of Murshidabad has an area of 2143 sq. m. It is divided into two nearly equal portions by the Bhagirathi, the ancient channel of the Ganges. The tract to the west, known as the Rarh, consists of hard clay and nodular limestone. The general level is high, but interspersed with marshes and seamed by hill torrents. The Bagri or eastern half belongs to alluvial plains of eastern Bengal. There are few permanent swamps; but the whole country is low-lying, and liable to annual inundation. In the north-west are a few small detached hillocks, said to be of basaltic formation.[2]

History

Murshidabad was a town and district of British India, in the Bengal Presidency. In the Mughal period it was the capital of Bengal. The town of Murshidabad is on the left bank of the Hooghly River or main channel of the Ganges.[2]

In 1704, Murshid Quli Khan, the Diwan of Bengal under Aurangzeb transferred the capital from Dacca (now Dhaka in Bangladesh), and renamed the city Murshidabad after his own name. In 1716, he attained the title of Nawab (ruler) of the Subah (province) of Bengal, and Murshidabad became his capital.

The family of Jagat Seth maintained their position as state bankers at Murshidabad from generation to generation. Even after the conquest of Bengal by the British, Murshidabad remained for some time the seat of administration. Warren Hastings removed the supreme civil and criminal courts to Calcutta in 1772, but in 1775 the latter courts were brought back to Murshidabad again. In 1790, under Lord Cornwallis, the entire revenue and judicial staffs were moved to Calcutta.[2] The town was still the residence of the nawab, who ranked as the first nobleman of the province with the style of Nawab Bahadur of Murshidabad, instead of Nawab Nazim of Bengal. The Hazarduari Palace, dating back to 1837, is a magnificent building. The city still bears memories of Nawabs with other palaces, mosques, tombs, and gardens, and retains such industries as carving in ivory, gold and silver embroidery, and silk-weaving. A college was maintained for the education of the nawab's family.[2] Rao Jogendra Narayan Roy king of Lalgola is remembered for his philanthropic work and charity.

It was constituted as a municipality in 1869, which remains to the present day.[3]

The population in 1901 was 15,168. The major industry within the district at that time was that of silk, formerly of much importance, was revived with government assistance.[2] The city is also famous for producing exotic mango and litchi. A narrow-gauge railway crosses the district, from the East Indian line at Nalhati to Azimganj on the Bhagirathi, the home of many rich Jain merchants; a branch of the Eastern Bengal railway was opened.[2] Baharampur, the capital of Murshidabad, has grown in importance, population & size; as of 2011 it is the 7th largest city in West Bengal.

Historic places

While it features extensively in history books, the large potential for heritage tourism has been somewhat neglected. Of historic interest are Nizamat Kila (the Fortress of the Nawabs), also known as the Hazaarduari Palace (Palace of a Thousand Doors), built by Duncan McLeod of the Bengal Engineers in 1837, in the Italianate style, the Moti Jhil (Pearl Lake) just to the south of the palace, the Muradbagh Palace and the Khushbagh Cemetery, where the remains of Ali Vardi Khan and Siraj Ud Daulah are interred.[4]

Hazarduari Palace is located in the campus of Kila Nizamat of Murshidabad. It was built in the nineteenth century by architect Duncan Macleod, under the reign of Nawab Nazim Humayun Jah of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa (1824–1838). The foundation stone of the palace was laid on August 9, 1829, and that very day the construction work was started. William Cavendish was the then Governor-General. Now, Hazarduari Palace is the most conspicuous building in Murshidabad. In 1985, the palace was handed over to the Archaeological Survey of India for better preservation.

The present Nizamat Imambara was built in 1847 AD by Nawab Nazim Mansoor Ali Khan Feradun Jah,who succeeded his father Nawab Nazim Humayun Jah in Murshidabad, India. It was built after the fires of 1842 and 1846 which burnt the wooden Imambara built by Nawab Siraj ud-Daulah. This Imambara is the largest one in India and Bengal.

The Katra Masjid (also known as Katra Mosque) is a mosque and the tomb of Nawab Murshid Quli Khan built between 1723 and 1724. It is located in the north eastern side of the city. Its importance lies not only as a great centre of Islamic learning but also for the tomb of Murshid Quli Khan, who is buried under the entrance staircase. The most striking feature is the two large corner towers having loopholes for musketry. At present it is maintained and protected by the Archaeological Survey of India and the Government of West Bengal.

