Nandigram I

Nandigram I
নন্দীগ্রাম I
Community development block
সমষ্টি উন্নয়ন ব্লক
Nandigram I

Location in West Bengal, India

Coordinates: 22°00′29″N 87°59′01″E / 22.0081°N 87.9837°E / 22.0081; 87.9837Coordinates: 22°00′29″N 87°59′01″E / 22.0081°N 87.9837°E / 22.0081; 87.9837
Country  India
State West Bengal
District Purba Medinipur
Government
 • Type Community development block
Area
 • Total 181.84 km2 (70.21 sq mi)
Elevation 7 m (23 ft)
Population (2011)
 • Total 207,835
 • Density 1,100/km2 (3,000/sq mi)
Languages
 • Official Bengali, English
Time zone IST (UTC+5:30)
PIN 721631 (Nandigram)
721646 (Tekhalibazar)
Area code(s) 03224
Vehicle registration WB-29, WB-30, WB-31, WB-32, WB-33
Literacy 85.89%
Lok Sabha constituency Tamluk
Vidhan Sabha constituency Nandigram
Website purbamedinipur.gov.in

Nandigram I is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Haldia subdivision of Purba Medinipur district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

History

Historical background

The people of Nandigram, along with others in Medinipur district, were at the forefront of many political movements in the past. They took part in the boycott of British goods in 1901, the Khilafat and non-cooperation movements in 1921, in opposing the chowkidari tax, the Salt Satyagraha in 1930 and the Tebhaga movement in 1946. The Tebhaga movement was spearheaded by the CPI, which had developed a base in this district prior to its bifurcation.[1]

Nandigram movement

Main article: Nandigram violence

Haldia Development Authority issued a notification for land acquisition for a chemical hub, covering both Nandigram I and Nandigram II CD Blocks, on 28 December, 2006. According to one estimate some 95,000 people were going to be displaced in both the blocks. However, Nadigram I CD Block was the main area affected by land acquisition. 18,123 acres were going to be acquired here affecting 38 villages. The notice issued by Haldia Development Authority gave out the names of total 29 mouzas at the Nandigram I and Khejuri II CD Blocks that had primarily been shortlisted for the proposed chemical hub. It included 5 Gram Panchayats in Nandigram I CD Block namely Sona Chura, Kalicharanpur, Kendemari, Muhammadpur and Bhekutia and 1 Gram Panchayat in Khejuri II Block namely Khejuri. Protests against land acquisition snowballed into a major movement, led by Bhumi Uchhed Pratirodh Committee and large scale repression. The location of the proposed chemical hub was later shifted to Nayachar and the proposal was finally scrapped.[2][3][4]

Geography

Overview

Purba Medinipur district is part of the lower Indo-Gangetic Plain and Eastern coastal plains. Topographically, the district can be divided into two parts – (a) almost entirely flat plains on the west, east and north, (b) the coastal plains on the south. The vast expanse of land is formed of alluvium and is composed of younger and coastal alluvial. The elevation of the district is within 10 metres above mean sea level. The district has a long coastline of 65.5 km along its southern and south eastern boundary. Five coastal CD Blocks, namely, Khejuri II, Contai II (Deshapran}, Contai I, Ramnagar I and II, are occasionally affected by cyclones and tornadoes. Tidal floods are quite regular in these five CD Blocks. Normally floods occur in 21 of the 25 CD Blocks in the district. The major rivers are Haldi, Rupnarayan, Rasulpur, Bagui and Keleghai, flowing in north to south or south-east direction. River water is an important source of irrigation. The district has a low 899 hectare forest cover, which is 0.02% of its geographical area.[5][6][7]

Location

Nandigram is located at 22°00′29″N 87°59′01″E / 22.0081°N 87.9837°E / 22.0081; 87.9837.

