28th United States Congress

"28th Congress" redirects here. For the Soviet congress, see 28th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
28th United States Congress
27th   29th

United States Capitol (1846)

Duration: March 4, 1843 – March 4, 1845

Senate President: Vacant
Senate Pres. pro tem: Willie P. Mangum (W)
House Speaker: John W. Jones (D)
Members: 54 Senators
223 Representatives
3 Non-voting members
Senate Majority: Whig
House Majority: Democratic

Sessions
1st: December 4, 1843 – June 17, 1844
2nd: December 2, 1844 – March 3, 1845

The Twenty-eighth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1843 to March 4, 1845, during the third and fourth years of John Tyler's presidency. The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the Sixth Census of the United States in 1840. The Senate had a Whig majority, and the House had a Democratic majority.

Major events

Major legislation

Treaties

States admitted

Party summary

Senate

During this congress, two Senate seats were added for the new state of Florida.

Party
(shading shows control)
Total Vacant
Democratic
(D)
Law and Order
(LO)
Whig
(W)
End of the previous congress 20 0 29 49 3
Begin 22 0 27 49 3
End 23 1 51
Final voting share 45.1% 2.0% 52.9%
Beginning of the next congress 26 0 24 50 4

House of Representatives

Following the 1840 United States Census, Congress reapportioned the House to include 223 seats (5 Stat. 491). During this congress, one House seat was added for the new state of Florida (5 Stat. 743).

Affiliation Party
(Shading indicates majority caucus)
Total
Democratic
(D)
Independent
Democratic
(ID)
Law and Order
(LO)
Whig
(W)
Independent
Whig
(IW)
Other Vacant
End of previous Congress 100 1 0 139 0 1 241 1
Begin 147 1 2 72 1 0 223 0
End 141 78 1
Final voting share 63.7% 0.9% 35.4% 0.0%
Beginning of next Congress 138 0 0 78 0 6 222 2

Leadership

Senate

House of Representatives

Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.

Senate

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1844; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1846; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1848.

Skip to House of Representatives, below

Alabama

Arkansas

Connecticut

Delaware

Florida

  • 1: vacant, admitted to the Union March 3, 1845
  • 2: vacant, admitted to the Union March 3, 1845

Georgia

Illinois

Indiana

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maine

Maryland

Massachusetts

Michigan

Mississippi

Missouri

New Hampshire

New Jersey

New York

North Carolina

Ohio

Pennsylvania

Rhode Island

South Carolina

Tennessee

Vermont

Virginia

President pro tempore
Willie P. Mangum

House of Representatives

Representatives are listed by their district numbers.

Alabama

(6-1 Democratic)

Arkansas

(1 Democrat)

Connecticut

(4 Democrats)

Delaware

(1 Whig)

Florida

  • At-large: vacant, admitted to the Union March 3, 1845

Georgia

All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
(8 Democrats)

Illinois

(6-1 Democratic)

Indiana

(8-2 Democratic)

Kentucky

(5-5 split)

Louisiana

(4 Democrats)

Maine

(5-2 Democratic)

Maryland

(6 Democrats)

Massachusetts

(8-1 Whig)

Michigan

(3 Democrats)

Mississippi

All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
(4 Democrats)

Missouri

All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
(5 Democrats)

New Hampshire

All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
(4 Democrats)

New Jersey

(4-1 Democratic)

New York

(24-10 Democratic)

North Carolina

(5-4 Whig)

Ohio

(12-9 Democratic)

Pennsylvania

(12-12 split)

Rhode Island

(2 Law and Order)

South Carolina

(7 Democrats)

Tennessee

(6-5 Democratic)

Vermont

(3-1 Whig)

Virginia

(12-3 Democratic)

Non-voting members

(3 Democrats)

House seats by party holding plurality in state
  80.1-100% Democratic
  80.1-100% Whig
  60.1-80% Democratic
  60.1-80% Whig
  Up to 60% Democratic
  Up to 60% Whig

Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

Senate

State
(class)
Vacator Reason for change Successor Date of successor's
formal installation
Tennessee
(1)
Vacant Senator Alfred O. P. Nicholson (D) resigned in 26th Congress.
Successor elected October 17, 1843.
Ephraim H. Foster (W) Elected October 17, 1843
Tennessee
(2)
Vacant Failure to elect.
Successor elected October 17, 1843.
Spencer Jarnagin (W) Elected October 17, 1843
Maine
(1)
Vacant Senator Reuel Williams (D) resigned in previous congress.
Successor elected December 4, 1843.
John Fairfield (D) Elected December 4, 1843
Louisiana
(3)
Alexander Porter (W) Elected but, due to ill health, never took his seat.
Incumbent died January 13, 1844.
Successor elected February 12, 1844.
Henry Johnson (W) Elected February 12, 1844
Illinois
(2)
Samuel McRoberts (D) Died March 27, 1843.
Successor appointed December 4, 1843 to continue the term until an election.
Appointee was later elected, on an unknown date.
James Semple (D) Seated December 4, 1843
Missouri
(3)
Lewis F. Linn (D) Died October 3, 1843.
Successor appointed October 14, 1843 to continue the term until an election.
Appointee was later elected, on an unknown date in 1843.
David R. Atchison (D) Seated October 14, 1843
Rhode Island
(1)
William Sprague (W) Resigned January 17, 1844.
Successor elected January 25, 1844.
John B. Francis (LO) Seated January 25, 1844
Alabama
(2)
William R. King (D) Resigned April 15, 1844 after being appointed U.S. Minister to France.
Successor appointed April 22, 1844 to finish the term.
Dixon H. Lewis (D) Seated April 22, 1844
New York
(1)
Nathaniel P. Tallmadge (W) Resigned June 17, 1844 after being appointed Governor of Wisconsin Territory.
Successor was appointed November 30, 1945.
Appointee was later elected January 18, 1845.
Daniel S. Dickinson (D) Seated December 9, 1844
Arkansas
(2)
William S. Fulton (D) Died August 15, 1844.
Successor elected November 8, 1844.
Chester Ashley (D) Seated November 8, 1844
New York
(3)
Silas Wright (D) Resigned November 26, 1844 after being elected Governor of New York.
Successor appointed November 30, 1945.
Henry A. Foster (D) Seated December 9, 1844
New York
(3)
Henry A. Foster (D) Appointee was not nominated for election.
Successor elected January 18, 1845.
John A. Dix (D) Seated January 27, 1845
South Carolina
(2)
Daniel E. Huger (D) Resigned March 3, 1845 Vacant Not filled this term
Florida
(1)
New state: Florida admitted to the Union March 3, 1845.
First Senator wasn't elected until the next Congress.
Vacant Not filled this term
Florida
(2)
New state: Florida admitted to the Union March 3, 1845.
First Senator wasn't elected until the next Congress.
Vacant Not filled this term

House of Representatives


District Vacator Reason for change Successor Date successor
seated
Massachusetts 10th Barker Burnell (W) Died June 15, 1843 Joseph Grinnell (W) Seated December 7, 1843
Georgia At-large Mark A. Cooper (D) Resigned June 26, 1843 to become candidate for Governor of Georgia Alexander H. Stephens (W) Seated October 2, 1843
Georgia At-large John B. Lamar (D) Resigned July 29, 1843 Absalom H. Chappell (W) Seated October 2, 1843
Georgia At-large John Millen (D) Died October 15, 1843 Duncan L. Clinch (W) Seated February 15, 1844
Virginia 7th Henry A. Wise (D) Resigned February 12, 1844 after being appointed Minister to Brazil Thomas H. Bayly (D) Seated May 6, 1844
Pennsylvania 21st William Wilkens (D) Resigned February 14, 1844 after being appointed United States Secretary of War Cornelius Darragh (W) Seated March 26, 1844
Virginia 5th Thomas W. Gilmer (D) Resigned February 16, 1844 after being appointed United States Secretary of the Navy William L. Goggin (W) Seated April 25, 1844
Pennsylvania 13th Henry Frick (W) Died March 1, 1844 James Pollock (W) Seated April 5, 1844
Ohio 10th Heman A. Moore (D) Died April 3, 1844 Alfred P. Stone (D) Seated October 8, 1844
Alabama 3rd Dixon H. Lewis (D) Resigned April 22, 1844 after being appointed US Senator William L. Yancey (D) Seated December 2, 1844
Louisiana 4th Pierre Bossier (D) Died April 24, 1844 Isaac E. Morse (D) Seated December 2, 1844
New York 20th Samuel Beardsley (D) Resigned April 29, 1844 after being appointed associate judge of New York Supreme Court Levi D. Carpenter (D) Seated November 5, 1844
Ohio 21st Henry R. Brinkerhoff (D) Died April 30, 1844 Edward S. Hamlin (W) Seated October 8, 1844
Pennsylvania 12th Almon H. Read (D) Died June 3, 1844 George Fuller (D) Seated December 2, 1844
Florida Territory At-large David L. Yulee (D) Seat was eliminated when Florida achieved statehood March 3, 1845
Florida
At-large
Florida was admitted to the Union on March 3, 1845 Vacant Not filled this term

Committees

Lists of committees and their party leaders.

Senate

House of Representatives

Joint committees

Employees

Senate

House of Representatives

See also

References

    External links

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