Qinhuangdao

Qinhuangdao
秦皇岛市
Prefecture-level city

City of Qinhuangdao
Nickname(s): Backyard garden of Beijing and Tianjin (京津后花园)

Location of Qinhuangdao City jurisdiction in Hebei
Qinhuangdao

Location of the city centre in Hebei

Coordinates: 39°56′N 119°36′E / 39.933°N 119.600°E / 39.933; 119.600Coordinates: 39°56′N 119°36′E / 39.933°N 119.600°E / 39.933; 119.600
Country China
Province Hebei
Government
 • Party Secretary Meng Xiangwei
 • Mayor Zhu Haowen
Area
 • Prefecture-level city 7,791.57 km2 (3,008.34 sq mi)
 • Urban 506.7 km2 (195.6 sq mi)
 • Metro 506.7 km2 (195.6 sq mi)
Population (2010 census)
 • Prefecture-level city 2,897,605
 • Density 370/km2 (960/sq mi)
 • Urban 1,029,670
 • Urban density 2,000/km2 (5,300/sq mi)
 • Metro 1,029,670
 • Metro density 2,000/km2 (5,300/sq mi)
Time zone China Standard (UTC+8)
Postal code 066000
Area code(s) (0)335
Licence Plate Prefix 冀C
Website http://www.qhd.gov.cn/
Qinhuangdao

"Qinhuangdao", as written in Chinese
Simplified Chinese 秦皇岛
Traditional Chinese 秦皇島
Postal Chinwangtao
Literal meaning Qin Shi Huang Island

Qinhuangdao (/ˈtʃinˈhwɑːŋˈdaʊ/)[1] (秦皇岛) is a port city on the coast of China located in northeastern Hebei province. It is administratively a prefecture-level city, located about 300 km (190 mi) east of Beijing, on the Bohai Sea, the innermost gulf of the Yellow Sea. Its population during the 2010 national census was 2,987,605, with approximately one million people living in the built-up (or metro) area made up of 3 urban districts.

History

In the 19th century, Qinhuangdao included the separate towns of Qinhuangdao and Tanghe.[n 1] Both were stations along the Peking–Mukden Railway. The design and construction of the new harbour and port of Ching Wang Tao in the Gulf of Pechili was undertaken by the partnership of Sir John Wolfe-Barry and Lt Col Arthur John Barry at the turn of the 20th century.[2]

Geography

Qinhuangdao sits on the northwest coast of the Bohai Sea and borders Tangshan to the southwest, Chengde to the northwest, and Liaoning to the northeast. Its administrative area ranges in latitude 39° 24' to 40° 37' N and in longitude from 118° 33' to 119° 51' E, and has a total area of 7,812.4 km2 (3,016.4 sq mi).

Since the elevation of Tianjin to a provincial-level municipality, Qinhuangdao is the chief port of Hebei. The Qin emperor Qin Shi Huang is said to have sought immortality on an island in the Haigang district but did not find it.

Qinhuangdao has three main developed areas:

Qinhuangdao's Olympic Sports Centre Stadium was used as an Olympic Competition Venue (Football Preliminary) during the 2008 Summer Olympics.

Climate

Qinhuangdao has a monsoon-influenced humid continental climate (Köppen Dwa), with four distinct seasons. Winters are cold and dry due to the Siberian high, which often causes winds to blow in from the northwest, minimising the oceanic influence: the monthly daily average temperature in January is −4.8 °C (23.4 °F), colder than Beijing's −3.7 °C (25.3 °F).[4] Summers are hot and humid due to the East Asian Monsoon, often allowing onshore flows; summer is also when the coast moderates the weather the most: the average high temperature in July here is 28.1 °C (83 °F), as compared to 30.9 °C (88 °F) in Beijing.[4] As measured by daily mean temperature, July and August are equally warm, averaging 24.7 °C (76.5 °F). The annual mean is 11.0 °C (51.8 °F), and 70% of the annual precipitation falls from June to August.

Climate data for Qinhuangdao (1971−2000)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 11.5
(52.7)		 18.3
(64.9)		 21.8
(71.2)		 31.6
(88.9)		 37.1
(98.8)		 38.4
(101.1)		 39.2
(102.6)		 35.1
(95.2)		 33.6
(92.5)		 29.4
(84.9)		 21.6
(70.9)		 14.0
(57.2)		 39.2
(102.6)
Average high °C (°F) 0.1
(32.2)		 2.6
(36.7)		 8.4
(47.1)		 16.1
(61)		 22.1
(71.8)		 25.7
(78.3)		 28.1
(82.6)		 28.5
(83.3)		 25.2
(77.4)		 18.4
(65.1)		 9.7
(49.5)		 2.9
(37.2)		 15.7
(60.2)
Daily mean °C (°F) −4.8
(23.4)		 −2.4
(27.7)		 3.5
(38.3)		 11.2
(52.2)		 17.3
(63.1)		 21.6
(70.9)		 24.7
(76.5)		 24.7
(76.5)		 20.2
(68.4)		 13.1
(55.6)		 4.6
(40.3)		 −1.8
(28.8)		 11.0
(51.8)
Average low °C (°F) −8.8
(16.2)		 −6.3
(20.7)		 −0.5
(31.1)		 6.9
(44.4)		 13.1
(55.6)		 18.0
(64.4)		 21.7
(71.1)		 21.0
(69.8)		 15.6
(60.1)		 8.4
(47.1)		 0.5
(32.9)		 −5.6
(21.9)		 7.0
(44.6)
Record low °C (°F) −20.8
(−5.4)		 −17
(1)		 −12.5
(9.5)		 −5
(23)		 3.0
(37.4)		 9.9
(49.8)		 14.3
(57.7)		 13.1
(55.6)		 4.4
(39.9)		 −2.8
(27)		 −11.8
(10.8)		 −16.4
(2.5)		 −20.8
(−5.4)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 3.0
(0.118)		 3.0
(0.118)		 9.4
(0.37)		 24.1
(0.949)		 55.2
(2.173)		 102.2
(4.024)		 189.7
(7.469)		 152.3
(5.996)		 51.0
(2.008)		 28.6
(1.126)		 10.7
(0.421)		 5.0
(0.197)		 634.2
(24.969)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 2.1 2.2 3.3 5.1 7.3 10.6 12.8 9.9 7.1 4.6 3.3 1.7 60.0
Source: Weather China