Nandigram I CD Block is bounded by Haldia CD Block, across the Haldi in the north, Kakdwip and Sagar CD Blocks, both in South 24 Parganas district, across the Hooghly estuary, in the east, Khejuri I and Khejuri II CD Blocks in the south and Nandigram II CD Block in the west.[8][9]

It is located 40 km from Tamluk, the district headquarters.[8]

Area and administration

Nandigram I CD Block has an area of 181.84 km2. It has 1 panchayat samity, 10 gram panchayats, 140 gram sansads (village councils), 99 mouzas and 98 inhabited villages. Nandigram police station serves this block.[10] Headquarters of this CD Block is at Nandigram.[11]

Gram panchayats

Gram panchayats of Nandigram I block/ panchayat samiti are: Bhekutia, Daudpur, Gokulnagar, Haripur, Kalicharanpur, Kendemarijalpai, Mahammadpur, Nandigram, Samsabad and Sonachura.[12]

Demographics

Population

As per the 2011 Census of India Nandigram I CD Block had a total population of 207,835, of which 202,032 were rural and 5,803 were urban. There were 106,827 (51%) males and 101,008 (49%) females. Population below 6 years was 28,384. Scheduled Castes numbered 38,619 (18.58%) and Scheduled Tribes numbered 139 (0.07%).[13]

As per the 2001 census, Nandigram I block had a total population of 174,665, out of which 88,963 were males and 85,702 were females. Nandigram I block registered a population growth of 18.18 per cent during the 1991-2001 decade. Decadal growth for the combined Midnapore district was 14.87 per cent.[14]Decadal growth in West Bengal was 17.84 per cent.[15]

Census Town and villages

Census Town in Nandigram I CD Block (2011 census population figure in brackets): Nandigram (5,803).[13]

Large villages (with 4,000+ population) in Nandigram I CD Block (2011 census figures in brackets): Mahammadpur (6,322), Kenda Mari Jalpai (7,604), Gar Chakraberya (4,274), Samsabad (8,279), Haripur (4,400), Naynan (4,277), Daudpur (6,132), Amgechhya (5,333), Gokul Nagar (7,213), Jalpai Part VII (7,369), Kalicharanpur (9,257), Gangra (4,719) and Sona Chura (5,736).[13]

Other villages in Nandigram I CD Block (2011 census figures in brackets): Bhekutya (3,352).[13]

Literacy

As per 2011 census the total numer of literates in Nandigram I CD Block was 152,339 (85.89% of the population over 6 years) out of which 81,810 (54%) were males and 70,529 (46%) were females.[13]

As per 2011 census, literacy in Purba Medinipur district was 87.02%.[16] Purba Medinipur had the highest literacy amongst all the districts of West Bengal in 2011.[17]Literacy in West Bengal was 77.08% in 2011.[18]Literacy in India in 2011 was 74.04%.[18]

See also – List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate

Language

Bengali is the local language in these areas.[8]

Religion

Religion in Nandigram I CD Block
Hindu
  
 65.82%
Muslim
  
 34.04%
Others
  
 0.14%

In 2011 census Hindus numbered 136,789 and formed 65.82% of the population in Nandigram I CD Block. Muslims numbered 70,756 and formed 34.04% of the population. Others numbered 290 and formed 0.14% of the population.[19]

In 2011, Hindus numbered 4,343,972 and formed 85.24% of the population in Purba Medinipur district. Muslims numbered 743,436 and formed 14.59% of the population. In West Bengal, Hindus numbered 64,385,546 and formed 70.53% of the population. Muslims numbered 24,654,825 and formed 27.01% of the population.[19]

Human Development Report

Concentration of Handicraft Activities in CD Blocks
  • Horn Craft - Kolaghat
  • Pata Chitra - Chandipur, Nandakumar
  • Sea Shell – Ramnagar I & II
  • Mat & Mat Diversified Products – Ramnagar I, Egra I & II, Patashpur I
  • Brass & Bell Metal – Ramnagar I, Mahisadal, Patashpur II, Egra I
  • Diversified Jute Products – Ramnagar II, Nandakumar, Kolaghat, Shahid Matangini
  • Cane & Bamboo Products - Chandipur, Nandakumar, Kolaghat, Shahid Matangini
  • Sola Craft - Tamluk, Kolaghat
  • Pottery/Terracotta - Panskura, Tamluk, Sahid Matangini, Nandakumar
  • Wood Craft - Tamluk
  • Zari work - Sutahta, Mahisadal, Haldia, Nandakumar