Bacchawali Tope is a gun, rather cannon which lies in the Nizamat Fort Campus on the garden space between the Nizamat Imambara and the Hazarduari Palace and to the east of the old Madina Mosque. The cannon consists two pieces of different diameters. The cannon was made between the 12th and 14th century, probably by the Mohammeddan rulers of Gaur. It originally lied on the sand banks of Ichaganj. However, it is unknown that how it came in Ichaganj. It was used to protect the city of Murshidabad from north-western attacks. After the 1846 fire of the Nizamat Imambara the Imambara was rebuilt, then after the completion of the new Imambara the cannon was shifted to its present site by Sadeq Ali Khan, the architect of the sacred Nizamat Imambara under the suggestion of Sir Henry Torrens, the then agent of the Governor General at Murshidabad.

Economics

The city today is a center for agriculture, handicrafts and sericulture. The famous Murshidabad Silk, much in demand for making saris and scarves, is produced in the like-named city in Uttar Pradesh.

Demographics

Religion in Murshidabad[5]
Murshidabad Percent
Muslim
  
 75.09%
Hindu
  
 23.89%
Christians
  
 0.04%
Sikhs
  
 0.04%
Others
  
 0.94%

As of 2011 India census, Murshidabad had a population of 44,019. Males constitute 51% (22,177) of the population and females 49% (21,842). Murshidabad has an average literacy rate of 81.9%, higher than the national average of 74%: male literacy is 86%, and female literacy is 78%. In Murshidabad, 10% of the population is under 6 years of age.[6]

Educational institutes

Educations institutes in Murshidabad include:

Schools

Dharmadanga Primary School, Dharmadanga, Bewa, Farakka

  • Dharmadanga High School (Higher Secondary, Science & Commerce), Dharmadanga, Bewa, Farakka
  • Beharia High School,Beharia
  • Mary Immaculate School, Berhampore
  • New Immaculate English School, Lalbagh
  • Delhi Public School, Farakka
  • Farakka Barrage Project High School, Farakka
  • Arjunpur High School, Arjunpur
  • Nimtita G.D institutions, Nimtita
  • Aurangabad valika Vidyalaya, Aurangabad
  • Aurangabad boy's high school, Aurangabad
  • Chhabghati K.D Vidyalaya, Aurangabad
  • Kandi Raj High School, kandi
  • Jemo n.n high school, kandi
  • Kandi Manindra Chandra Vidyapith, Kandi
  • J. N. Academy, Berhampore
  • Maharani Kashiiswari Girls' High School, Berhampore
  • Gorabazar Iswar Chandra Institution, Berhampore
  • Mahakali Pathshala (Girl's), Berhampore
  • Gurudas Tarasundari Institution, Khagra, Berhampore
  • Krishnath College School, Berhampore
  • Lipika Memorial Girls' High School, Indraprastha, Berhampore
  • Manindra Chandra Vidyapith, Berhampore
  • Seva Milani Girls' High School, Berhampore
  • Srish Chandra Girls' High School, Gorabazar, Berhampore
  • Nawab Bahadur's Institution, Lalbagh, Murshidabad
  • Lalbag M. M. C. Girls' High School, Lalbag, Murshidabad
  • Singhi High School, Lalbag, Murshidabad
  • Raja Bijay Singh High School, Jiaganj, Murshidabad
  • Sargachi Ramakrishna Mission High School, Sargachi
  • Sompara Nani Bala Chandra High School, Sompara, Murshidabad
  • Sompara Girls High School, Sompara, Murshidabad
  • Bhabta Azizia High Madrasah
  • Momintola Senior Madrasah, Momintola, Raghunathganj
  • Hasanpur rajesweri vidypith, hasanpur, lalbag, murshidabad
  • Daulatabad N.B.S Highschool, daulatabad, murshidabad
  • Hareknagar A.M. Institution, Hareknagar, Beldanga, Murshidabad
  • Ahiran Hemangini Vidyaytan School (H.S.), Ahiran, Suti I, Murshidabad
  • raghunathganj high school, raghunathganj, murshidabad
Colleges
  • Aligarh Muslim University (murshidabad centre ),Jangipur Barrage (Ahiran)
  • Rani Dhanyakumari College, Jiaganj
  • Sripat Singh College
  • Berhampore Girls' College, Berhampore
  • K.N. College, Berhampur
  • Berhampore College, Berhampore
  • Subhas Chandra Bose Centenary College, Lalbag
  • D N College, Aurangabad
  • Kandi Raj College, Kandi, Murshidabad
  • Raja Birendra Chandra College, Kandi, Murshidabad
  • Sewnarayan Rameswar Fatepuria College, Beldanga
  • Sagardighi Mahavidyalaya, Sagardighi
  • Prof. Sayed Nurul Hassan College, Farakka
  • Panchthupi Haripada Gouribala College, Panchthupi, Murshidabad
  • Nur Mohammad Smriti Mahavidyalaya, Dhulian
  • Nagar College, Nagar, Murshidabad
  • Nabagram Amar Chand Kundu College, Nabagram, Murshidabad
  • Murshidabad Adarsha Mahavidyalaya, Chalk Islampur, Murshidabad
  • Muzaffar Ahmed Mahavidyalaya, Salar, Murshidabad
  • Lalgola College, Lalgola
  • Jatindra Rajendra Mahavidyalaya, Amtala, Murshidabad
  • Jangipur College, Jangipur
  • Jalangi Mahavidyalaya, Jalangi
  • Hazi A.K. Khan College, Hariharpara, Murshidabad
  • Dumkal College, Dumkal
  • Domkal Girls’ College, Dumkal
  • Dukhulal Nibaran Chandra College, Aurangabad, Murshidabad
  • Management Development Institute, Murshidabad[7]
Engineering colleges
  • Government College of Engineering & Textile Technology, Berhampore
  • Murshidabad Institute of Technology, Berhampore
  • Murshidabad College of Engineer and Technology, Berhampore
  • Jiaganj College of Engineering and Technology, Jiaganj
  • Dumkal Institute of Technology, Dumkal
  • Bcare Institute Of Management And Technology
  • Sheikhpara Abdur Rahman Memorial Polytechnic, Sheikhpara
Diploma Engineering colleges
  • Murshidabad Institute of Technology, Berhampore (Govt)
  • Sheikhpara Abdur Rahman Memorial Polytechnic, Sheikhpara (Govt)
  • Jiaganj College of Engineering and Technology, Jiaganj (Private)
  • Dumkal Institute of Technology, Dumkal (Private)
  • Jakir Hossain Institute of Polytechnic,Aurangabad
Management colleges

Training institutes

Training institutes in Murshidabad include:

Notable residents

Nawabs
Literature
Music, Painting and Performing Arts

Notes

  1. ↑ Earlier European spellings include Muxadavad, Murshedabud, Murshedabad, Murshedebad, Murshidabud, Murshidabad, Murshidebad, Mursedabad, Mursidabud, Mursidabad, Moorshedabud, Moorshedabad, Moorshedebad, Moorshidabad, Moorsedabad, Moorsidabad, Mourshedabad, Mourshedebad, Mourshidabad, Murschidabad, Murschedabad, Moorschedabad, and Moorschidabad, among others.

References

  1. ↑ "Census of India Search details". censusindia.gov.in. Retrieved 10 May 2015.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Encyclopedia Britannica.
  3. ↑ Chandra, Arup (2015). Murshidabad Itibritta. Berhampore, Murshidabad, West Bengal: Basabhumi Prakashan. p. 100. ISBN 9788193047422.
  4. ↑ Basu, Saurab. "Trip Taken from June – 10th to 12th - 2006". Murshidabad – The Land of the Legendary ‘Siraj-ud-dullah’ Unveiled. History of Bengal. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
  5. ↑ "Towns in Murshidabad - Religion 2011". Census 2011. Retrieved 16 November 2015.
  6. ↑ "Census of India 2011: Data from the 2011 Census, including cities, villages and towns". Retrieved 19 January 2016.
  7. ↑ "MDI's new campus in Murshidabad to open this July- Business News".

Bibliography

Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Murshidabad.

Public Domain This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "article name needed". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 

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