Administrative divisions

Map
Name Hanzi Hanyu Pinyin Population
(2004 est.)		 Area (km²) Density
(/km²)
City proper
Haigang District 海港区 Hǎigǎng Qū 550,000 121 4,545
Suburban
Shanhaiguan District 山海关区 Shānhǎiguān Qū 140,000 192 729
Beidaihe District 北戴河区 Běidàihé Qū 70,000 70 1,000
Funing District 抚宁区 Fǔníng Qū 520,000 1,646 316
Rural
Changli County 昌黎县 Chānglí Xiàn 550,000 1,184 465
Lulong County 卢龙县 Lúlóng Xiàn 420,000 945 444
Qinglong Manchu
Autonomous County		 青龙满族
自治县		 Qīnglóng Mǎnzú
Zìzhìxiàn		 520,000 3,309 157

Development Zone

The Qinhuangdao Economic & Technology Development Zone was approved by the State Council in 1984 to become one of China’s first state-level economic and technological development zones. Qinhuangdao is in the heart of the rapidly growing “Bohai-Rim Economic Circle”, within easy reach of Beijing (280 km (170 mi)) and Tianjin (245 km (152 mi)).[5] It covers a sea area of 23.81 km2 (9.19 sq mi) and has a coastline of 6 km (3.7 mi). The planned and controlled area of the development zone has reached 56.72 km2 (21.90 sq mi). By the end of 2006, the number of approved projects reached 4,546, in which 647 projects were foreign-invested, with a total investment of US$4.73 billion.

Qinhuangdao Export Processing Zone is the first export processing zone in Hebei Province. It has passed joint appraisal held by Customs General Administration People's Republic of China, State Development Planning Commission and other six departments in 2003. Industries encouraged in the zone include electronics assembly and manufacturing, building/construction materials, computer software, trading and distribution.[6]

Economy

Looking south along Minzu Road from the top floor of the International Trade Hotel

Qinhuangdao Port is a strategically important port and is the largest coal shipping port in the country, much of which is shipped to power plants elsewhere in China. With recent expansion, its capacity has reached 209 million metric tons. The harbor is adding a further six berths to add capacity and is increasingly being invested in by other port operators, such as South Africa's Richards Bay Coal Terminal, who have announced plans to invest US$150 million to increase capacity by at least 28 percent.

China is the world's third largest coal exporter, and Qinhuangdao is expected to handle much of the nations coal exports. Rail links from Shanxi province (China’s largest coal producer) to Qinhuangdao Port are being upgraded, which should allow for Qinhuangdao to ultimately increase its throughput to 400 million tones of coal per annum from its current level of about 250 million tons by 2015.

Other Chinese and foreign service suppliers are moving to Qinhuangdao to support this. China Ocean Shipping (Group) Co, China's biggest shipping company, expects US$49 billion of spending on ports over the next five years as the industry tackles bottlenecks created by the nation's unprecedented economic boom.[7]

Qinhuangdao is on the Jingshen Expressway which links Beijing with Shenyang, Liaoning.

Tourism

The Qinhuangdao Wildlife Park was opened in 1995 and is China's second largest wildlife park

Red Ribbon

Qinhuangdao is home to the Tanghe River Park, which features the Red Ribbon, a knee-high steel sculpture that runs the length of the park, providing seating, environmental interpretation, lighting, and the display of native plants. The project has won an honor award from the American Society of Landscape Architects and was selected by readers of Condé Nast Traveler magazine as one of the seven new wonders of the architecture world.[8]

Education

Sister cities


Notes

  1. ↑ simplified Chinese: 汤河; traditional Chinese: 湯河; pinyin: Tānghé; Wade–Giles: Tang-ho; literally: "soup river"

References

  1. ↑ "Qinhuangdao pronunciation". Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 25 April 2015.
  2. ↑ Frederick Arthur Crisp Visitation of England and Wales, Volume 14, London (1906)
  3. ↑ "China Expat City Guide". Asia Briefing. 2009. Archived from the original on January 18, 2009. Retrieved 2009-02-08.
  4. 1 2 中国地面国际交换站气候标准值月值数据集（1971－2000年） (in Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Archived from the original on September 21, 2013. Retrieved 2011-05-28.
  5. ↑ "Qinhuangdao Economic & Technology Development Zone". RightSite.asia. Retrieved 2012-12-24.
  6. ↑ "Qinhuangdao Export Processing Zone". RightSite.asia. Retrieved 2012-12-24.
  7. ↑ "China Briefing Business Guide" (PDF). China Briefing. 2009. Retrieved 2009-02-08.
  8. ↑ "Red Ribbon in Tanghe River Park".
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