Source: District Human Development Report, Purba Medinipur, Page 97

According to the District Human Development Report of Purba Medinipur: the density of population (2001 census) at 1,028 persons per  km2 was higher than the West Bengal average of 903 persons per  km2. It is an overwhelmingly rural district with the urban population being only 7.23% of the total population. The scheduled castes form 19.05% of the total population and the scheduled tribes 5.41%, the former or the two together being the lowest in the state.[20]

The agricultural sector is the lifeline of a predominantly rural economy. It is largely dependent on the Low Capacity Deep Tubewells (around 50%) or High Capacity Deep Tubewells (around 27%) for irrigation, as the district does not have a good network of canals, compared to some of the neighbouring districts. In many cases the canals are drainage canals which get the backflow of river water at times of high tide or the rainy season.[20]

In 2007-08, around 85% of the mouzas in the district had electric connections and around 40% of rural households had electricity. Over 90% of the rural households had access to toilet facility. In rural areas the tubewell was taken to be a reliable source of drinking water till arsenic contamination put a question mark on it. Piped water supply is a distant dream for rural people. In the rural areas of the district 6% households enjoy piped drinking water supply facility. In Purba Medinipur, around 70% of the people have a low standard of living.[20]

The average size of land holding in Purba Medinipur, in 2005-06, was 0.73 hectares against 1.01 hectares in West Bengal. In 2001, agricultural workers plus cultivators formed 55.41% of the total workers (main plus marginal). For rice cultivation, the area cultivated under Aman (or winter crop) is one and a half times that of the area under Boro (or summer crop). Purba Medinipur’s net district domestic product derives one fifth of its earnings from fisheries, the highest amongst all the districts of West Bengal. Betelvine is a major source of livelihood in Purba Medinipur district, particularly in Tamluk and Contai subdivisions. Betelvine production in 2008-09 was the highest amongst all the districts and was around a third of the total state production. In 2008-09, Purba Mednipur produced 2,789 tonnes of cashew nuts from 3,340 hectares of land.[20]

The report has provided CD Block-wise data for Modified Human Poverty Index of the district. The information has been modified to suit this page and published in the table alongside. The CD Block-wise mean MHPI is estimated at 24.9. 11 out of 25 CD Blocks are found to be severely deprived in respect of grand CD Block average value of MHPI (CD Blocks with lower amount of poverty are better): All the CD Blocks of Haldia and Contai subdivisions appeared backward, except Ramnagar I & II, of all the blocks of Egra subdivision only Bhagabanpur I appeared backward and in Tamluk subdivision none appeared backward.[20]

(Note: Certain topics, such as Literacy, Education, Healthcare etc., are not covered here and are covered elsewhere in this page.)

Economy

Infrastructure

In 2003-04 Nandigram I CD Block had 9 km of surfaced roads under PWD, 5 km under Zilla Parishad and 275 km surfaced roads under Gram Panchayat and Panchayat Samiti.[21]

Agriculture

In 2003-04 the farmers of Nandigram I CD Block could be classified as follows: Bargadars 19.86%, patta (document) holders 22.63%, small farmers 8.99%, marginal farmers 15.58% and agricultural labourers 32.94%.[21]

As of 2003-04, Nandigram I CD Block had 6,966 hectares vested land, out of which 3,789 hectares was distributed amongst 13,600 persons.[21]

In 2003-04 net area sown in Nandigram I CD Block was 13,506 hectares and the area in which more than one crop was grown was 4,602 hectares.[21]

In 2003-04 Nandigram I CD Block produced 40 tonnes Aus paddy from 20 hectares, 27,480 tonnes of Aman paddy from 11,410 hectares, 1,050 tonnes Boro paddy from 360 hectares, 410 tonnes of jute from 30 hectares and 3,640 tonnes of potatoes from 250 hectares.[21]

Pisciculture

In Nandigram I CD Block 1,152 hectares was the nett area under effective pisiculture and 1,390 persons were engaged in the profession. Approximate annual production in 2003-04 was 20,166 qtl.[21]

Transport

Nandigram I CD Block has 2 ferry services and 16 originating/ terminating bus routes. The nearest railway station is 23 km from the CD Block headquarters.[21]

There are two ferry service across the Haldi River between Haldia and Nandigram – one between Haldia Township and Nandigram and the other between Pari Chak ferry ghat in Haldia and Nandigram. The ferry services are available every 20 minutes,[22]

Education

In 2003-04, Nandigram I CD Block had 121 primary schools with 20,649 students, 7 middle schools with 2,310 students, 8 high schools with 5,323 students and 7 higher secondary schools with 6,776 students. Nandigram I CD Block had 1 general college 1,125 students and 204 institutions with 13,630 students for special and non-formal education. Nandigram I CD Block had 128 mass literacy centres[21]

Healthcare

Nandigram I CD Block had 3 health centres, 30 clinics and 2 dispensaries with 31 beds and 4 doctors in 2003.[21]

References

  1. ↑ "NAPM Report: To Nandigram via Singur". by Aditya Nigam, 27 February 2007. Kafila. Retrieved 8 July 2016.
  2. ↑ "Nandigram revisited: the scars of battle". by Tushar Dhara, a Mumbai based Journalist. InfoChange News & Features, April 2008. Retrieved 8 July 2016.
  3. ↑ "Nandigram and the Struggle against Forced Displacement in India". by Dave Pugh. Frontlines of Revolutionary Struggle, March 2010. Retrieved 8 July 2016.
  4. ↑ "A Timeline of Nandigram". by Asis Kumar Das, 18 June 2008. Mazdoor Mukti. Retrieved 10 July 2016.
  5. ↑ "Brief Industrial Profile of Purba Midnapur District" (PDF). Ministry of Micro Small and Medium Industries, Government of India. Retrieved 29 June 2016.
  6. ↑ "Mapping Dynamics of land utilization and its changing Patterns of Purba Medinipure District - W.B". researchgate.net. Retrieved 29 June 2016.
  7. ↑ "District Human Development Report: Purba Medinipur" (PDF). Chapter I Introduction. Development and Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2011. Retrieved 6 July 2016.
  8. 1 2 3 "Nandigram I Block". onefivenine. Retrieved 22 June 2016.
  9. ↑ "District Map Purba Medinipur". Maps. Purba Medinipur district administration. Retrieved 22 June 2016.
  10. ↑ "District Statistical Handbook 2014 Purba Medinipur". Tables 2.1, 2.2. Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal. Retrieved 6 November 2016.
  11. ↑ "District Census Handbook: Purba Medinipur" (PDF). Map of Purba Medinipur with CD Block HQs and Police Stations. Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011. Retrieved 9 November 2016.
  12. ↑ "Directory of District, Subdivision, Panchayat Samiti/ Block and Gram Panchayats in West Bengal". Purba Medinipur - Revised in March 2008. Panchayats and Rural Development Department, Government of West Bengal. Retrieved 22 June 2016.
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 "C.D. Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA)". 2011 census: West Bengal – District-wise CD Blocks. Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 1 July 2016.
  14. ↑ "Provisional population totals, West Bengal, Table 4, (erstwhile) Medinipur District". Census of India 2001. Census Commission of India. Archived from the original on September 28, 2011. Retrieved 7 June 2016.
  15. ↑ "Provisional Population Totals, West Bengal. Table 4". Census of India 2001. Census Commission of India. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 17 July 2016.
  16. ↑ "Purba Medinipur (East Midnapore) District: Census 2011 data". 2016 Digital Trends. Census Population 2015 Data. Retrieved 27 June 2016.
  17. ↑ "Districts of West Bengal". High Literacy. Census Population 2015 Data. Retrieved 27 June 2016.
  18. 1 2 "Provisional population tables and annexures" (PDF). Census 2011:Table 2(3) Literates and Literacy rates by sex. Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 27 June 2016.
  19. 1 2 "C1 Population by Religious Community". West Bengal. Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 8 July 2016.
  20. 1 2 3 4 5 "District Human Development Report: Purba Medinipur" (PDF). May 2011. Pages: 23, 26, 30, 31-33, 37, 61-63, 80, 83, 89, 91, 93. Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal. Retrieved 22 June 2016.
  21. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "District Statistical Handbook – 2004 – Purba Medinipur" (PDF). Tables 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, 4.4, 4.6, 8.2, 17.2, 18.1, 18.2, 18.3, 18.4, 21.1, 21.2. Bureau of Applied Economics and Statistics, Government of West Bengal. Retrieved 21 June 2016.
  22. ↑ "Haldia Tourism and Industrial Development". Transport. Haldia Development Authority. Retrieved 6 July 2016.
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